Time spent on milking mares and their ethological indicators

Abstract

Dairy horse breeding in Ukraine is not a traditional branch of animal husbandry, although its products most closely correspond to the physiology of human digestion and are especially indispensable in children's nutrition, since the chemical composition of mares' milk is close to that of women. To obtain mare's milk, it is necessary to take into account the technological features of keeping, feeding animals and obtaining products specific to a particular farm, which should be reflected in technological maps. The most time-consuming process in the production of milk of all types of animals is the milking process, therefore the purpose of this work was to develop standards of time consumption for the further development of technological maps in dairy breeding and to study the productive and ethological indicators of dairy mares taking into account the serial number of milking. The research was carried out at the Kumys farm, a breeding breeder for the breeding of the Novoaleksandrivsky weight-carrying breed of horses of the Dibriv Horse Stud No. 62 branch of the State Enterprise "Studying of Ukraine" using video surveillance, time measurement, biometrics, and mathematical calculations. It was established that the time spent on milking is directly dependent on the productivity of mares and increases with the serial number of milking. Ethological studies have shown that mares willingly go to milking and in the same order and sequence to the left and right milking machines. Supplementation with oat grains takes place during milking at the milking plant, the time spent there is not enough to consume the daily requirement due to concentrated feeds, and the time spent by mares in the pre-milking area exceeds the normative indicators. Standards for time spent on the milking process have been developed, taking into account the ethological features of mares and suggestions for its improvement through the organization of standardized individual feeding and the frequency of milking, which will increase the gross production of marketable milk. The practical value of the work consists in determining the time spent on milking mares, depending on their productivity, which will later be used as normative indicators during the development of technological maps