Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.62
Y. Sahachko, Olena Smihunova, Olha Podolska
During the war and after its end, Ukraine needs to restore its economy, in particular the agri-food sector, which is one of the key sectors of the national economy. Investment support for the technological growth of the agro-food sector can be of decisive importance for this, because it allows to achieve high productivity, competitiveness and sustainable development of this industry, which in turn will contribute to ensuring the food security of the country, raising the standard of living of the population and reducing the outflow of labor force abroad. The purpose of the article was to analyze and determine promising ways of attracting investments to support the technological development of the agro-food sector in post-war Ukraine. Using the analysis of literary sources and statistical data, the state of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the pre-war and post-war periods is considered and analyzed. The structure and investment attractiveness of Ukrainian enterprises are investigated. The state of business subjects in the field of agriculture was analyzed and with the help of expert assessments, it was established that small entrepreneurship is the driving force of the development of the economy and economic relations, although it is risky for investment. Using statistical analysis, the structure of foreign investment is investigated and it is established that the main problem of attracting foreign investment is outdated equipment and technologies, so it is necessary to integrate innovations into agriculture. So, after analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, it was established that appropriate financing can help implement modern resource-saving technologies in agro-food production, promote the implementation of innovative approaches, namely the introduction of modern methods of soil treatment, the use of rational water use, the introduction of automation and mechanization of production processes, the use of drones and modern monitoring systems, as well as the introduction of modern methods of storage, processing and sales of products, which will ensure increased production efficiency, reduced environmental consequences and increased competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises on the international market. The practical value of the research lies in the ability to provide recommendations on creating a favorable investment climate, improving legislation, ensuring the protection of investors' rights, as well as infrastructure development and support for research projects in the field of agro-food production
{"title":"Prospects for the formation of investment support for the technological growth of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy in the post-war period","authors":"Y. Sahachko, Olena Smihunova, Olha Podolska","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.62","url":null,"abstract":"During the war and after its end, Ukraine needs to restore its economy, in particular the agri-food sector, which is one of the key sectors of the national economy. Investment support for the technological growth of the agro-food sector can be of decisive importance for this, because it allows to achieve high productivity, competitiveness and sustainable development of this industry, which in turn will contribute to ensuring the food security of the country, raising the standard of living of the population and reducing the outflow of labor force abroad. The purpose of the article was to analyze and determine promising ways of attracting investments to support the technological development of the agro-food sector in post-war Ukraine. Using the analysis of literary sources and statistical data, the state of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the pre-war and post-war periods is considered and analyzed. The structure and investment attractiveness of Ukrainian enterprises are investigated. The state of business subjects in the field of agriculture was analyzed and with the help of expert assessments, it was established that small entrepreneurship is the driving force of the development of the economy and economic relations, although it is risky for investment. Using statistical analysis, the structure of foreign investment is investigated and it is established that the main problem of attracting foreign investment is outdated equipment and technologies, so it is necessary to integrate innovations into agriculture. So, after analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, it was established that appropriate financing can help implement modern resource-saving technologies in agro-food production, promote the implementation of innovative approaches, namely the introduction of modern methods of soil treatment, the use of rational water use, the introduction of automation and mechanization of production processes, the use of drones and modern monitoring systems, as well as the introduction of modern methods of storage, processing and sales of products, which will ensure increased production efficiency, reduced environmental consequences and increased competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises on the international market. The practical value of the research lies in the ability to provide recommendations on creating a favorable investment climate, improving legislation, ensuring the protection of investors' rights, as well as infrastructure development and support for research projects in the field of agro-food production","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.80
О. Karatieieva, Vadim Posukhin
In modern realities, an important place for the effective management of the cattle breeding industry is a properly implemented selection and breeding process with the sampling of cows that are marked by the highest indicators of a set of productive qualities. In this case, the application of entropy and information analysis is one of the most expedient, as it makes it possible to assess the economic and useful qualities of animals as fully as possible. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and analyze the degree of organization of the biological system of dairy cattle productive traits under the influence of hereditary factors such as the age and origin of cows. During the research, methods generally accepted in zootechnics and methods using information and entropy analysis, which are adapted and modified in animal husbandry, were used. The data obtained from the entropy and information analysis show that for cattle of the Black-and-White breed of different lineal affiliations, the level of organization of systems varies – R from 0.009 to 1.341 bits. Moreover, the most stable trait from the point of view of variability was the fat content in milk, the level of unconditional entropy in the section of lactations was equal to 3.333-4.550 bits, which indicates a smaller influence of disorganized factors on the level of manifestation of this trait, and a greater dependence on hereditary factors, i.e. origin. Although in general, a reliable influence of the lineal affiliation of cows on indicators of unconditional entropy and organization of the system was not established, the influence of the age factor on indicators of entropy was observed. Thus, the researched livestock is not characterized by uniformity and consolidation in terms of the main selection characteristics, except for the fat content in milk, which indicates a wide range of variability and serves as a flexible material both for selection and breeding work and for increasing the level of milk productivity. Therefore, the use of empirical data of information theory can be a kind of marker when predicting hereditary traits of a particular productivity, since entropy and information analysis provides wider and deeper values of trait variability
在现代现实中，有效管理养牛业的一个重要方面是正确实施选育过程，对具有最高生产质量指标的奶牛进行采样。在这种情况下，应用熵和信息分析是最有效的方法之一，因为它可以尽可能全面地评估动物的经济和实用品质。本研究的目的是评估和分析奶牛生产性状生物系统在奶牛年龄和产地等遗传因素影响下的组织程度。在研究过程中，使用了动物技术中普遍接受的方法，以及在畜牧业中经过调整和修改的信息和熵分析方法。从熵和信息分析中获得的数据表明，对于不同血缘关系的黑白品种牛，系统的组织水平各不相同 - R 从 0.009 到 1.341 位不等。此外，从变异性的角度来看，最稳定的性状是牛奶中的脂肪含量，泌乳期无条件熵水平为 3.333-4.550 位，这表明无组织因素对该性状表现水平的影响较小，而对遗传因素（即起源）的依赖性较大。虽然总的来说，奶牛的嫡系隶属关系对系统的无条件熵和组织指标没有可靠的影响，但观察到了年龄因素对熵指标的影响。因此，所研究的家畜在主要选育特征方面不具有统一性和巩固性，只有牛奶中的脂肪含量显示出较大的可变性，可作为选育工作和提高牛奶生产率水平的灵活材料。因此，在预测特定生产力的遗传性状时，使用信息论的经验数据可作为一种标记，因为熵和信息分析可提供更广泛、更深入的性状变异值。
{"title":"The use of entropy and information analysis to estimate the milk productivity of the Black-and-White dairy breed cows depending on their lineal affiliation","authors":"О. Karatieieva, Vadim Posukhin","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.80","url":null,"abstract":"In modern realities, an important place for the effective management of the cattle breeding industry is a properly implemented selection and breeding process with the sampling of cows that are marked by the highest indicators of a set of productive qualities. In this case, the application of entropy and information analysis is one of the most expedient, as it makes it possible to assess the economic and useful qualities of animals as fully as possible. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and analyze the degree of organization of the biological system of dairy cattle productive traits under the influence of hereditary factors such as the age and origin of cows. During the research, methods generally accepted in zootechnics and methods using information and entropy analysis, which are adapted and modified in animal husbandry, were used. The data obtained from the entropy and information analysis show that for cattle of the Black-and-White breed of different lineal affiliations, the level of organization of systems varies – R from 0.009 to 1.341 bits. Moreover, the most stable trait from the point of view of variability was the fat content in milk, the level of unconditional entropy in the section of lactations was equal to 3.333-4.550 bits, which indicates a smaller influence of disorganized factors on the level of manifestation of this trait, and a greater dependence on hereditary factors, i.e. origin. Although in general, a reliable influence of the lineal affiliation of cows on indicators of unconditional entropy and organization of the system was not established, the influence of the age factor on indicators of entropy was observed. Thus, the researched livestock is not characterized by uniformity and consolidation in terms of the main selection characteristics, except for the fat content in milk, which indicates a wide range of variability and serves as a flexible material both for selection and breeding work and for increasing the level of milk productivity. Therefore, the use of empirical data of information theory can be a kind of marker when predicting hereditary traits of a particular productivity, since entropy and information analysis provides wider and deeper values of trait variability","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.90
V. Danylyshyn, Mariia Koval
The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that over the years the trend of finding new types of raw materials and technologies for their processing into biogas is growing rapidly. Not only people in European countries but all over the world tend towards the advantages of its production. For Ukraine, the development of infrastructure and a detailed study of this industry will later become a necessary stimulus for the reconstruction of the economy in the post-war period. The aim of the work is to analyze the biomass potential of fallen leaves for biogas production, taking into account the possibilities of technological development of this field in Ukraine. Several methods and approaches were used to achieve the goal. In particular, the physicochemical basis of the process of anaerobic fermentation of organic matter to obtain biogas was studied. A mathematical model of the process of obtaining biogas in a reactor from fallen leaves was also developed. And at the very end, the calculation of the economic efficiency of using a biogas plant for utilization of fallen leaves in a bioreactor was carried out. Summarizing the main results, it is possible to highlight the development of the patent-protected design of the bioreactor, the engineering methodology and the mathematical model for calculating the methane tank for the production of biogas from fallen leaves. First of all, the potential of biomass of plant origin for biogas production was analyzed and this led to the conclusion that the use of fallen leaves is a promising direction, but the significant advantages of using the raw material base are ignored. One of the main environmental problems of Ukraine remains the utilization of fallen leaves and other organic matter of plant origin. At the same time, the conducted research produces not only a number of solutions to this issue, but also turns the problem into an economically profitable solution and eliminates all ecologically unjustified processing methods
{"title":"Analysis of biogas production and prospects for the development of biogas technologies in Ukraine","authors":"V. Danylyshyn, Mariia Koval","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.90","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that over the years the trend of finding new types of raw materials and technologies for their processing into biogas is growing rapidly. Not only people in European countries but all over the world tend towards the advantages of its production. For Ukraine, the development of infrastructure and a detailed study of this industry will later become a necessary stimulus for the reconstruction of the economy in the post-war period. The aim of the work is to analyze the biomass potential of fallen leaves for biogas production, taking into account the possibilities of technological development of this field in Ukraine. Several methods and approaches were used to achieve the goal. In particular, the physicochemical basis of the process of anaerobic fermentation of organic matter to obtain biogas was studied. A mathematical model of the process of obtaining biogas in a reactor from fallen leaves was also developed. And at the very end, the calculation of the economic efficiency of using a biogas plant for utilization of fallen leaves in a bioreactor was carried out. Summarizing the main results, it is possible to highlight the development of the patent-protected design of the bioreactor, the engineering methodology and the mathematical model for calculating the methane tank for the production of biogas from fallen leaves. First of all, the potential of biomass of plant origin for biogas production was analyzed and this led to the conclusion that the use of fallen leaves is a promising direction, but the significant advantages of using the raw material base are ignored. One of the main environmental problems of Ukraine remains the utilization of fallen leaves and other organic matter of plant origin. At the same time, the conducted research produces not only a number of solutions to this issue, but also turns the problem into an economically profitable solution and eliminates all ecologically unjustified processing methods","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.31
V. Pichura, Larysa Potravka, Ye.O. Domaratskiy, Spartakas Petrovas
Long-term studies of tillage and crop management are essential in finding out which crop production practices would contribute to sustainable yields and profits. In the conditions of climate change, such issues as selection, forecasting and adjustment of crop cultivation systems in the zone of moisture deficit and agricultural risk management are especially relevant. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish spatiotemporal patterns of vegetative development of sunflower hybrids and predict their productivity in the soil and climatic conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe. A detailed analysis of seasonal changes in the values of the normalized difference vegetation index in sunflower hybrid crops during the 2019-2021 time period was carried out with the help of space images from the Sentinel 2 satellite device, and then processed with the ArcGis 10.6 licensed software product. The credibility of the achieved results of the condition of crops in different phases of plant vegetation on the basis of NDVI and the possibility of their use for forecasting the yield of agricultural crops have been proven. The adjustment capabilities of various sunflower hybrids to the STeppe soil and climate conditions were determined, particularly in regards of such hybrids as Oplot, Hektor, DSL403, P64GE133, 8X477KL. A model of the yield forecasting function for each sunflower hybrid was developed according to the annual level of moisture supply. The level of data approximation of the forecasting models was 97.2-99.9%. It is suggested to use system functional models developed specifically for different moisture supply and plant nutrition conditions in order to forecast of the yield of sunflower hybrids according to a particular situation. The results can be used to improve the methodology of researching the vegetation of agricultural crops, to validate crop rotation, to choose the best practical ways for the use of multifunctional growth-regulating substances, to define the climatic adjustment of cultivars and hybrids, to manage resources, to develop adaptive climate technologies in agriculture and crop production, to calculate their efficiency, to forecast the yield and to ensure the profitability of agricultural production in the moisture deficit zone and managing a high-risk farming
{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and vegetation forecasting of sunflower hybrids in soil and climatic conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe zone","authors":"V. Pichura, Larysa Potravka, Ye.O. Domaratskiy, Spartakas Petrovas","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/3.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term studies of tillage and crop management are essential in finding out which crop production practices would contribute to sustainable yields and profits. In the conditions of climate change, such issues as selection, forecasting and adjustment of crop cultivation systems in the zone of moisture deficit and agricultural risk management are especially relevant. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish spatiotemporal patterns of vegetative development of sunflower hybrids and predict their productivity in the soil and climatic conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe. A detailed analysis of seasonal changes in the values of the normalized difference vegetation index in sunflower hybrid crops during the 2019-2021 time period was carried out with the help of space images from the Sentinel 2 satellite device, and then processed with the ArcGis 10.6 licensed software product. The credibility of the achieved results of the condition of crops in different phases of plant vegetation on the basis of NDVI and the possibility of their use for forecasting the yield of agricultural crops have been proven. The adjustment capabilities of various sunflower hybrids to the STeppe soil and climate conditions were determined, particularly in regards of such hybrids as Oplot, Hektor, DSL403, P64GE133, 8X477KL. A model of the yield forecasting function for each sunflower hybrid was developed according to the annual level of moisture supply. The level of data approximation of the forecasting models was 97.2-99.9%. It is suggested to use system functional models developed specifically for different moisture supply and plant nutrition conditions in order to forecast of the yield of sunflower hybrids according to a particular situation. The results can be used to improve the methodology of researching the vegetation of agricultural crops, to validate crop rotation, to choose the best practical ways for the use of multifunctional growth-regulating substances, to define the climatic adjustment of cultivars and hybrids, to manage resources, to develop adaptive climate technologies in agriculture and crop production, to calculate their efficiency, to forecast the yield and to ensure the profitability of agricultural production in the moisture deficit zone and managing a high-risk farming","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.63
V. Nesterenko, A. Rosokhata
The issue of rational waste management in Ukraine is quite acute. The system is in a state of decay, because about 94% of waste ends up in landfills and, at the same time, has a negative impact on the environment. That is why the issue of building a perfect management system and applying marketing communications in Ukraine is quite relevant, because proper waste management with the help of marketing measures will not only save the environment, but also attract secondary raw materials to energy or further production. The purpose of this work was to research and generalize the aspects of marketing communications in the context of the optimal model of the national pattern system of waste management in Ukraine. The research used a system method, an analysis method, and complex and integrative methods. It was determined that the level of volumes of generated and accumulated waste in Ukraine is quite high. It has been established that it is necessary to develop and improve measures for the disposal of acid, alkali or salt waste, other mineral waste, chemical waste, industrial waste sludge, ferrous metal waste and mixed and undifferentiated materials. Necessary waste disposal measures have been determined, which in turn should provide an opportunity to organize complex waste processing measures and ensure the use of their energy potential. The marketing communications established in the study will help to implement measures to stimulate recycling enterprises by the state, to establish relationships between producers and consumers of secondary products, to provide informational support for waste processing through the media, to create a marketing complex around secondary products and to reproduce the use of secondary products in energy efficiency. The recommended structure of marketing communications for running a waste management business in Ukraine will bring recycling to a new level and increase its efficiency. The practical significance of the study is that the identified waste disposal measures and accompanying marketing communications can be used in Ukraine to improve the effectiveness of the waste management system
{"title":"Marketing communication in the context of the optimal model of the national pattern system of waste management in Ukraine","authors":"V. Nesterenko, A. Rosokhata","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.63","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of rational waste management in Ukraine is quite acute. The system is in a state of decay, because about 94% of waste ends up in landfills and, at the same time, has a negative impact on the environment. That is why the issue of building a perfect management system and applying marketing communications in Ukraine is quite relevant, because proper waste management with the help of marketing measures will not only save the environment, but also attract secondary raw materials to energy or further production. The purpose of this work was to research and generalize the aspects of marketing communications in the context of the optimal model of the national pattern system of waste management in Ukraine. The research used a system method, an analysis method, and complex and integrative methods. It was determined that the level of volumes of generated and accumulated waste in Ukraine is quite high. It has been established that it is necessary to develop and improve measures for the disposal of acid, alkali or salt waste, other mineral waste, chemical waste, industrial waste sludge, ferrous metal waste and mixed and undifferentiated materials. Necessary waste disposal measures have been determined, which in turn should provide an opportunity to organize complex waste processing measures and ensure the use of their energy potential. The marketing communications established in the study will help to implement measures to stimulate recycling enterprises by the state, to establish relationships between producers and consumers of secondary products, to provide informational support for waste processing through the media, to create a marketing complex around secondary products and to reproduce the use of secondary products in energy efficiency. The recommended structure of marketing communications for running a waste management business in Ukraine will bring recycling to a new level and increase its efficiency. The practical significance of the study is that the identified waste disposal measures and accompanying marketing communications can be used in Ukraine to improve the effectiveness of the waste management system","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121618379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.21
I. Shuvar, H. Korpita
The use of herbicides can significantly affect the processes of plant photosynthesis, as it leads to inhibition of pigment production, impairs the transport of electrons in the respiratory chain and carbon fixation. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of herbicide application on weediness and photosynthetic activity of soybeans. On the basis of a field study in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Center of the Lviv National University of Nature Management, the dependence of soybean yield on the level of weediness of the culture was established. The highest yield of soybeans - 29.0 t/ha was obtained in the application of the herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold 500 SC c.s. (4.5 l/ha), the smallest – 27.3 t/ha among the experimental variants was obtained with the post-emergence application of the herbicide Pulsar s.c. (1 l/ha). Application of herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold 500 SC c.s. did not affect the intensity of photosynthesis, and the number of pigments in soybean leaves was not significantly different from the indicator in the control. The use of drugs Kommand k.e. and Pulsar s.c. led to a slight decrease in the number of pigments in the first days after application and their gradual stabilization. Use of the herbicide Concur c.s. had the effect of weakening photosynthetic activity and reducing the number of pigments. This indicates that the active substance metribuzin is not absolutely selective with regard to the effect on soybean plants, that is, in the case of its use, there is a probability of suppressing the culture. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in revealing the possibilities for choosing effective herbicides with increased selective phytotoxicity, which provide effective control of the number of weeds with a minimal probability of a negative impact of herbicides on the soybean agrocenosis
{"title":"Herbicide influence on the agrocenose of soy and its photosynthetic activity in the western Forest Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"I. Shuvar, H. Korpita","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"The use of herbicides can significantly affect the processes of plant photosynthesis, as it leads to inhibition of pigment production, impairs the transport of electrons in the respiratory chain and carbon fixation. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of herbicide application on weediness and photosynthetic activity of soybeans. On the basis of a field study in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Center of the Lviv National University of Nature Management, the dependence of soybean yield on the level of weediness of the culture was established. The highest yield of soybeans - 29.0 t/ha was obtained in the application of the herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold 500 SC c.s. (4.5 l/ha), the smallest – 27.3 t/ha among the experimental variants was obtained with the post-emergence application of the herbicide Pulsar s.c. (1 l/ha). Application of herbicide Primekstra TZ Gold 500 SC c.s. did not affect the intensity of photosynthesis, and the number of pigments in soybean leaves was not significantly different from the indicator in the control. The use of drugs Kommand k.e. and Pulsar s.c. led to a slight decrease in the number of pigments in the first days after application and their gradual stabilization. Use of the herbicide Concur c.s. had the effect of weakening photosynthetic activity and reducing the number of pigments. This indicates that the active substance metribuzin is not absolutely selective with regard to the effect on soybean plants, that is, in the case of its use, there is a probability of suppressing the culture. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in revealing the possibilities for choosing effective herbicides with increased selective phytotoxicity, which provide effective control of the number of weeds with a minimal probability of a negative impact of herbicides on the soybean agrocenosis","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123226285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.51
I. Voronetska, N. Yurchuk
During the years of Ukraine's independence, the provision of fodder to the livestock industry and their effective use remained a difficult and unsolved problem. The military aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, economic, geopolitical, climatic instability, global food crisis exacerbated the pre-war problems and led to the emergence of new threats and challenges in fodder production. The purpose of the study is to assess the state and main trends of the feed market of Ukraine, the problems of the feed industry in the context of modern threats and challenges. The research uses generally accepted methods of scientific economic research, in particular: bibliometric, scientific abstraction and hypothesis, systematic and economic analysis, monographic, analysis and synthesis, complex, abstract-logical, induction and deduction, comparison and logical generalization. The main problems of Ukrainian fodder production were considered: the increase in the cost of material resources, energy resources, the increase in the cost of harvesting and storage of domestically produced fodder, the shortage of labor force due to migration and mobilization, extreme climatic conditions that affect the yield of fodder crops, the quantity and quality of fodder, non-compliance with crop rotation, low feed quality, regional redistribution of feed production and consumption, shortage of working capital, problems with reimbursement of value added tax, delays in customs clearance of imported material resources, high inflation, fixed exchange rate, problematic insurance/letter of credit instruments under export contracts, destruction of the main supply chains in Ukraine, change in the geography of exports, blockade of sea ports, high cost of created logistics chains, difficult access to the market of European countries from the point of view of import and product certification, limitation of throughput capacity of European logistics centers, etc. Attention is focused on the problems of fodder production in the de-occupied and front-line territories: a shortage of resources due to the loss of funds and property due to shelling and theft by the Russian military, the destruction of crops, the inability to export products, the death of farm animals due to military actions, damage and destruction of agricultural infrastructure and equipment, the impossibility of conducting technological operations, negative consequences for the land fund as a result of mining, artillery shelling, movement of heavy equipment, etc. The main results of the research can be used for scientific developments and in the practical activities of agricultural producers, assessing the impact of risks and threats on the fodder production industry of Ukraine
{"title":"Fodder production in Ukraine: Trends, problems and prospects","authors":"I. Voronetska, N. Yurchuk","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.51","url":null,"abstract":"During the years of Ukraine's independence, the provision of fodder to the livestock industry and their effective use remained a difficult and unsolved problem. The military aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, economic, geopolitical, climatic instability, global food crisis exacerbated the pre-war problems and led to the emergence of new threats and challenges in fodder production. The purpose of the study is to assess the state and main trends of the feed market of Ukraine, the problems of the feed industry in the context of modern threats and challenges. The research uses generally accepted methods of scientific economic research, in particular: bibliometric, scientific abstraction and hypothesis, systematic and economic analysis, monographic, analysis and synthesis, complex, abstract-logical, induction and deduction, comparison and logical generalization. The main problems of Ukrainian fodder production were considered: the increase in the cost of material resources, energy resources, the increase in the cost of harvesting and storage of domestically produced fodder, the shortage of labor force due to migration and mobilization, extreme climatic conditions that affect the yield of fodder crops, the quantity and quality of fodder, non-compliance with crop rotation, low feed quality, regional redistribution of feed production and consumption, shortage of working capital, problems with reimbursement of value added tax, delays in customs clearance of imported material resources, high inflation, fixed exchange rate, problematic insurance/letter of credit instruments under export contracts, destruction of the main supply chains in Ukraine, change in the geography of exports, blockade of sea ports, high cost of created logistics chains, difficult access to the market of European countries from the point of view of import and product certification, limitation of throughput capacity of European logistics centers, etc. Attention is focused on the problems of fodder production in the de-occupied and front-line territories: a shortage of resources due to the loss of funds and property due to shelling and theft by the Russian military, the destruction of crops, the inability to export products, the death of farm animals due to military actions, damage and destruction of agricultural infrastructure and equipment, the impossibility of conducting technological operations, negative consequences for the land fund as a result of mining, artillery shelling, movement of heavy equipment, etc. The main results of the research can be used for scientific developments and in the practical activities of agricultural producers, assessing the impact of risks and threats on the fodder production industry of Ukraine","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128338975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.28
O. Penkova, A. Kharenko
Before the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, the agricultural sector of Ukraine developed dynamically and played a leading role in ensuring domestic and global food security, employment of the population, and the formation of foreign exchange earnings from product exports and state budget revenues. The active phase of the war on the territory of the country radically changed the conditions for the functioning of agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the article is to characterize and assess the influence of certain elements of the external environment on the activities of agricultural enterprises. The research is based on the dialectical method of learning economic processes and the following methods are used: monographic, abstract-logical, PEST analysis, SWOT analysis. The study analyzed the works of Ukrainian scientists on the problems of the functioning of agricultural enterprises and identified the main political, economic, social and technological factors of the influence of the external environment on their activities in the conditions of martial law. It has been established that the political factors of the environment affect the activity of agricultural enterprises mainly positively, economic factors have a mainly negative effect on them, and social and technological factors have different directions. The assessment of the main strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the environment of agricultural enterprises showed the existence of prerequisites for the quantitative growth of gross volumes of their production and the need to develop a comprehensive strategy of agricultural policy for long-term growth in the conditions of post-war recovery, the key tasks of which should be ecologically oriented nature management, the development of dual education for training highly qualified workers, increasing the volume of production and export of organic and ready-made food products, technical and technological modernization of the production base. Priority stimulation of investments in increasing the volume of production of organic food products, development of primary and advanced processing of agricultural raw materials inside the faucet is proposed. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that its results can be used by state institutions responsible for the development of the agrarian sphere, when developing a strategy for its development and substantiating measures for its implementation, by agricultural enterprises - when developing marketing strategies, by scientists - when further researching the problems of the influence of the external environment on the development of agricultural production
{"title":"Marketing analysis of the functioning environment of agrarian enterprises","authors":"O. Penkova, A. Kharenko","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.28","url":null,"abstract":"Before the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, the agricultural sector of Ukraine developed dynamically and played a leading role in ensuring domestic and global food security, employment of the population, and the formation of foreign exchange earnings from product exports and state budget revenues. The active phase of the war on the territory of the country radically changed the conditions for the functioning of agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the article is to characterize and assess the influence of certain elements of the external environment on the activities of agricultural enterprises. The research is based on the dialectical method of learning economic processes and the following methods are used: monographic, abstract-logical, PEST analysis, SWOT analysis. The study analyzed the works of Ukrainian scientists on the problems of the functioning of agricultural enterprises and identified the main political, economic, social and technological factors of the influence of the external environment on their activities in the conditions of martial law. It has been established that the political factors of the environment affect the activity of agricultural enterprises mainly positively, economic factors have a mainly negative effect on them, and social and technological factors have different directions. The assessment of the main strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the environment of agricultural enterprises showed the existence of prerequisites for the quantitative growth of gross volumes of their production and the need to develop a comprehensive strategy of agricultural policy for long-term growth in the conditions of post-war recovery, the key tasks of which should be ecologically oriented nature management, the development of dual education for training highly qualified workers, increasing the volume of production and export of organic and ready-made food products, technical and technological modernization of the production base. Priority stimulation of investments in increasing the volume of production of organic food products, development of primary and advanced processing of agricultural raw materials inside the faucet is proposed. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that its results can be used by state institutions responsible for the development of the agrarian sphere, when developing a strategy for its development and substantiating measures for its implementation, by agricultural enterprises - when developing marketing strategies, by scientists - when further researching the problems of the influence of the external environment on the development of agricultural production","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129330954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.09
D. Onopriienko, T. Makarova, A. Tkachuk, H. Hapich, H. Roubík
The long-term irrigation of extensive areas in the steppe zone of Ukraine using low-quality and mineralized water has caused degradation processes associated with soil salinization. To mitigate or alleviate these processes, researchers investigated the potential of chemical reclamation through the application of phosphogypsum. The study took place in the northern Steppe of Ukraine near the village of Oleksandrivka, Dnipro district, Dnipropetrovsk region. Over many years, field experiments were conducted, introducing phosphogypsum as a chemical meliorant. The experimental design included the application of phosphogypsum at rates of 1.4, 3.0, and 6.0 t/ha during different periods of the year. Standardized research methods were used for sampling, laboratory analysis, and processing of the results. The research identified a high salt content (0.35-0.48%) in the arable soil layer, signs of salinization (exchangeable sodium content of 3.64%), and unsatisfactory physical condition of the soil in the research areas. The application of phosphogypsum led to an increase in sulfate anions, as observed in the soil's sulfate chemistry, while the control areas exhibited a soda-sulfate type of salinity. The pH level of the water extract remained within neutral values throughout the years of the study. Positive changes were observed regarding the degree of soil salinity. Specifically, the application of phosphogypsum at rates of 3 and 6 t/ha in irrigated areas resulted in a change from moderate to slightly saline salinity levels. The research also demonstrated a positive effect on the sodium-adsorption ratio, particularly when phosphogypsum was applied during irrigation in the third year. The sodium-adsorption ratio decreased by 69% compared to the control options, indicating a better ameliorative effect of phosphogypsum during irrigation. Under the conditions of using water of class II quality for irrigation, the optimal application of phosphogypsum was found to be at doses of 3 t/ha for spring cultivation and 6 t/ha for the main cultivation in autumn. These application rates effectively reduced the degree of soil salinity and improved the ecological and meliorational conditions of the irrigated area
{"title":"Prevention of degradation processes of soils irrigated with mineralized water through plastering","authors":"D. Onopriienko, T. Makarova, A. Tkachuk, H. Hapich, H. Roubík","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term irrigation of extensive areas in the steppe zone of Ukraine using low-quality and mineralized water has caused degradation processes associated with soil salinization. To mitigate or alleviate these processes, researchers investigated the potential of chemical reclamation through the application of phosphogypsum. The study took place in the northern Steppe of Ukraine near the village of Oleksandrivka, Dnipro district, Dnipropetrovsk region. Over many years, field experiments were conducted, introducing phosphogypsum as a chemical meliorant. The experimental design included the application of phosphogypsum at rates of 1.4, 3.0, and 6.0 t/ha during different periods of the year. Standardized research methods were used for sampling, laboratory analysis, and processing of the results. The research identified a high salt content (0.35-0.48%) in the arable soil layer, signs of salinization (exchangeable sodium content of 3.64%), and unsatisfactory physical condition of the soil in the research areas. The application of phosphogypsum led to an increase in sulfate anions, as observed in the soil's sulfate chemistry, while the control areas exhibited a soda-sulfate type of salinity. The pH level of the water extract remained within neutral values throughout the years of the study. Positive changes were observed regarding the degree of soil salinity. Specifically, the application of phosphogypsum at rates of 3 and 6 t/ha in irrigated areas resulted in a change from moderate to slightly saline salinity levels. The research also demonstrated a positive effect on the sodium-adsorption ratio, particularly when phosphogypsum was applied during irrigation in the third year. The sodium-adsorption ratio decreased by 69% compared to the control options, indicating a better ameliorative effect of phosphogypsum during irrigation. Under the conditions of using water of class II quality for irrigation, the optimal application of phosphogypsum was found to be at doses of 3 t/ha for spring cultivation and 6 t/ha for the main cultivation in autumn. These application rates effectively reduced the degree of soil salinity and improved the ecological and meliorational conditions of the irrigated area","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115871711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.41
I. Krylova, Olha Khrystenko, Ganna Tabatskova
In global practice, there is a tendency towards uneven distribution of income, and therefore research on many aspects of this topic should be expanded. This study raises the pressing issues of uneven distribution of incomes, which, in turn, creates poverty and social tension among different segments of the population. The purpose of this scientific work is to consider the main reasons for the uneven distribution of income at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, which is expressed in the reduction of tax progressivity, the weakening of trade unions, the reduction of competition and monopolisation, globalisation, tax evasion, an ineffective education system, and weak corporate governance laws which allow company management to set unlimited high salaries and much more. To achieve the purpose, the following research methods were used: statistical and economic, abstract and logical, comparative analysis, typological approach, and generalisation. As a result, methods of solving the above-mentioned problems were proposed, including progressive taxation, creation of equal opportunities for obtaining higher education and high-paying work, consideration of state investments in the social sector, creation of means of social mobility, etc. The consequences that uneven income distribution can lead to include political instability, reduced social mobility, crime, low life expectancy, financial instability, economic crisis, etc. This article also includes analytical study of indicators of income distribution equality using the Gini coefficient in different countries. The study represents value for the scientific community and researchers of the issue of income distribution in the conditions of a socially oriented economy
{"title":"Unbalanced distribution of income in the conditions of a socio-oriented economy","authors":"I. Krylova, Olha Khrystenko, Ganna Tabatskova","doi":"10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56407/bs.agrarian/2.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"In global practice, there is a tendency towards uneven distribution of income, and therefore research on many aspects of this topic should be expanded. This study raises the pressing issues of uneven distribution of incomes, which, in turn, creates poverty and social tension among different segments of the population. The purpose of this scientific work is to consider the main reasons for the uneven distribution of income at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, which is expressed in the reduction of tax progressivity, the weakening of trade unions, the reduction of competition and monopolisation, globalisation, tax evasion, an ineffective education system, and weak corporate governance laws which allow company management to set unlimited high salaries and much more. To achieve the purpose, the following research methods were used: statistical and economic, abstract and logical, comparative analysis, typological approach, and generalisation. As a result, methods of solving the above-mentioned problems were proposed, including progressive taxation, creation of equal opportunities for obtaining higher education and high-paying work, consideration of state investments in the social sector, creation of means of social mobility, etc. The consequences that uneven income distribution can lead to include political instability, reduced social mobility, crime, low life expectancy, financial instability, economic crisis, etc. This article also includes analytical study of indicators of income distribution equality using the Gini coefficient in different countries. The study represents value for the scientific community and researchers of the issue of income distribution in the conditions of a socially oriented economy","PeriodicalId":166850,"journal":{"name":"UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114197387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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