Common Breeding Techniques in Rice (Orzya sativa L.): Review

Abstract

Rice (Orzya sativa L.) is a staple and most important security food crop consumed by almost half of the world’s population. More rice production is needed due to the rapid population growth in the world. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity and improve it is resistance for biotic and a biotic stress, different breeding techniques has been applied in rice. And this paper was objected to review and summarize the commonly used breeding methods in rice. One of the oldest and widely used breeding techniques is selection. In India variety like IR8 was improved through this method and mostly used for traits that have low inheritance. Hybridization is the other methods which have yield advantage of about 10% 15% over best inbred varieties were introduced in China. Pedigree method has by far been the most popular method in rice breeding and variety IR64 which is wide adaptation, early maturity and improved quality was developed through this technique. One of the most recent and efficient method in rice breeding is molecular marker assisted. It used DNA markers located near the gene or allele co-segregate with the trait of interest across generations makes it easy to identify the presence or absence of particular gene/ allele in the laboratory itself without growing the crop. Overall, in order to secure the need of the growing population, having different breeding techniques which improve and increase the resistance of rice varieties for variable climate is highly relevant.