Like Oil Floating on Water: Italy’s Olive Crisis and the Politics of Backlash against Transnational Legal Orders

T. Pavone
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Abstract

How do failures to reconcile international law with local knowledge in moments of political crisis frustrate compliance, foment conspiracy, and foster backlash? This article illuminates this puzzle through a case study of the law and politics surrounding the destructive outbreak of xylella fastidiosa amidst the olive groves of Italy since 2013. The epidemic prompted interventions by the European Commission and the European Court of Justice to limit the pathogen’s diffusion by applying EU environmental regulations and mandating the eradication of thousands of trees. Yet given limited consultations of local stakeholders and lackluster local knowledge, the EU’s containment efforts backfired, sparking a farmers’ revolt and prompting Italian judges to traffic in conspiracy to obstruct compliance. Drawing on theories of legal mobilization and political sociologies of contentious events, Italy’s olive crisis exemplifies the rise of a contentious politics of resentment that can desiccate the on-the-ground authority of even well-entrenched transnational legal orders.
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像浮在水面上的油:意大利的橄榄危机和反对跨国法律秩序的政治
在政治危机时刻,未能将国际法与当地知识协调起来,如何阻碍遵守、煽动阴谋并助长反弹?本文通过对2013年以来意大利橄榄林中爆发的苛性木杆菌破坏性疫情的法律和政治案例研究,阐明了这一难题。这一流行病促使欧洲委员会(European Commission)和欧洲法院(European Court of Justice)采取干预措施,通过实施欧盟环境法规和强制铲除数千棵树木来限制病原体的扩散。然而,由于与当地利益相关者的磋商有限,对当地的了解也很有限,欧盟的遏制措施适得其反,引发了农民的反抗,促使意大利法官串通一气,阻挠合规。借鉴法律动员理论和争议事件的政治社会学,意大利的橄榄危机体现了一种有争议的怨恨政治的兴起,这种政治可能会使根深蒂固的跨国法律秩序的实地权威变得干涸。
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