Comparative Research on Urban Political Conflict: Policy Amidst Polarization

S. Bollens
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Based on field research in politically contested cities in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, this paper pro- vides a methodological guide to analyzing urban policy in jurisdictions with multiethnic conflict. It seeks to stimulate the intellectual development of comparative conflict studies by illuminating the issues involved in cross-national urban re- search in troubled settings of ethnic conflict and fragmentation. It describes why scholars must be clear in articulating the types of cities under study and how a specific analytic "lens" can be used to gain access to wider issues of urban govern- ance and policymaking in divided societies. Key urban ethnic conditions - territoriality/control over land, distribution of economic benefits and costs, access to policy-making, and group identity - are described in terms of how they can facili- tate or impede the movement toward peaceful co-existence. The paper positions the "city" not as a unitary actor but one that is internally differentiated and externally linked. A comparative analytic framework ("scaffolding") for cross-national research on urban conflict is then presented. Finally, empirical vignettes from eight contested cities in Spain, the former Yugoslavia, Israel/Palestine, South Africa, Cyprus, and Northern Ireland are provided to highlight how theoretical and conceptual understandings can make sense of case study findings and provide footing for theoretical advances and further case study selection as a multi-city research program continues.
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城市政治冲突的比较研究:两极分化中的政策
本文基于对欧洲、非洲和中东地区政治纷争城市的实地研究,为分析多民族冲突地区的城市政策提供了方法论指导。它试图通过阐明在种族冲突和分裂的混乱环境中跨国城市研究所涉及的问题来刺激比较冲突研究的智力发展。它描述了为什么学者必须清楚地阐明所研究的城市类型,以及如何使用特定的分析“镜头”来获得在分裂社会中更广泛的城市治理和政策制定问题。主要的城市种族条件——领土/对土地的控制、经济利益和成本的分配、参与政策制定和群体认同——是根据它们如何促进或阻碍和平共处的运动来描述的。本文不是把“城市”定位为一个单一的行动者,而是一个内部分化、外部联系的行动者。然后提出了城市冲突跨国研究的比较分析框架(“脚手架”)。最后,本文提供了来自西班牙、前南斯拉夫、以色列/巴勒斯坦、南非、塞浦路斯和北爱尔兰八个有争议城市的实证小插曲,以强调理论和概念理解如何使案例研究结果有意义,并为理论进步和进一步的案例研究选择提供基础。
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