La salud de las personas adultas mayores durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract

espanolLa pandemia por COVID-19 representa un problema para la salud publica, mas aun, al tener un alto grado de mortalidad en las personas adultas mayores. Para garantizar el cuidado de este grupo poblacional, se hace un analisis de las necesidades y medidas preventivas disenadas para la prevencion y control de la enfermedad causada por el virus SARS-Cov2. Objetivo. Analizar la situacion de las personas adultas mayores ante la problematica del nuevo coronavirus y compilar las principales medidas de prevencion general y especifica para la proteccion de este grupo vulnerable. Metodologia. Se realizo una revision sistematica de articulos indexados, en PubMed, LATINDEX, Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet y Google Scholar y en fuentes oficiales nacionales e internacionales. Se utilizo para la busqueda las siguientes palabras clave: COVID-19, SARS-Cov2, adulto mayor, medidas preventivas coronavirus, pandemia. Resultados. De 9 articulos consultados y de las fuentes oficiales mencionadas, se analizo los principales ejes en relacion a la situacion economica y laboral, la salud, asi como los factores de riesgo generales para la poblacion y especificos para las personas adultas mayores. Los principales factores de riesgo hallados son la edad avanzada, las comorbilidades presentes en este grupo poblacional, los padecimientos demenciales, ademas de factores sociales como la discriminacion por edad y los estereotipos en relacion a la dependencia y fragilidad de las personas mayores. La prevencion del COVID-19 en adultos mayores debe incluir ademas de la contencion y cuidados especificos, la atencion psicosocial. Conclusiones. Los adultos mayores conforman el grupo de mayor impacto negativo por el SARS-Cov2, COVID-19, su vulnerabilidad ante esta pandemia proviene no solo de su edad, sino por la situacion economica, laboral y enfermedades asociadas a su edad, su soledad le confiere mayor riesgo ya que tiene que salir a buscar sus viveres, de no apoyarles el impacto en su salud sera indudablemente negativo. EnglishThe COVID-19 pandemic represents a public health problem, even more so, since it has a high degree of mortality in older adults. To guarantee the care of this population group, an analysis was made of the needs and preventive measures designed for the prevention and control of the disease caused by the SARS-Cov2 virus. Aim. Analyze the situation of older adults facing the problem of the new coronavirus and compile the main general and specific prevention measures for the protection of this vulnerable group. Methodology. A systematic review of indexed articles was carried out in PubMed, LATINDEX, Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus, Dialnet and Google Scholar and in official national and international sources. The following keywords were used for the search: COVID-19, SARS-Cov2, elderly, preventive measures, coronavirus, pandemic. Results. From 9 articles consulted and from the aforementioned official sources, the main axes were analyzed in relation to the economic and labor situation, health, as well as the general risk factors for the population and specific for the elderly. The main risk factors found are advanced age, comorbidities present in this population group, dementing illnesses, as well as social factors such as age discrimination and stereotypes regarding the dependency and frailty of older people. Prevention of COVID-19 in older adults should include psychosocial care in addition to specific containment and care. Conclusions. Older adults make up the group with the greatest negative impact due to SARS-Cov2, COVID- 19, their vulnerability to this pandemic comes not only from their age, but also due to the economic, work situation and diseases associated with their age, their loneliness gives them greater risk since you have to go out to look for your food, if you do not support them the impact on your health will undoubtedly be negative.