Train drain? Access to skilled foreign workers and firms’ provision of training

M. Oswald-Egg, Michael Siegenthaler
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Does better access to skilled workers reduce firms' willingness to provide general skills training to unskilled workers? We analyze how the gradual opening of the Swiss labor market to workers from the European Union affected the number of apprenticeship positions that firms provide. We exploit that the availability of skilled workers increased more in firms close to the border because they gained unrestricted access to cross-border workers from neighboring countries. Our Difference-in-Differences estimates suggest that firm-provided training and access to skilled workers are not necessarily substitutes: opening the borders did not have a statistically significant effect on apprenticeship provision. We show theoretically and empirically that the small impact was the consequence of two opposing effects: the greater availability of skilled workers reduced firms' incentive to train because the cost of hiring external labor fell. Positive impacts on firm growth worked in the opposite direction.
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火车流失?获得熟练的外国工人和公司提供的培训
获得熟练工人的机会是否降低了企业为非熟练工人提供一般技能培训的意愿?我们分析了瑞士劳动力市场对欧盟工人的逐步开放如何影响企业提供的学徒职位数量。我们发现,靠近边境的公司技术工人的可用性增加更多,因为它们可以不受限制地从邻国获得跨境工人。我们的“差异中的差异”估计表明,企业提供的培训和获得熟练工人并不一定是相互替代的:开放边境对学徒制的提供没有统计学上的显著影响。我们从理论和经验上表明,这种小影响是两种相反效应的结果:技术工人的增加降低了企业培训的动机,因为雇佣外部劳动力的成本下降了。对企业增长的积极影响是相反的。
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