Modelo conceptual de fertilización nitrogenada para maiz (Zea mays L.) en Veracruz, México

Abstract

The nutrient balance is an approach to generate fertilization recommendations, which requires less resources and time for its implementation. It is based on the fact that the fertilization dose depends on the nutrient demand by the crop, the nutrient supply by the soil and the efficiency of recovery of the nutrient applied as fertilizer. The objective was to evaluate the conceptual model of fertilization to generate nitrogen doses in corn on the Gulf Coast of Mexico. This consisted of the balance between crop nitrogen demand minus soil nitrogen supply and fertilizer efficiency in four treatments (VS-536 and V-537 C with and without fertilizer). The physiotechnical parameters evaluated in the locations of Jamapa, Paso Real and El Rincon, in the municipality of Jamapa, Veracruz were: crop demand, soil nutrient supply and fertilizer efficiency. Nitrogen demand with fertilizer was statistically superior to that without fertilizer; supply in both treatments was statistically similar. Nitrogen fertilizer efficiency was less than 50% at all three locations. Nitrogen doses estimated with the conceptual model were different in the three locations (Jamapa 85, Rincon 55, and Paso Real 72 of kg N ha-1, respectively) compared to the applied dose (150 kg N ha-1), representing an overfertilization of 44%, 64% and 52% for Jamapa, Rincon and Paso Real. It is concluded that this model allowed the generation of adequate doses of nitrogen in less time and with a lower investment.