24-hour recall for parent-reporting of children’s food intake

Diogo Branco, Sérgio Alves, Hugo Simão, Ana Gomes, Ana C. Pires, Maria Barroso, J. Sousa, Luis A. M. Barros, T. Guerreiro
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Abstract

Recently, we have witnessed an emergence of digital behaviour change applications, particularly in the areas of fitness and nutrition. Digital platforms promise several benefits over their paper-based counterparts, particularly in collecting information from users and in the personalized delivery of notifications and contents. One crucial aspect for nutritional behaviour change is capturing the user’s food intake, which is normally achieved through 24-hour food recall, i.e., reporting everything people ingest. Past instruments have focused on self-reporting, mostly performed by adults. In this work, we co-designed, within a team of computer scientists, dietists, psychologists, and parents, how the latter could report their children’s food intake through an application. One particular challenge of third-party reporting is having an incomplete picture or not being fully available to report when intake is taking place. Another challenge was how to report food intake quantities. We decided to go with an already validated approach that measures food portions using children’s hands. Different food had different ways of reporting, e.g., fruits and vegetables were reported using fists and handfuls. After an iterative process, we created a standard for each portion. Parents had to choose between full, three quarters, half, and one-quarter of a portion. We evaluated our prototype in a preliminary study (4 weeks free-living usage, with logging, plus interview) with 5 parents. We found a constant need to reduce the burden (even more than when self-reporting), allow more flexibility, and simplify the steps for parents while reporting their children’s food intake. Parents highlighted the difficulty to fill in the report in the requested time. From those insights, we decided to reduce the number of days to report, allow extra opportunities to continue within the program, improve the tutorial for portions and how to measure them, and allow parents to decide the day of reporting.
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24小时召回家长报告儿童食物摄入情况
最近,我们目睹了数字行为改变应用程序的出现,特别是在健身和营养领域。与纸质平台相比,数字平台有几个优势,特别是在收集用户信息和个性化发送通知和内容方面。营养行为改变的一个关键方面是捕捉用户的食物摄入量,这通常是通过24小时的食物召回来实现的,即报告人们摄入的所有东西。过去的工具主要侧重于自我报告,主要由成年人执行。在这项工作中,我们在一个由计算机科学家、营养师、心理学家和父母组成的团队中共同设计了如何通过应用程序报告孩子的食物摄入量。第三方报告的一个特别的挑战是,当摄取发生时,没有一个不完整的图片或不完全可用来报告。另一个挑战是如何报告食物摄入量。我们决定采用一种已经得到验证的方法,即用孩子的手来测量食物的分量。不同的食物有不同的报告方式,例如,水果和蔬菜用拳头和一把来报告。经过一个迭代过程,我们为每个部分创建了一个标准。家长们必须在全份、四分之三份、一半份和四分之一份之间做出选择。我们在与5位家长的初步研究中评估了我们的原型(4周的自由生活使用,记录和访谈)。我们发现,不断需要减轻负担(甚至比自我报告更多),允许更多的灵活性,并简化父母在报告孩子的食物摄入量时的步骤。家长们强调了在要求的时间内填写报告的困难。根据这些见解,我们决定减少报告的天数,允许额外的机会在项目中继续进行,改进部分教程以及如何衡量它们,并允许家长决定报告的日期。
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