Comparison of sensors for contactless detection of void behind concrete using stress waves

H. Noshahri, Y. Wijnant, Catalin Cernat, E. Dertien, L. O. Scholtenhuis
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Abstract

Detecting voids in pipe surroundings is essential to structural condition assessment of concrete sewer pipelines. Impact-echo is a non-destructive testing method that can be used for this purpose. This method works based on exciting the surface of concrete and using a contact-based sensor to monitor the propagation of the resulting stress waves. However, the presence of deposits and humidity inside the sewer pipe makes establishing a contact between the sensor and the pipe wall very difficult. Therefore, the goal of this study is to compare the performance of contactless sensors for this application. Specifically, we assess how microphones, laser vibrometers, and particle velocity meters support void detection. To this end, we first investigate the requirements for excitation of stress waves in the concrete in terms of impact duration and energy. Next, we suggest a data analysis method for void detection based on the difference in the acoustic impedances of concrete, sand, and air. Both numerical modeling and experimental results show the supremacy of microphones in detecting voids behind concrete. We suggest that future studies conduct in-situ experiments to explore how pipe wall reflections and noise influence the performance of a microphone in detecting voids surrounding the concrete sewer pipes.
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利用应力波对混凝土后方空隙进行非接触检测的传感器比较
管道周围空隙的检测是混凝土下水管道结构状态评估的重要内容。冲击回波是一种无损检测方法,可用于此目的。这种方法的工作原理是激发混凝土表面,并使用基于接触的传感器来监测产生的应力波的传播。然而,下水道管道内沉积物和湿度的存在使得传感器和管壁之间建立接触非常困难。因此,本研究的目的是比较非接触式传感器在此应用中的性能。具体来说,我们评估了麦克风、激光测振仪和粒子速度仪如何支持空洞探测。为此,我们首先从冲击持续时间和能量两个方面研究了混凝土中应力波激发的要求。接下来,我们提出了一种基于混凝土、沙子和空气声阻抗差异的空洞检测数据分析方法。数值模拟和实验结果都表明,麦克风在检测混凝土背后空隙方面具有优势。我们建议未来的研究进行原位实验,以探索管壁反射和噪声如何影响麦克风探测混凝土下水管道周围空隙的性能。
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