Clinical case report: Chronic kidney disease and ESKD (End stage kidney disease)

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease include fibrosis, loss of renal cells and infiltration of renal tissue by monocytes and macrophages. The pathophysiology may include protein uria, hypoxia and excessive angiotensive II production. Hypoxia also contributes to disease progression. The disease has a vast number of clinical manifestations which include abnormalities in laboratory tests, hypertension, fatigue and poor appetite. There are five stages of CKD and in stage 5 the full blown clinical manifestations of end -stage renal disease are evident.Medical this disease can be managed by:1. Controlling blood pressure. 2. Managing blood glucose level to maintain HbA1c below 7%. 3. Managing hyperlipidemia with diet and cholesterol lowering drugs. 3. Managing and treating emerging manifestations of renal failure. 4. Prepare clients for renal replacement therapy when necessary. Patients condition (general condition) was fair, GCS 15/15,but had ineffective coping strategies, he was very much worried about his condition & renal transplant. He was not satisfied about the treatment received. Doctors have planned to discharge him till they arrange a donor for kidney.