What’s under green? Eco-populism and eco-fascism in the climate crisis

Iván Escobar Fernández, Heidi Hart
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Abstract

The ongoing environmental crisis has prompted various groups, organizations, and political parties to develop new strategies for addressing this global challenge. In this context, eco-populist actors, organizations, and parties are playing a key role in challenging the current exploitative capitalist system. However, it is important to note that eco-populist movements can differ significantly from one another. This article aims to distinguish between two contemporary but distinct movements: eco-populism and eco-fascism. To accomplish this, the terms "populism" and "eco-populism" will be conceptualized and analyzed, and the ideological deviations that eco-populism has undergone will be explained. The article will then provide brief case studies that showcase both eco-populist and eco-fascist events. By examining these examples, we will strive to identify the main similarities and differences between these two movements. Our conclusion will be that, despite sharing some features, eco-fascist movements tend to be more violent and nativist than eco-populist movements.
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绿色下面是什么?气候危机中的生态民粹主义和生态法西斯主义
持续的环境危机促使各种团体、组织和政党制定新的战略来应对这一全球性挑战。在这种背景下,生态民粹主义行动者、组织和政党在挑战当前的剥削性资本主义制度方面发挥着关键作用。然而,重要的是要注意到生态民粹主义运动可能彼此之间有很大的不同。本文旨在区分两个当代但截然不同的运动:生态民粹主义和生态法西斯主义。为此,本文将对“民粹主义”和“生态民粹主义”这两个术语进行概念化和分析,并对生态民粹主义所经历的意识形态偏差进行解释。然后,本文将提供简要的案例研究,展示生态民粹主义和生态法西斯事件。通过研究这些例子,我们将努力找出这两个运动之间的主要相似点和不同点。我们的结论是,尽管生态法西斯运动有一些共同的特点,但它们比生态民粹主义运动更倾向于暴力和本土主义。
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