Filsafat Ilmu dan Pengembangan Metode Ilmiah

Abstract

There is a close relationship between the philosophy of science and the development of the scientific method. Philosophy of science is inseparable from scientific rules relating to the scientific method used, and the scientific method is the key word in science. In order for a science to have an object and scientific method, it must meet several requirements which include the following dimensions/aspects. namely: (1) the ontological aspect (2) the epistemological aspect (3) the axiological aspect. The mindset in the scientific approach consists of an inductive mindset and a deductive mindset. The steps in the scientific method include: Formulating problems, conducting literature studies, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting data, and drawing conclusions. In the philosophical world, there are several schools and paradigms related to research, namely the views of positivism, post-positivism, constructivism and pragmatism. These four views or schools have an influence on research philosophy, leading to qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methods. The philosophy of science plays an important role in the development of the scientific method which can be seen from the implications and contributions in the development of the scientific method, namely first, the philosophy of science provides guidelines for someone to distinguish between all scientific and non-scientific problems, so that a solution is found for these problems. Second, the function of the philosophy of science in the development of the scientific method can provide a logical study of every science in the field and can provide a clear orientation and value for each discipline. Third, through the philosophy of science, instructions are found with reflective methods as well as research and reasoning so that a person can balance between logic, experience, ratio and religion in achieving a prosperous life. Fourth, the philosophy of science provides the basis for the scientific method, because the scientific method developed must be accountable logically and rationally, so that it can be used in general.