Analysis of the Risk Degrees of the Presence of Neoplasms in the Mammary Glands in Women of Mature and Elderly Age according to the Data of Screening Mammography

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to find out the frequency of manifestation of pathological changes in the mammary glands during screening mammographic examination in a randomized sample of mature and elderly women. Materials and methods. According to the results of the processing of a randomized sample of archival anonymized mammograms of 100 women (50 – mature and 50 – elderly) who underwent a screening or preventive examination, the state of breast condition was assessed according to the BI-RADS scale in accordance with the degree of risk of the presence of mammary gland neoplasms, using the following assessment categories: 0 – incomplete study (additional examination is required); 1 – negative (no neoplasm detected); 2 – benign changes. Results and discussion. It was established that among mature and elderly women undergoing screening or preventive mammographic examinations, in 19% only age changes in the mammary gland were verified. Benign changes in the form of calcifications, calcified vessels, axillary or intramammary lymph nodes without metastatic signs of degeneration, which correspond to category 2 on the BI-RADS scale, were found in one mammary gland or bilaterally in 72% of the examined individuals. 28% of examined mature and elderly women need additional examination to verify the diagnosis. It was established that among mature and elderly women, according to mammography data, categories 1 and 2 on the BI-RADS scale are more often manifested on the right, category 0 – on the left, and the frequency of manifestation of changes corresponding to category 0 on the BI-RADS scale among the elderly increases comparing to mature. Studying the frequency of detection of pathological changes in mammary gland during screening examinations in randomized samples can become a theoretical basis for forecasting the dynamics of mammary gland incidence in women of different age groups, identifying risk groups and developing preventive measures for mammary gland pathology of various genesis and methods of its early diagnosis. Conclusion. Among mature and elderly women undergoing screening or preventive mammographic examinations, only age-related changes were verified in the mammary glands in only 19%, and changes which are verified as benign or require additional examination were detected in 81%. According to the results of mammography, 28% of examined mature and elderly women need additional examination to verify the diagnosis. Among mature and elderly women in a randomized sample, according to mammography data, categories 1 and 2 on the BI-RADS scale are more often manifested on the right, category 0 – on the left. The frequency of manifestation of changes corresponding to category 0 on the BI-RADS scale among the elderly increases compared to the mature