ROLE OF WAQF PROPERTIES IN THE HISTORY OF TURKESTAN

Abstract

The main purpose of the article is to provide information about the waqf documents for real estate provided to mosques and madrassas, money amounts for land plots with signatures of officials and representatives of various segments of the population in Turkestan, in particular, Bukhara, Samarkand, Khiva, Khorezm, Tashkent. It is known that the proceeds from waqfs were used to repair, restore and maintain mosques and madrasahs, to pay monthly wages to muezzins and imams, as well as scholarships for madrasah students. Methodology: the study used the methods of historical and comparative-comparative analysis. Currently, the archives contain thousands of waqf letters created in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. As a result of studying these waqf letters, you can get detailed information about how many donations were made to a particular mosque or madrasah, who made them, where, and by whom they were signed. Referring to various historical documents, we are convinced that with the arrival of Islam in Central Asia, land, caravanserais, shops, baths, mills, and other profitable real estates, as well as money and books, became objects of waqf. In the first centuries of the spread of Islam on the territory of the present Namangan region, slaves, cattle, and tools, which are an integral part of agriculture, were presented as waqfs. Later they dropped out of the use of waqfs. In Fergana, and later in the Kokand Khanate, the khans did not use the profit from the waqf lands, but the land tax (hiraj and tanop). The article is devoted to the analysis of historical documents concerning waqfs, peculiarities of waqfs, as well as statistical data concerning Islamic architectural monuments of waqfs. In conclusion, it was concluded that many mosques and madrassahs were built and existed on the basis of wakf donations thanks to the generosity of representatives of our people.