Navigating the wildland-urban interface: Sensory pollution and infrastructure effects on mule deer behavior and connectivity

IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Basic and Applied Ecology Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI:10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.002
Mark A. Ditmer , Neil H. Carter , Kent R. Hersey , Martin Leclerc , George Wittemyer , David C. Stoner
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Abstract

Climate and land-use change are modifying the availability of food and water resources, which is driving more wildlife to the wildland-urban interface. For many wildlife populations, use of these areas still requires habitat connectivity both within the interface and/or to wildland habitats. However, navigating these areas can be difficult due to human development and sensory pollutants, such as artificial night light. Determining how these components of urbanization influence the behaviors and functional connectivity of species is important for managing wildlife within these mixed-use landscapes. Here we used a movescape approach based on graph theory to characterize functional uses of the landscape using metrics for behavior, connectivity, and space use intensity. We found that mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; n = 43) functional uses of anthropogenic landscapes in the Intermountain West, USA, were dependent not only on physical barriers, terrain, and sensory factors, but also the local levels of light exposure and vegetative greenness. Remotely sensed artificial light levels had a strong influence on how mule deer used the landscape by reducing the intensity of use in the most illuminated areas given forage availability. In contrast, relatively high local light levels were associated with increased use intensity within less developed areas—highlighting the foraging tradeoffs for species using the wildland-urban interface. Corridor use was reduced in areas where road and housing density were higher, and within-corridor movement was faster when artificial light was high and vegetative greenness was low. Developing a more mechanistic understanding of how species functionally use the landscape in relation to features of urbanization can enhance conservation by delineating areas important for connectivity and foraging, while providing insights into how future development and climate change may alter movement and behavior. Spatially-explicit estimates of functional uses can directly guide management decisions to maintain species resiliency and improve land-use planning.

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导航荒地-城市界面:感官污染和基础设施对骡鹿行为和连通性的影响
气候和土地利用的变化正在改变食物和水资源的可用性,这使得更多的野生动物来到荒地和城市的交界处。对于许多野生动物种群来说,使用这些区域仍然需要在界面内和/或与野生动物栖息地的栖息地连通性。然而,由于人类的发展和人工夜光等感官污染物,在这些区域导航可能会很困难。确定城市化的这些组成部分如何影响物种的行为和功能连通性,对于管理这些混合用途景观中的野生动物非常重要。在这里,我们使用了基于图论的movescape方法,使用行为、连通性和空间使用强度等指标来描述景观的功能用途。我们发现骡鹿(Odocoileus hemionus;n = 43)美国西部山间地带人为景观的功能利用不仅取决于物理屏障、地形和感官因素,还取决于当地的光照水平和植被绿化程度。遥感人工光照水平对骡鹿如何利用景观产生了强烈影响,在光照最充足的地区降低了使用强度。相比之下,相对较高的局部光照水平与欠发达地区的利用强度增加有关,这突出了利用荒地-城市界面的物种的觅食权衡。在道路和住房密度较高的地区,走廊的使用减少,而在人工光照高、植被绿化率低的地区,走廊内的移动速度更快。对物种如何利用与城市化特征相关的景观进行更机械的理解,可以通过描绘对连通性和觅食重要的区域来加强保护,同时提供对未来发展和气候变化如何改变运动和行为的见解。功能用途的空间明确估计可以直接指导管理决策,以保持物种弹性和改善土地利用规划。
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来源期刊
Basic and Applied Ecology
Basic and Applied Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
10.6 weeks
期刊介绍: Basic and Applied Ecology provides a forum in which significant advances and ideas can be rapidly communicated to a wide audience. Basic and Applied Ecology publishes original contributions, perspectives and reviews from all areas of basic and applied ecology. Ecologists from all countries are invited to publish ecological research of international interest in its pages. There is no bias with regard to taxon or geographical area.
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