Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献

Recoupling terrestrial, benthic and pelagic habitats by constructing littoral zones diversifies carbon flows to aquatic macroinvertebrates 通过构建滨海带，将陆地、底栖和远洋栖息地重新连接起来，使水生大型无脊椎动物的碳流多样化

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.003

C.H.A. van Leeuwen , H.G. van der Geest , J. Bom , J.J. de Leeuw , L.F.J. Tack , G.H. van Beilen , J.A. Vonk

Shoreline restoration measures are increasingly implemented to stimulate biodiversity recovery in degraded lake ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanisms of observed recovery processes often remain disclosed. Here, we mechanistically studied how the creation of littoral shorelines in a degraded pelagic-driven lake affected fluxes of organic material across shoreline gradients, which are known to be essential for the functioning of aquatic food webs. We assessed how new connections among habitat types (dry shorelines, littoral zones and the limnetic water column) affected carbon fluxes in the food web of the 70.000 ha large shallow turbid lake Markermeer (the Netherlands), to which 16% of soft sediment littoral shoreline was added by constructing 1300 ha of wetland islands in 2016. Development of islands and littoral habitats with water less than 1.5 m deep improved underwater light conditions compared to the surrounding turbid limnetic habitats of ∼4 m deep, and therefore stimulated benthic primary producers. Field monitoring and stable isotope analyses revealed increases of benthic primary production and of organic material fluxes from the shoreline into the pelagic zone, which both stimulated the macroinvertebrate diversity. During the early phase of the restoration project (<8 years) benthic primary production transferred best to higher trophic levels compared to carbon-rich terrestrial material, likely due to the relatively higher quality of benthic food for macroinvertebrates. We conclude that the creation of sheltered shallow habitats in limnetic-dominated lakes can diversify carbon fluxes among habitats which stimulates the base of the aquatic food web. This makes lake restoration via re-coupling of terrestrial, pelagic and benthic habitats an effective forward-looking restoration measure for degraded monotonous lake ecosystems.

在退化的湖泊生态系统中，越来越多地实施岸线恢复措施来刺激生物多样性的恢复。然而，观察到的恢复过程的潜在机制往往仍然是公开的。在这里，我们从机制上研究了在一个退化的远洋驱动的湖泊中，沿海海岸线的形成是如何影响有机物质在海岸线梯度上的通量的，而有机物质对水生食物网的功能至关重要。我们评估了栖息地类型（干海岸线、滨海地带和沼泽水柱）之间的新联系如何影响7万公顷的大型浅水浑浊湖Markermeer（荷兰）食物网中的碳通量。2016年，通过建造1300公顷的湿地岛屿，Markermeer湖增加了16%的软沉积物滨海海岸线。与周围约4米深的浑浊沼泽生境相比，水深小于1.5米的岛屿和沿海生境的发展改善了水下光照条件，因此刺激了底栖初级生产者。野外监测和稳定同位素分析表明，底栖生物初级产量和从海岸线到远洋区的有机物质通量增加，这两者都刺激了大型无脊椎动物的多样性。在恢复项目的早期阶段（8年），与富含碳的陆地物质相比，底栖生物初级生产最好地转移到更高的营养水平，这可能是由于大型无脊椎动物的底栖生物食物质量相对较高。我们的结论是，在以石灰质为主的湖泊中建立受保护的浅生境可以使生境之间的碳通量多样化，从而刺激水生食物网的基础。这使得通过陆地、远洋和底栖生物栖息地的再耦合来恢复湖泊成为退化的单调湖泊生态系统的有效的前瞻性恢复措施。

{"title":"Recoupling terrestrial, benthic and pelagic habitats by constructing littoral zones diversifies carbon flows to aquatic macroinvertebrates","authors":"C.H.A. van Leeuwen , H.G. van der Geest , J. Bom , J.J. de Leeuw , L.F.J. Tack , G.H. van Beilen , J.A. Vonk","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shoreline restoration measures are increasingly implemented to stimulate biodiversity recovery in degraded lake ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanisms of observed recovery processes often remain disclosed. Here, we mechanistically studied how the creation of littoral shorelines in a degraded pelagic-driven lake affected fluxes of organic material across shoreline gradients, which are known to be essential for the functioning of aquatic food webs. We assessed how new connections among habitat types (dry shorelines, littoral zones and the limnetic water column) affected carbon fluxes in the food web of the 70.000 ha large shallow turbid lake Markermeer (the Netherlands), to which 16% of soft sediment littoral shoreline was added by constructing 1300 ha of wetland islands in 2016. Development of islands and littoral habitats with water less than 1.5 m deep improved underwater light conditions compared to the surrounding turbid limnetic habitats of ∼4 m deep, and therefore stimulated benthic primary producers. Field monitoring and stable isotope analyses revealed increases of benthic primary production and of organic material fluxes from the shoreline into the pelagic zone, which both stimulated the macroinvertebrate diversity. During the early phase of the restoration project (<8 years) benthic primary production transferred best to higher trophic levels compared to carbon-rich terrestrial material, likely due to the relatively higher quality of benthic food for macroinvertebrates. We conclude that the creation of sheltered shallow habitats in limnetic-dominated lakes can diversify carbon fluxes among habitats which stimulates the base of the aquatic food web. This makes lake restoration via re-coupling of terrestrial, pelagic and benthic habitats an effective forward-looking restoration measure for degraded monotonous lake ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of duration and intensity of artificial light at night on life history, mating, food consumption, and chemical surface profiles of a leaf beetle species 夜间人造光持续时间和强度对叶甲虫生活史、交配、食物消耗和化学表面特征的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.002

Sandra Regina Lang , Oskar Scherer , Rabea Schweiger , Caroline Müller

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a global change factor of rapidly growing importance. It has been linked to various changes in species physiology, behaviour, communication, and life history. While most studies compared absence vs. presence of ALAN, there is a demand for studies testing several light scenarios (ALAN durations, intensities) in parallel to decipher potential dose-response relationships. In this study, we assessed the impact of different durations (part-night, continuous) and intensities (low = 5 lx, high = 50 lx) of ALAN on life history, mating, and food consumption, as well as on adult chemical surface profiles of the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae. Insects were individually housed in separate compartments, being illuminated with digital LEDs. Only individuals exposed to continuous ALAN of high intensity showed a prolonged development until adulthood, indicating a response threshold. More time spent in the sensitive larval stage may enhance the mortality risk. We found no effect of ALAN on other life history, mating, and consumption traits, including survival, body mass, mating latency, egg number, hatching rate, and food consumption indices. However, ALAN modulated the chemical surface profiles of adult females and males, analysed by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionisation detector. Altered chemical profiles may impair the intraspecific communication. Our results suggest that part-night lighting and dimming strategies, ideally combined with provisioning dark refuges, may reduce harmful ALAN effects.

夜间人造光（ALAN）是一个日益重要的全球性变化因素。它与物种生理、行为、交流和生活史的各种变化有关。虽然大多数研究比较了ALAN的缺失与存在，但仍需要研究并行测试几种轻度情景（ALAN持续时间、强度），以破译潜在的剂量-反应关系。在本研究中，我们评估了不同持续时间（半夜间、连续）和强度（低= 5 lx，高= 50 lx）的ALAN对耳蜗叶甲生活史、交配和食物消耗以及成虫化学表面特征的影响。昆虫被单独安置在不同的隔间里，用数字led照明。只有连续暴露于高强度ALAN的个体，其发育才会延长至成年期，这表明存在反应阈值。在敏感幼虫期停留的时间越长，可能会增加死亡风险。我们发现ALAN对其他生活史、交配和消费性状（包括存活率、体重、交配潜伏期、卵数、孵化率和食物消费指标）没有影响。然而，ALAN调节了成年女性和男性的化学表面特征，通过气相色谱法和火焰电离检测器进行了分析。化学特征的改变可能会损害种内的交流。我们的研究结果表明，夜间照明和调光策略，理想地与提供黑暗避难所相结合，可以减少有害的ALAN效应。

{"title":"Impacts of duration and intensity of artificial light at night on life history, mating, food consumption, and chemical surface profiles of a leaf beetle species","authors":"Sandra Regina Lang , Oskar Scherer , Rabea Schweiger , Caroline Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a global change factor of rapidly growing importance. It has been linked to various changes in species physiology, behaviour, communication, and life history. While most studies compared absence <em>vs.</em> presence of ALAN, there is a demand for studies testing several light scenarios (ALAN durations, intensities) in parallel to decipher potential dose-response relationships. In this study, we assessed the impact of different durations (part-night, continuous) and intensities (low = 5 lx, high = 50 lx) of ALAN on life history, mating, and food consumption, as well as on adult chemical surface profiles of the leaf beetle <em>Phaedon cochleariae</em>. Insects were individually housed in separate compartments, being illuminated with digital LEDs. Only individuals exposed to continuous ALAN of high intensity showed a prolonged development until adulthood, indicating a response threshold. More time spent in the sensitive larval stage may enhance the mortality risk. We found no effect of ALAN on other life history, mating, and consumption traits, including survival, body mass, mating latency, egg number, hatching rate, and food consumption indices. However, ALAN modulated the chemical surface profiles of adult females and males, analysed by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionisation detector. Altered chemical profiles may impair the intraspecific communication. Our results suggest that part-night lighting and dimming strategies, ideally combined with provisioning dark refuges, may reduce harmful ALAN effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not all pollinisers are equal: donor identity shapes fruit set, weight, and seed quality in apples 并不是所有的传粉者都是一样的：供体的身份决定了苹果果实的大小、重量和种子的质量

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.015

Karen C.B.S. Santos, Blake M. Dawson, Lachlan C. Jones, Erandi Wijesinghe, Lucie Martin, Romina Rader

Animal-mediated pollination in cross-compatible crops depends not only on pollinator activity but also on the compatibility and performance of pollen donors. Such intraspecific interactions can influence reproductive success through xenia effects, yet empirical evidence from field studies remains limited. We tested how pollen donor identity affects fruit set, fruit weight, and seed quality in two major apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.), Pink Lady and Royal Gala, using controlled hand-pollination experiments in commercial orchards in Stanthorpe, Australia. Each cultivar was pollinated with multiple donor cultivars alongside self-pollination, spontaneous selfing, emasculation, and open pollination controls. Donor identity significantly affected all reproductive outcomes. In Pink Lady, Kanzi pollen produced the highest fruit set, heaviest fruit, and greatest proportion of well-formed seeds, while in Royal Gala, Red Delicious, Pink Lady and Granny Smith donors performed best. Patterns of reproductive success generally aligned with S-allele compatibility. Pollinisers that did not share S-alleles with the recipient (e.g., Kanzi for Pink Lady, Red Delicious or Granny Smith for Royal Gala) yielded higher fruit set and/or fruit weight, whereas some partially compatible pairs produced smaller fruit or lower seed quality. Notably, high proportion of fruit set or high seed set did not always translate into larger fruit, indicating a decoupling of fertilisation and fruit growth responses. These findings demonstrate that not all compatible (or partially compatible) cultivars are equally effective pollinisers, and selecting high-performing pollen donors and ensuring flowering synchrony can enhance productivity and fruit quality in apple orchards. Pollen donor identity may be an overlooked driver of yield and quality in apple production, with implications for the ecological understanding of conspecific pollen transfer and the applied optimisation of cultivar combinations in orchards. Policies and extension services should support growers in revisiting polliniser choices based on field performance rather than relying solely on historical compatibility charts.

杂交亲和性作物的动物传粉不仅取决于传粉者的活动，还取决于花粉供体的相容性和表现。这种种内相互作用可以通过异种效应影响繁殖成功，但来自实地研究的经验证据仍然有限。在澳大利亚斯坦索普的商业果园中，通过对照手工授粉实验，研究了花粉供体身份对两个主要苹果品种（Malus domestica Borkh.）粉红女士（Pink Lady）和皇家Gala的坐果、果实重量和种子质量的影响。每个品种都用多个供体品种授粉，同时进行自花授粉、自发自交、去雄和开放授粉对照。供体身份显著影响所有生殖结果。在Pink Lady中，Kanzi花粉产生最高的坐果量、最重的果实和最大比例的成熟种子，而在Royal Gala中，Red Delicious、Pink Lady和Granny Smith的供体表现最好。繁殖成功的模式通常与s等位基因的相容性一致。与接受者没有相同s等位基因的传粉者（例如，粉色女士的Kanzi，红色美味或皇家晚会的Granny Smith）产生更高的坐果和/或果实重量，而一些部分相容的配对产生较小的果实或较低的种子质量。值得注意的是，高坐果比例或高结实率并不总是转化为更大的果实，这表明受精和果实生长响应的脱钩。这些发现表明，并不是所有的亲和性（或部分亲和性）品种都是同样有效的传粉者，选择高性能的花粉供体和确保开花同步可以提高苹果园的生产力和果实质量。在苹果生产中，花粉供体身份可能是一个被忽视的产量和质量驱动因素，对同种花粉传递的生态学理解和果园栽培组合的应用优化具有重要意义。政策和推广服务应支持种植者根据田间表现重新考虑传粉者的选择，而不是仅仅依赖历史兼容性图表。

{"title":"Not all pollinisers are equal: donor identity shapes fruit set, weight, and seed quality in apples","authors":"Karen C.B.S. Santos, Blake M. Dawson, Lachlan C. Jones, Erandi Wijesinghe, Lucie Martin, Romina Rader","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal-mediated pollination in cross-compatible crops depends not only on pollinator activity but also on the compatibility and performance of pollen donors. Such intraspecific interactions can influence reproductive success through xenia effects, yet empirical evidence from field studies remains limited. We tested how pollen donor identity affects fruit set, fruit weight, and seed quality in two major apple cultivars (<em>Malus domestica</em> Borkh<em>.</em>), Pink Lady and Royal Gala, using controlled hand-pollination experiments in commercial orchards in Stanthorpe, Australia. Each cultivar was pollinated with multiple donor cultivars alongside self-pollination, spontaneous selfing, emasculation, and open pollination controls. Donor identity significantly affected all reproductive outcomes. In Pink Lady, Kanzi pollen produced the highest fruit set, heaviest fruit, and greatest proportion of well-formed seeds, while in Royal Gala, Red Delicious, Pink Lady and Granny Smith donors performed best. Patterns of reproductive success generally aligned with S-allele compatibility. Pollinisers that did not share S-alleles with the recipient (e.g., Kanzi for Pink Lady, Red Delicious or Granny Smith for Royal Gala) yielded higher fruit set and/or fruit weight, whereas some partially compatible pairs produced smaller fruit or lower seed quality. Notably, high proportion of fruit set or high seed set did not always translate into larger fruit, indicating a decoupling of fertilisation and fruit growth responses. These findings demonstrate that not all compatible (or partially compatible) cultivars are equally effective pollinisers, and selecting high-performing pollen donors and ensuring flowering synchrony can enhance productivity and fruit quality in apple orchards. Pollen donor identity may be an overlooked driver of yield and quality in apple production, with implications for the ecological understanding of conspecific pollen transfer and the applied optimisation of cultivar combinations in orchards. Policies and extension services should support growers in revisiting polliniser choices based on field performance rather than relying solely on historical compatibility charts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of nonnative fishes on local contributions to beta diversity in United States freshwater fishes 非本地鱼类对美国淡水鱼类β多样性贡献的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.012

Congjun Xu , Jiping Li , Chenggong Du , Naisen Liu , Jun Xu , Wei Zhang , Guohuan Su

Biodiversity has become a central focus in ecological research, playing a critical role in biological conservation and environmental management. Beta diversity can be partitioned into Local Contributions to Beta Diversity (LCBD), a metric used to evaluate the site-specific conservation value of ecosystems. This study applied the LCBD framework to identify watersheds of high conservation value across spatial gradients in the U.S. freshwater fish communities, comparing compositional uniqueness before and after species invasions. Based on an extensive dataset spanning more than 800 freshwater fishes across 1873 communities, we employed Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) to quantify the key drivers underlying changes in LCBD. Our findings provide spatially explicit insights for invasion-related biodiversity conservation and management. The results revealed that, despite only minor shifts occurring in most watershed-level contributions, significant regional disparities emerged, notably in the western and eastern coast U.S. This was reflected in the sesLCBD range, which shifted from (-4.33, 4.95) historically to (-4.53, 6.68) at present. Watersheds with high nonnative species exhibited reduced LCBD. Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs) explained 69.12% of the deviance in sesLCBD changes and identified the percentage of nonnative species as the dominant driver. This relationship was nonlinear, with sesLCBD declines intensifying at higher invasion levels. Notably, the two watersheds with the highest proportions of nonnative species (83.3% and 82.9%) exhibited the substantial sesLCBD decreases of -3.71 and -3.79, respectively. These findings illuminate how nonnative species reshape freshwater biodiversity by modifying LCBD patterns, offering critical insights for conservation planning. We recommend prioritizing high-LCBD watersheds to maintain ecosystem functionality.

生物多样性已成为生态学研究的热点，在生物保护和环境管理中发挥着重要作用。Beta多样性可分为本地对Beta多样性的贡献（LCBD），这是一个用于评估生态系统特定地点保护价值的指标。本研究应用LCBD框架，在美国淡水鱼群落的不同空间梯度中识别具有高保护价值的流域，比较物种入侵前后的组成独特性。基于1873个群落中800多种淡水鱼的广泛数据集，我们采用提升回归树（BRT）来量化LCBD变化的关键驱动因素。我们的研究结果为入侵相关生物多样性保护和管理提供了空间明确的见解。结果表明，尽管大多数流域的贡献只发生了微小的变化，但显著的区域差异出现了，特别是在美国西部和东部沿海地区。这反映在sesLCBD范围内，从历史上的（-4.33,4.95）变化到目前的（-4.53,6.68）。非本地物种多的流域LCBD降低。增强回归树（boosting Regression Trees, BRTs）解释了69.12%的sesLCBD变化偏差，并确定了非本地物种的百分比是主要驱动因素。这种关系是非线性的，随着入侵水平的提高，sesLCBD下降加剧。值得注意的是，外源物种比例最高的两个流域（83.3%和82.9%）的sesLCBD分别下降了-3.71和-3.79。这些发现阐明了非本土物种如何通过改变LCBD模式来重塑淡水生物多样性，为保护规划提供了重要见解。我们建议优先考虑高lcbd流域，以维持生态系统功能。

{"title":"Impacts of nonnative fishes on local contributions to beta diversity in United States freshwater fishes","authors":"Congjun Xu , Jiping Li , Chenggong Du , Naisen Liu , Jun Xu , Wei Zhang , Guohuan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity has become a central focus in ecological research, playing a critical role in biological conservation and environmental management. Beta diversity can be partitioned into Local Contributions to Beta Diversity (LCBD), a metric used to evaluate the site-specific conservation value of ecosystems. This study applied the LCBD framework to identify watersheds of high conservation value across spatial gradients in the U.S. freshwater fish communities, comparing compositional uniqueness before and after species invasions. Based on an extensive dataset spanning more than 800 freshwater fishes across 1873 communities, we employed Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) to quantify the key drivers underlying changes in LCBD. Our findings provide spatially explicit insights for invasion-related biodiversity conservation and management. The results revealed that, despite only minor shifts occurring in most watershed-level contributions, significant regional disparities emerged, notably in the western and eastern coast U.S. This was reflected in the sesLCBD range, which shifted from (-4.33, 4.95) historically to (-4.53, 6.68) at present. Watersheds with high nonnative species exhibited reduced LCBD. Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs) explained 69.12% of the deviance in sesLCBD changes and identified the percentage of nonnative species as the dominant driver. This relationship was nonlinear, with sesLCBD declines intensifying at higher invasion levels. Notably, the two watersheds with the highest proportions of nonnative species (83.3% and 82.9%) exhibited the substantial sesLCBD decreases of -3.71 and -3.79, respectively. These findings illuminate how nonnative species reshape freshwater biodiversity by modifying LCBD patterns, offering critical insights for conservation planning. We recommend prioritizing high-LCBD watersheds to maintain ecosystem functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microhabitat structure modulates seed fate outcomes through differential effects on native and exotic rodent interactions in an endangered palm species 微生境结构通过对濒危棕榈物种的本地和外来啮齿动物相互作用的不同影响来调节种子命运的结果

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.014

Sebastián Cordero , Francisca Gálvez , Gastón O. Carvallo , Pedro Jordano , Francisco E. Fontúrbel

Microhabitat structure plays a critical role in rodent behavior and seed resource use, influencing plant population dynamics through shifts between positive and negative interaction outcomes. However, how microhabitat attributes affect the balance between these antagonistic (seed predation) and mutualistic (dispersal) outcomes remains poorly understood for many endangered plant species. Here, we examined how microhabitat structure influences seed-rodent interactions in Jubaea chilensis, an endangered palm endemic to central Chile, whose populations interact with both native and exotic rodent species across different vegetation types. We hypothesized that microhabitat structure, particularly vegetation cover across different habitat types, would significantly influence the dispersal-predation balance by affecting the composition and foraging behavior of native and exotic rodent species. We monitored seed use and rodent activity using feeding stations and camera traps, while assessing microhabitat attributes. We found that exotic rodents dominated forest formations with dense understory vegetation, while native species preferred open scrublands. Understory cover emerged as the strongest predictor of the dispersal-predation balance, with dense understory shifting outcomes toward predation over dispersal. Microhabitats with higher understory cover and leaf litter water retention consistently favored seed predation, while areas with greater canopy height promoted more favorable dispersal-predation outcomes. Our findings suggest that J. chilensis individuals experience unfavorable dispersal-predation balances in forest habitats dominated by exotic rodents, while scrubland formations provide more balanced outcomes, where native rodents perform crucial seed dispersal services. These findings highlight the importance of considering microhabitat structure and ecological context in conservation strategies aimed at enhancing palm recruitment success and population viability.

微生境结构在啮齿动物行为和种子资源利用中起着至关重要的作用，通过正、负相互作用结果的变化影响着植物种群动态。然而，对于许多濒危植物物种来说，微生境属性如何影响这些拮抗（种子捕食）和互惠（传播）结果之间的平衡仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了微生境结构如何影响Jubaea chilensis的种子-啮齿动物相互作用，Jubaea chilensis是智利中部特有的一种濒危棕榈树，其种群与不同植被类型的本地和外来啮齿动物相互作用。我们假设微生境结构，特别是不同生境类型的植被覆盖，会通过影响本地和外来啮齿动物的组成和觅食行为来显著影响分散-捕食平衡。利用摄食站和相机陷阱监测种子利用和鼠类活动，同时评估微生境属性。我们发现外来啮齿动物在林下植被茂密的森林中占主导地位，而本地物种更喜欢开阔的灌木丛。林下覆盖是最能预测分散-捕食平衡的指标，林下覆盖的密度使结果更倾向于捕食而不是分散。林下盖度和凋落叶含水量较高的微生境有利于种子捕食，而冠层高度较高的微生境有利于种子的分散捕食。我们的研究结果表明，在以外来啮齿动物为主的森林栖息地，辣椒个体经历了不利的分散-捕食平衡，而灌木丛形成提供了更平衡的结果，在那里，本土啮齿动物发挥了关键的种子传播服务。这些发现强调了在保护策略中考虑微生境结构和生态环境的重要性，旨在提高棕榈树的繁殖成功率和种群生存能力。

{"title":"Microhabitat structure modulates seed fate outcomes through differential effects on native and exotic rodent interactions in an endangered palm species","authors":"Sebastián Cordero , Francisca Gálvez , Gastón O. Carvallo , Pedro Jordano , Francisco E. Fontúrbel","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microhabitat structure plays a critical role in rodent behavior and seed resource use, influencing plant population dynamics through shifts between positive and negative interaction outcomes. However, how microhabitat attributes affect the balance between these antagonistic (seed predation) and mutualistic (dispersal) outcomes remains poorly understood for many endangered plant species. Here, we examined how microhabitat structure influences seed-rodent interactions in <em>Jubaea chilensis</em>, an endangered palm endemic to central Chile, whose populations interact with both native and exotic rodent species across different vegetation types. We hypothesized that microhabitat structure, particularly vegetation cover across different habitat types, would significantly influence the dispersal-predation balance by affecting the composition and foraging behavior of native and exotic rodent species. We monitored seed use and rodent activity using feeding stations and camera traps, while assessing microhabitat attributes. We found that exotic rodents dominated forest formations with dense understory vegetation, while native species preferred open scrublands. Understory cover emerged as the strongest predictor of the dispersal-predation balance, with dense understory shifting outcomes toward predation over dispersal. Microhabitats with higher understory cover and leaf litter water retention consistently favored seed predation, while areas with greater canopy height promoted more favorable dispersal-predation outcomes. Our findings suggest that <em>J. chilensis</em> individuals experience unfavorable dispersal-predation balances in forest habitats dominated by exotic rodents, while scrubland formations provide more balanced outcomes, where native rodents perform crucial seed dispersal services. These findings highlight the importance of considering microhabitat structure and ecological context in conservation strategies aimed at enhancing palm recruitment success and population viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bird species richness peaks at intermediate levels of farmland in wooded savannas and dry forests, but not in rainforests 鸟类物种丰富度在热带稀树草原和干燥森林的中等水平农田达到峰值，而在热带雨林中没有

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.013

Vera Soares , Maria João Canadas , Paulo Flores Ribeiro , Natasha Ribeiro , José Lima Santos

Despite widespread concern over farmland-driven biodiversity loss in tropical landscapes, the possibly non-linear response of species richness to farmland and the possible dependency of this response on biome remain poorly understood. Drawing on nationwide data about the occurrence of terrestrial bird species at the landscape level in Mozambique, we analysed the effects of farmland extent on species richness, globally threatened, large-range and open-habitat species. In the analysis of species richness, we allowed for non-linear effects and difference in patterns between the rainforest and the wooded savanna–dry forest biomes. According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, we found that species diversity peaks at an intermediate level of farmland in wooded savannas and dry forests. However, it monotonically declines with farmland in rainforests, ironically the biome used by Connell to illustrate this hypothesis. This difference across biomes reflects higher resilience of the biota of drier biomes to farmland expansion, possibly related to the role of fire and herbivory in their regulation. Our results confirm that trends in species richness do hide the decline of threatened species and the increase in widespread generalists with farmland extent, contributing to biotic homogenization. Richness alone is thus a poor early-warning indicator of biodiversity loss particularly in wooded savannas and dry forests where species richness initially rises with farmland. Our results emphasize that effective conservation in tropical landscapes requires biome-specific solutions and better indicators of biodiversity loss to guide policies aimed at protecting species richness in rainforests and avoiding biotic homogenization in wooded savannas and dry forests.

尽管人们普遍关注热带景观中由农田驱动的生物多样性丧失，但物种丰富度对农田的可能非线性响应以及这种响应对生物群系的可能依赖性仍然知之甚少。利用莫桑比克全国陆地鸟类景观数据，分析了农田面积对物种丰富度、全球濒危物种、大范围物种和开放栖息地物种的影响。在物种丰富度分析中，我们考虑了热带雨林与稀树草原-干旱林生物群落的非线性效应和模式差异。根据中间扰动假设，我们发现在稀树草原和干旱林中，物种多样性在农田的中间水平上达到峰值。然而，它单调地随着热带雨林农田的减少而减少，讽刺的是康奈尔用来说明这一假设的生物群系。不同生物群落间的这种差异反映了干旱生物群落对农田扩张具有更高的适应能力，这可能与火和草食在其调节中的作用有关。我们的研究结果证实，物种丰富度的趋势确实掩盖了受威胁物种的减少和广泛的通才物种随着农田面积的增加而增加，从而促进了生物同质化。因此，物种丰富度本身并不能作为生物多样性丧失的早期预警指标，特别是在树木繁茂的热带稀树草原和干旱森林，在这些地区，物种丰富度最初随着农田的增加而增加。我们的研究结果强调，有效的热带景观保护需要针对生物群系的解决方案和更好的生物多样性丧失指标，以指导旨在保护热带雨林物种丰富度和避免热带稀树草原和干燥森林生物同质化的政策。

{"title":"Bird species richness peaks at intermediate levels of farmland in wooded savannas and dry forests, but not in rainforests","authors":"Vera Soares , Maria João Canadas , Paulo Flores Ribeiro , Natasha Ribeiro , José Lima Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite widespread concern over farmland-driven biodiversity loss in tropical landscapes, the possibly non-linear response of species richness to farmland and the possible dependency of this response on biome remain poorly understood. Drawing on nationwide data about the occurrence of terrestrial bird species at the landscape level in Mozambique, we analysed the effects of farmland extent on species richness, globally threatened, large-range and open-habitat species. In the analysis of species richness, we allowed for non-linear effects and difference in patterns between the rainforest and the wooded savanna–dry forest biomes. According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, we found that species diversity peaks at an intermediate level of farmland in wooded savannas and dry forests. However, it monotonically declines with farmland in rainforests, ironically the biome used by Connell to illustrate this hypothesis. This difference across biomes reflects higher resilience of the biota of drier biomes to farmland expansion, possibly related to the role of fire and herbivory in their regulation. Our results confirm that trends in species richness do hide the decline of threatened species and the increase in widespread generalists with farmland extent, contributing to biotic homogenization. Richness alone is thus a poor early-warning indicator of biodiversity loss particularly in wooded savannas and dry forests where species richness initially rises with farmland. Our results emphasize that effective conservation in tropical landscapes requires biome-specific solutions and better indicators of biodiversity loss to guide policies aimed at protecting species richness in rainforests and avoiding biotic homogenization in wooded savannas and dry forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 36-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cichorioideae abundance and local land use drive Osmia leaiana pollen use in semi-natural grasslands 半自然草原拟毛蝇类的丰度和局部土地利用驱动毛蝇花粉利用

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.011

Evan Taylor Sloan , Jelle Devalez , Alexander Keller , Elisabeth Prangel , Aveliina Helm , Annika L. Hass , Catrin Westphal , Triin Reitalu , Hans Jacquemyn

Land-use change is a major driver of bee decline, with solitary and specialist bees being particularly vulnerable due to their nesting and foraging behavior. Understanding how local land use and management practices influence solitary bee resource use is therefore critical for informing conservation in fragmented ecosystems. In this study, we investigated brood cell number and pollen resource use of Osmia leaiana, a solitary bee specializing on Asteraceae, across a network of Estonian calcareous alvar grasslands. We hypothesized that due to the short foraging range of O. leaiana and its dependence on Asteraceae, local management variables such as grazing intensity, shrub cover, and tree cover, affect the taxonomic composition of nest-tube pollen provisions through their effects on local Asteraceae community composition. In addition, we predicted that higher Asteraceae abundance corresponds to greater brood cell production by increasing the availability of preferred resources. Nest blocks were deployed to sites that differed in the composition of the surrounding landscape, management, and plant community composition. Pollen metabarcoding of nest contents was used to assess floral resource use. While Asteraceae abundance did not affect brood cell number, higher proportions of cropland and forest had significant negative effects. Of all assessed variables, proportion of semi-natural grassland within 500 m, tree cover, and the abundance of the subfamily Cichorioideae within grassland patches significantly influenced the composition of pollen provisions. These results indicate that O. leaiana prefers a narrow subset of Asteraceae and primarily forages on plants locally available within semi-natural grasslands, while brood cell production decreased with increasing amounts of alternative land-use types in the surrounding landscape.

土地利用变化是蜜蜂数量减少的主要驱动因素，独居蜜蜂和专业蜜蜂由于筑巢和觅食行为而特别脆弱。因此，了解当地土地利用和管理做法如何影响独居蜜蜂资源的利用，对于为分散生态系统的保护提供信息至关重要。在本研究中，我们调查了爱沙尼亚钙质阿尔瓦草原网络中菊科独居蜜蜂Osmia leaiana的育雏细胞数量和花粉资源利用情况。我们推测，由于黄顶菊的觅食范围较短且依赖菊科植物，放牧强度、灌木覆盖和树木覆盖等局部管理变量通过影响菊科植物群落组成来影响其巢管花粉供应的分类组成。此外，我们预测较高的Asteraceae丰度通过增加首选资源的可用性来对应较高的育细胞产量。巢块被部署在周围景观、管理和植物群落组成不同的地点。利用巢内内容物花粉元条形码评价花资源利用情况。虽然菊科植物的丰度对育雏细胞数量没有影响，但较高比例的农田和森林对育雏细胞数量有显著的负面影响。在所有评估变量中，500 m范围内的半天然草地比例、树木覆盖度和草地斑块内菊苣亚科的丰度显著影响花粉供应的组成。这些结果表明，青花蓟马偏爱菊科植物的一小部分，主要以半自然草地内的本地可利用植物为食，而随着周围景观中可选择的土地利用类型的增加，育雏细胞产量下降。

{"title":"Cichorioideae abundance and local land use drive Osmia leaiana pollen use in semi-natural grasslands","authors":"Evan Taylor Sloan , Jelle Devalez , Alexander Keller , Elisabeth Prangel , Aveliina Helm , Annika L. Hass , Catrin Westphal , Triin Reitalu , Hans Jacquemyn","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land-use change is a major driver of bee decline, with solitary and specialist bees being particularly vulnerable due to their nesting and foraging behavior. Understanding how local land use and management practices influence solitary bee resource use is therefore critical for informing conservation in fragmented ecosystems. In this study, we investigated brood cell number and pollen resource use of <em>Osmia leaiana</em>, a solitary bee specializing on Asteraceae, across a network of Estonian calcareous alvar grasslands. We hypothesized that due to the short foraging range of <em>O. leaiana</em> and its dependence on Asteraceae, local management variables such as grazing intensity, shrub cover, and tree cover, affect the taxonomic composition of nest-tube pollen provisions through their effects on local Asteraceae community composition. In addition, we predicted that higher Asteraceae abundance corresponds to greater brood cell production by increasing the availability of preferred resources. Nest blocks were deployed to sites that differed in the composition of the surrounding landscape, management, and plant community composition. Pollen metabarcoding of nest contents was used to assess floral resource use. While Asteraceae abundance did not affect brood cell number, higher proportions of cropland and forest had significant negative effects. Of all assessed variables, proportion of semi-natural grassland within 500 m, tree cover, and the abundance of the subfamily Cichorioideae within grassland patches significantly influenced the composition of pollen provisions. These results indicate that <em>O. leaiana</em> prefers a narrow subset of Asteraceae and primarily forages on plants locally available within semi-natural grasslands, while brood cell production decreased with increasing amounts of alternative land-use types in the surrounding landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial distribution and climate dependency of the hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) in east Africa: Implications for conservation beyond protected areas 东非秃鹰（necrosytes monachus）的空间分布和气候依赖性：对保护区以外保护的启示

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.010

Laban Kayitete , Elie Sinayitutse , Matthew Dennis

The Hooded Vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) plays a vital role in environmental cleaning and disease control. However, its population is rapidly declining across its range, especially in East Africa. Despite conservation efforts invested in its protection, its spatial distribution in East Africa remains understudied. Utilising ensemble Species Distribution Models, this study leverages the response of N. monachus to bioclimatic factors, elevation, and land cover to predict the species' current distribution across Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, and assess potential climate change impacts. Findings reveal that only 11.813 % of the study area represents suitable habitat for N. monachus, with 35.954 % of this falling within protected areas. The Hooded Vulture exhibited strong dependence on climatic conditions, with variables of large influence to its distribution being isothermality, annual mean temperature, precipitation seasonality, elevation, and annual precipitation, while the urban land exhibited moderate influence. Climate change projections indicate regional habitat stability, but varying spatial and climatic pathway-based trajectories, with habitat expansions under sustainable development pathways (SSP126) and mixed outcomes under fossil-fuelled scenarios (SSP585), particularly affecting Kenya with consistent declines, while Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda showed expansions. The proportion of suitable habitat within protected areas remained stable across scenarios, though substantial national disparities persist. This research underscores the role of modelling in informed conservation and urgency in transboundary conservation strategies extending beyond currently protected areas and provides critical insights for adaptive conservation planning to safeguard the Hooded Vulture's future in East Africa.

秃鹰（necrosytes monachus）在环境清洁和疾病控制中起着至关重要的作用。然而，它的数量在其分布范围内迅速下降，特别是在东非。尽管对其进行了保护，但其在东非的空间分布仍未得到充分研究。本研究利用集合物种分布模型，利用monachus对生物气候因子、海拔和土地覆盖的响应来预测该物种在肯尼亚、卢旺达、坦桑尼亚和乌干达的当前分布，并评估潜在的气候变化影响。研究结果表明，研究区仅有11.813%的面积适合单爪螨栖息，其中保护区面积占35.954%。秃鹰对气候条件的依赖性较强，对其分布影响较大的变量为等温线、年平均气温、降水季节、海拔高度和年降水量，而城市土地对其分布的影响较小。气候变化预估表明区域栖息地稳定，但基于空间和气候路径的变化轨迹不同，可持续发展路径下的栖息地扩张（SSP126）和化石燃料情景下的混合结果（SSP585），特别是肯尼亚的栖息地持续下降，而坦桑尼亚、乌干达和卢旺达则呈现扩张。不同情景下，保护区内适宜生境的比例保持稳定，但各国之间的差异仍然存在。这项研究强调了建模在知情保护中的作用和跨界保护战略的紧迫性，并为适应性保护规划提供了重要的见解，以保护东非蒙头秃鹫的未来。

{"title":"Spatial distribution and climate dependency of the hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) in east Africa: Implications for conservation beyond protected areas","authors":"Laban Kayitete , Elie Sinayitutse , Matthew Dennis","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hooded Vulture (<em>Necrosyrtes monachus</em>) plays a vital role in environmental cleaning and disease control. However, its population is rapidly declining across its range, especially in East Africa. Despite conservation efforts invested in its protection, its spatial distribution in East Africa remains understudied. Utilising ensemble Species Distribution Models, this study leverages the response of <em>N. monachus</em> to bioclimatic factors, elevation, and land cover to predict the species<em>'</em> current distribution across Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, and assess potential climate change impacts. Findings reveal that only 11.813 % of the study area represents suitable habitat for <em>N. monachus</em>, with 35.954 % of this falling within protected areas. The Hooded Vulture exhibited strong dependence on climatic conditions, with variables of large influence to its distribution being isothermality, annual mean temperature, precipitation seasonality, elevation, and annual precipitation, while the urban land exhibited moderate influence. Climate change projections indicate regional habitat stability, but varying spatial and climatic pathway-based trajectories, with habitat expansions under sustainable development pathways (SSP126) and mixed outcomes under fossil-fuelled scenarios (SSP585), particularly affecting Kenya with consistent declines, while Tanzania, Uganda, and Rwanda showed expansions. The proportion of suitable habitat within protected areas remained stable across scenarios, though substantial national disparities persist. This research underscores the role of modelling in informed conservation and urgency in transboundary conservation strategies extending beyond currently protected areas and provides critical insights for adaptive conservation planning to safeguard the Hooded Vulture<em>'</em>s future in East Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 146-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of undersowing maize with a diverse annual flower mixture on insect abundance and diversity 不同年花混合玉米下播对昆虫丰度和多样性的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.009

Hannah Weinläder , Jens Hartung , Maria Müller-Lindenlauf

Biodiversity is declining globally, largely driven by anthropogenic land use. In Germany, maize occupies a large proportion of arable land and its cultivation is often viewed critically from an ecological perspective. Maize undersown with a diverse annual flower mixture represents a novel approach aimed at improving biodiversity. We investigated the effects of this undersowing system on the abundance, species richness, and diversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), and rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). We hypothesized that the flower mixtures would positively affect these insect groups. Insect sampling was conducted at four trial sites in 2022 and eight trial sites in 2023 across Baden-Württemberg, Germany. At each trial site, two cropping systems were compared: pure maize and maize intercropped with a flower mixture, cultivated on adjacent plots within the same experimental field. Flower strips implemented at six trial sites in 2023 served as additional reference, representing an established conservation measure. Undersowing maize with a flower mixture significantly increased wild bee abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity index H‘ (SDI) compared to pure maize. However, ground beetles showed no significant differences between cropping systems. Rove beetles exhibited an intermediate response, with activity density significantly higher under undersowing, while species richness and SDI remained unaffected. Flower strips supported even higher diversity per unit area across all insect groups, as well as higher abundance of wild bees and rove beetles. However, when considering a scenario with 5 % flower strip coverage, abundance was lower compared to undersown maize. The positive effect of the undersowing system – especially for wild bees – highlights its potential to enhance habitat quality in agricultural landscapes and to complement more traditional conservation measures such as flower strips. To maximize their benefits for biodiversity, such systems should be integrated into a broader, landscape-scale conservation strategy.

全球生物多样性正在下降，这主要是人为土地利用造成的。在德国，玉米占据了很大比例的可耕地，它的种植常常被从生态学的角度批判地看待。玉米下种不同的一年生花混合物代表了一种旨在改善生物多样性的新方法。研究了该系统对野生蜜蜂（膜翅目：蚁总科）、地甲虫（鞘翅目：小甲虫科）和粉甲虫（鞘翅目：小甲虫科）的丰度、物种丰富度和多样性的影响。我们假设花的混合物会对这些昆虫群产生积极的影响。昆虫取样于2022年和2023年分别在德国巴登-符腾堡州的4个试验点和8个试验点进行。在每个试验点，比较了两种种植制度：纯玉米和玉米间作花卉混合物，在同一试验田的相邻地块上种植。2023年在六个试验地点实施的花条作为额外的参考，代表了既定的保护措施。与纯玉米相比，混花玉米下播显著提高了野生蜜蜂丰度、物种丰富度和Shannon多样性指数H’（SDI）。然而，不同种植制度下的地面甲虫数量没有显著差异。粉蚧表现出中等响应，暗播下活动密度显著高于暗播，物种丰富度和SDI未受影响。在所有昆虫群体中，每单位面积的花条支持更高的多样性，以及更高的野生蜜蜂和甲虫丰度。然而，当考虑花带覆盖率为5%的情况时，丰度低于未播种玉米。地下播种系统的积极影响——特别是对野生蜜蜂——突出了它在提高农业景观生境质量和补充更传统的保护措施（如花带）方面的潜力。为了最大限度地提高其对生物多样性的益处，这些系统应纳入更广泛的景观级保护战略。

{"title":"Effects of undersowing maize with a diverse annual flower mixture on insect abundance and diversity","authors":"Hannah Weinläder , Jens Hartung , Maria Müller-Lindenlauf","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity is declining globally, largely driven by anthropogenic land use. In Germany, maize occupies a large proportion of arable land and its cultivation is often viewed critically from an ecological perspective. Maize undersown with a diverse annual flower mixture represents a novel approach aimed at improving biodiversity. We investigated the effects of this undersowing system on the abundance, species richness, and diversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), and rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). We hypothesized that the flower mixtures would positively affect these insect groups. Insect sampling was conducted at four trial sites in 2022 and eight trial sites in 2023 across Baden-Württemberg, Germany. At each trial site, two cropping systems were compared: pure maize and maize intercropped with a flower mixture, cultivated on adjacent plots within the same experimental field. Flower strips implemented at six trial sites in 2023 served as additional reference, representing an established conservation measure. Undersowing maize with a flower mixture significantly increased wild bee abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity index H‘ (SDI) compared to pure maize. However, ground beetles showed no significant differences between cropping systems. Rove beetles exhibited an intermediate response, with activity density significantly higher under undersowing, while species richness and SDI remained unaffected. Flower strips supported even higher diversity per unit area across all insect groups, as well as higher abundance of wild bees and rove beetles. However, when considering a scenario with 5 % flower strip coverage, abundance was lower compared to undersown maize. The positive effect of the undersowing system – especially for wild bees – highlights its potential to enhance habitat quality in agricultural landscapes and to complement more traditional conservation measures such as flower strips. To maximize their benefits for biodiversity, such systems should be integrated into a broader, landscape-scale conservation strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interacting contemporary and legacy disturbances affect management of floodplain forest vegetation 当代和遗留干扰相互作用影响洪泛区森林植被的管理

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.008

Samantha K. Travers , Renee Woodward , Eve Slavich , Danielle McAllister , Nicholas Chu , Kristy Lawrie , Emma Gorrod

Disturbance is a strong driver of forest ecosystem species composition. Understanding how current management interacts with disturbance is critical for implementing effective strategies to promote native species. Our manipulative BACI experiment evaluated whether ecological thinning promoted a diverse native understorey in an extensive semi-arid floodplain forest that has experienced widespread woody thickening from historical logging and regulated river flows. We monitored three measures of vegetation (native plant richness; ratio of native to introduced richness; species occupancy) for one year prior to, and five years following ecological thinning, encompassing two flood disturbance events. We asked: Does vegetation response to recent flooding and thinning disturbance depend upon legacy tree densities and site productivity? Under which conditions does thinning promote native understorey species? Strong three- and four-way interactions (initial tree density, productivity, recent river flow, thinning intensity) for both measures of richness highlighted that the few positive effects of thinning were spatially and temporally variable. Native richness peaked during low to average river flow in high productivity sites with low initial tree densities and low thinning intensity (<15 %). Often, increases in native richness due to thinning were accompanied by even greater increases in introduced richness. Species occupancy responded to site productivity, floods and tree densities that existed prior to thinning, irrespective of thinning intensity. Together, this demonstrates that in short timeframes ecological thinning alone will not restore understorey composition altered by woody thickening. Promoting diverse pathways of recovery from legacy and current disturbances requires greater understanding of how legacy effects persist.

干扰是森林生态系统物种组成的重要驱动因素。了解当前管理如何与干扰相互作用对于实施有效的策略来促进本地物种至关重要。我们的操纵性BACI实验评估了生态间伐是否促进了广阔的半干旱洪泛平原森林中多样化的原生林下植被，该森林因历史伐木和河流流量调节而经历了广泛的树木增厚。我们在生态变薄前一年和生态变薄后五年监测了三种植被指标（原生植物丰富度、原生与引进丰富度之比、物种占用率），其中包括两次洪水干扰事件。我们的问题是：植被对近期洪水和间伐干扰的响应是否取决于遗留树木密度和场地生产力？在什么条件下间伐会促进本地林下物种的生长？两种丰富度测量的强三向和四向相互作用（初始树木密度、生产力、最近的河流流量、间伐强度）强调了间伐的少数积极影响在空间和时间上是可变的。在低初始树木密度和低间伐强度（< 15%）的高生产力地点，原生丰富度在低至平均河流流量期间达到峰值。通常，由于变薄导致的本地丰富度的增加伴随着引入丰富度的更大增加。物种占用率与间伐强度无关，与间伐前存在的场地生产力、洪水和树木密度有关。总之，这表明在短时间内，仅靠生态间伐不能恢复因树木增厚而改变的下层植被组成。促进从遗留和当前干扰中恢复的多种途径需要更好地了解遗留影响如何持续存在。

{"title":"Interacting contemporary and legacy disturbances affect management of floodplain forest vegetation","authors":"Samantha K. Travers , Renee Woodward , Eve Slavich , Danielle McAllister , Nicholas Chu , Kristy Lawrie , Emma Gorrod","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disturbance is a strong driver of forest ecosystem species composition. Understanding how current management interacts with disturbance is critical for implementing effective strategies to promote native species. Our manipulative BACI experiment evaluated whether ecological thinning promoted a diverse native understorey in an extensive semi-arid floodplain forest that has experienced widespread woody thickening from historical logging and regulated river flows. We monitored three measures of vegetation (native plant richness; ratio of native to introduced richness; species occupancy) for one year prior to, and five years following ecological thinning, encompassing two flood disturbance events. We asked: Does vegetation response to recent flooding and thinning disturbance depend upon legacy tree densities and site productivity? Under which conditions does thinning promote native understorey species? Strong three- and four-way interactions (initial tree density, productivity, recent river flow, thinning intensity) for both measures of richness highlighted that the few positive effects of thinning were spatially and temporally variable. Native richness peaked during low to average river flow in high productivity sites with low initial tree densities and low thinning intensity (<15 %). Often, increases in native richness due to thinning were accompanied by even greater increases in introduced richness. Species occupancy responded to site productivity, floods and tree densities that existed prior to thinning, irrespective of thinning intensity. Together, this demonstrates that in short timeframes ecological thinning alone will not restore understorey composition altered by woody thickening. Promoting diverse pathways of recovery from legacy and current disturbances requires greater understanding of how legacy effects persist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0