Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献

The hidden multitrophic diversity of specialized grass-shoot insects – neglected by grassland management 特化草梢昆虫隐藏的多营养多样性——被草原管理所忽视

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.004

Teja Tscharntke , Péter Batáry , Stefan Vidal

Current biodiversity research often focuses on large-scale biodiversity patterns, thereby neglecting specialized endophytic species hidden inside plant tissue, which are negatively affected by traditional grassland management. Here, we analyzed grass shoot-inhabiting herbivore-parasitoid communities of ten perennial and five annual grass species that are abundant in Germany. We dissected grass shoots and reared all insects to characterize these plant-herbivore-parasitoid food webs, which depend on the overwintering of intact grass shoots developing in unmown habitats.

Our results support the hypothesis that both mean shoot length of each grass species and the annual-perennial dichotomy explain differences in species richness. Annual grasses were not attacked at all, while the shoot length of perennial grass species showed a positive linear relationship with herbivore species richness, explaining 96 % of the variance. Shoot length was also closely related to the species richness of the total number of herbivore and parasitoid species (R²= 0.93). On average, 11.5 herbivore and 29.9 parasitoid species were found per perennial grass species. 31 % of the insects were monophagous, i.e. restricted to only one host grass species, and 32 % oligophagous, i.e. restricted to grasses (Poaceae). The increase in species richness with grass shoot length is in line with the hypothesis that higher resource heterogeneity, apparency and productivity of the host plant species enhance the diversity of consumers and their associated enemies. In bipartite network analyses, the interestingly high number of herbivore-parasitoid compartments increased with shoot length, likely due to the coevolution of these highly specialized tritrophic communities and adaptive radiation among grass species. The annual-perennial dichotomy was not related to differences in biomass, plant chemistry, architecture or habitat age.

In grassland management, the endophagous insect community has been largely ignored, despite the, on average, high richness per grass species (41.4 insect species) with 63 % being grass specialists. The need for unmown long-term refuges, protecting intact grass shoots for persistent insect populations, is often overlooked. Future grassland management should pay more attention to these neglected communities of specialized grass-shoot insects.

目前的生物多样性研究往往侧重于大规模的生物多样性模式，而忽视了隐藏在植物组织内部的特殊内生物种，这些物种受到传统草原管理的负面影响。本文对德国丰富的10种多年生禾本科植物和5种一年生禾本科植物的草食寄生物群落进行了分析。我们解剖了草芽，并饲养了所有昆虫来表征这些植物-草食-寄生性食物网，这些食物网依赖于在未知栖息地发育的完整草芽的越冬。我们的研究结果支持这样的假设，即每种草的平均梢长和一年生-多年生二分法可以解释物种丰富度的差异。一年生草本植物不受攻击，而多年生草本植物的茎长与食草动物物种丰富度呈线性正相关，解释了96%的方差。茎长与草食和寄生性物种总数的物种丰富度密切相关（R²= 0.93）。每多年生草本植物平均有11.5种草食动物和29.9种寄生性动物。31%的昆虫是单食的，即只局限于一种寄主禾本科植物，32%的昆虫是寡食的，即局限于禾本科植物。物种丰富度随着草梢长度的增加而增加，这与寄主植物物种的资源异质性、透明度和生产力提高了消费者及其相关敌人的多样性的假设是一致的。在双部网络分析中，有趣的是，草食-寄生性室的数量随着茎长而增加，可能是由于这些高度特化的三营养群落和草物种之间的适应性辐射的共同进化。一年生-多年生的二分法与生物量、植物化学、建筑和生境年龄的差异无关。在草原管理中，尽管平均每个草种的丰富度很高（41.4种昆虫），其中63%是草专，但内食昆虫群落在很大程度上被忽视了。人们往往忽视了对未修剪的长期避难所的需求，即为持续存在的昆虫种群保护完整的草芽。未来的草地管理应更加重视这些被忽视的特殊草梢昆虫群落。

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引用次数: 0

Recoupling terrestrial, benthic and pelagic habitats by constructing littoral zones diversifies carbon flows to aquatic macroinvertebrates 通过构建滨海带，将陆地、底栖和远洋栖息地重新连接起来，使水生大型无脊椎动物的碳流多样化

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.003

C.H.A. van Leeuwen , H.G. van der Geest , J. Bom , J.J. de Leeuw , L.F.J. Tack , G.H. van Beilen , J.A. Vonk

Shoreline restoration measures are increasingly implemented to stimulate biodiversity recovery in degraded lake ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanisms of observed recovery processes often remain disclosed. Here, we mechanistically studied how the creation of littoral shorelines in a degraded pelagic-driven lake affected fluxes of organic material across shoreline gradients, which are known to be essential for the functioning of aquatic food webs. We assessed how new connections among habitat types (dry shorelines, littoral zones and the limnetic water column) affected carbon fluxes in the food web of the 70.000 ha large shallow turbid lake Markermeer (the Netherlands), to which 16% of soft sediment littoral shoreline was added by constructing 1300 ha of wetland islands in 2016. Development of islands and littoral habitats with water less than 1.5 m deep improved underwater light conditions compared to the surrounding turbid limnetic habitats of ∼4 m deep, and therefore stimulated benthic primary producers. Field monitoring and stable isotope analyses revealed increases of benthic primary production and of organic material fluxes from the shoreline into the pelagic zone, which both stimulated the macroinvertebrate diversity. During the early phase of the restoration project (<8 years) benthic primary production transferred best to higher trophic levels compared to carbon-rich terrestrial material, likely due to the relatively higher quality of benthic food for macroinvertebrates. We conclude that the creation of sheltered shallow habitats in limnetic-dominated lakes can diversify carbon fluxes among habitats which stimulates the base of the aquatic food web. This makes lake restoration via re-coupling of terrestrial, pelagic and benthic habitats an effective forward-looking restoration measure for degraded monotonous lake ecosystems.

在退化的湖泊生态系统中，越来越多地实施岸线恢复措施来刺激生物多样性的恢复。然而，观察到的恢复过程的潜在机制往往仍然是公开的。在这里，我们从机制上研究了在一个退化的远洋驱动的湖泊中，沿海海岸线的形成是如何影响有机物质在海岸线梯度上的通量的，而有机物质对水生食物网的功能至关重要。我们评估了栖息地类型（干海岸线、滨海地带和沼泽水柱）之间的新联系如何影响7万公顷的大型浅水浑浊湖Markermeer（荷兰）食物网中的碳通量。2016年，通过建造1300公顷的湿地岛屿，Markermeer湖增加了16%的软沉积物滨海海岸线。与周围约4米深的浑浊沼泽生境相比，水深小于1.5米的岛屿和沿海生境的发展改善了水下光照条件，因此刺激了底栖初级生产者。野外监测和稳定同位素分析表明，底栖生物初级产量和从海岸线到远洋区的有机物质通量增加，这两者都刺激了大型无脊椎动物的多样性。在恢复项目的早期阶段（8年），与富含碳的陆地物质相比，底栖生物初级生产最好地转移到更高的营养水平，这可能是由于大型无脊椎动物的底栖生物食物质量相对较高。我们的结论是，在以石灰质为主的湖泊中建立受保护的浅生境可以使生境之间的碳通量多样化，从而刺激水生食物网的基础。这使得通过陆地、远洋和底栖生物栖息地的再耦合来恢复湖泊成为退化的单调湖泊生态系统的有效的前瞻性恢复措施。

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引用次数: 0

The relationship between plant and butterfly biodiversity is altered by compound effects of human activities at landscape and regional scales 在景观和区域尺度上，植物与蝴蝶的生物多样性关系受到人类活动的复合影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.02.002

Miguel Cruz Palma , Antoine Guisan , Shawan Chowdhury , Flavien Collart , Federico Riva

Understanding how human activities influence biodiversity is a pressing challenge. Here, we ask whether obligate biotic interactions between plants and butterflies respond to patterns in anthropogenic disturbance at landscape and regional scales. Here, we used hierarchical models to understand how the relationships between alpha and beta taxonomic diversities of butterflies and plants change across landscapes and regions exposed to a gradient of anthropogenic influence.

Analyzing 1682 sampling sites in which butterfly and plant species were both inventoried, from 45 studies identified through a literature review, we found that ecological communities sampled in highly disturbed areas displayed a lower number of butterfly species per plant species, and more homogenized butterfly communities. These responses were exacerbated when human activities affected both the landscape and the region hosting the plant and butterfly communities assessed.

Our results suggest that human activities can differentially affect butterflies and plants, two co-evolved groups, thus altering long-term eco-evolutionary dynamics. They also hint at how the negative effects of human activities on biodiversity compound between landscape and regional scales, illustrating the importance of multi-scale analyses and approaches for understanding and protecting biodiversity globally.

了解人类活动如何影响生物多样性是一项紧迫的挑战。在这里，我们询问植物和蝴蝶之间的强制性生物相互作用是否响应景观和区域尺度上人为干扰的模式。在这里，我们使用层次模型来理解蝴蝶和植物的α和β分类多样性之间的关系是如何在暴露于人类影响梯度的景观和地区变化的。通过文献综述，我们分析了45个研究中1682个同时调查了蝴蝶和植物物种的采样点，发现高度干扰区生态群落的蝴蝶种类/植物物种数量较低，蝴蝶群落的同质化程度较高。当人类活动影响到景观和所评估植物和蝴蝶群落所在地区时，这些反应会加剧。我们的研究结果表明，人类活动可以不同地影响蝴蝶和植物这两个共同进化的群体，从而改变长期的生态进化动态。他们还暗示了人类活动对生物多样性的负面影响如何在景观和区域尺度之间复合，说明了多尺度分析和方法对于理解和保护全球生物多样性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Not all pollinisers are equal: donor identity shapes fruit set, weight, and seed quality in apples 并不是所有的传粉者都是一样的：供体的身份决定了苹果果实的大小、重量和种子的质量

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.015

Karen C.B.S. Santos, Blake M. Dawson, Lachlan C. Jones, Erandi Wijesinghe, Lucie Martin, Romina Rader

Animal-mediated pollination in cross-compatible crops depends not only on pollinator activity but also on the compatibility and performance of pollen donors. Such intraspecific interactions can influence reproductive success through xenia effects, yet empirical evidence from field studies remains limited. We tested how pollen donor identity affects fruit set, fruit weight, and seed quality in two major apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.), Pink Lady and Royal Gala, using controlled hand-pollination experiments in commercial orchards in Stanthorpe, Australia. Each cultivar was pollinated with multiple donor cultivars alongside self-pollination, spontaneous selfing, emasculation, and open pollination controls. Donor identity significantly affected all reproductive outcomes. In Pink Lady, Kanzi pollen produced the highest fruit set, heaviest fruit, and greatest proportion of well-formed seeds, while in Royal Gala, Red Delicious, Pink Lady and Granny Smith donors performed best. Patterns of reproductive success generally aligned with S-allele compatibility. Pollinisers that did not share S-alleles with the recipient (e.g., Kanzi for Pink Lady, Red Delicious or Granny Smith for Royal Gala) yielded higher fruit set and/or fruit weight, whereas some partially compatible pairs produced smaller fruit or lower seed quality. Notably, high proportion of fruit set or high seed set did not always translate into larger fruit, indicating a decoupling of fertilisation and fruit growth responses. These findings demonstrate that not all compatible (or partially compatible) cultivars are equally effective pollinisers, and selecting high-performing pollen donors and ensuring flowering synchrony can enhance productivity and fruit quality in apple orchards. Pollen donor identity may be an overlooked driver of yield and quality in apple production, with implications for the ecological understanding of conspecific pollen transfer and the applied optimisation of cultivar combinations in orchards. Policies and extension services should support growers in revisiting polliniser choices based on field performance rather than relying solely on historical compatibility charts.

杂交亲和性作物的动物传粉不仅取决于传粉者的活动，还取决于花粉供体的相容性和表现。这种种内相互作用可以通过异种效应影响繁殖成功，但来自实地研究的经验证据仍然有限。在澳大利亚斯坦索普的商业果园中，通过对照手工授粉实验，研究了花粉供体身份对两个主要苹果品种（Malus domestica Borkh.）粉红女士（Pink Lady）和皇家Gala的坐果、果实重量和种子质量的影响。每个品种都用多个供体品种授粉，同时进行自花授粉、自发自交、去雄和开放授粉对照。供体身份显著影响所有生殖结果。在Pink Lady中，Kanzi花粉产生最高的坐果量、最重的果实和最大比例的成熟种子，而在Royal Gala中，Red Delicious、Pink Lady和Granny Smith的供体表现最好。繁殖成功的模式通常与s等位基因的相容性一致。与接受者没有相同s等位基因的传粉者（例如，粉色女士的Kanzi，红色美味或皇家晚会的Granny Smith）产生更高的坐果和/或果实重量，而一些部分相容的配对产生较小的果实或较低的种子质量。值得注意的是，高坐果比例或高结实率并不总是转化为更大的果实，这表明受精和果实生长响应的脱钩。这些发现表明，并不是所有的亲和性（或部分亲和性）品种都是同样有效的传粉者，选择高性能的花粉供体和确保开花同步可以提高苹果园的生产力和果实质量。在苹果生产中，花粉供体身份可能是一个被忽视的产量和质量驱动因素，对同种花粉传递的生态学理解和果园栽培组合的应用优化具有重要意义。政策和推广服务应支持种植者根据田间表现重新考虑传粉者的选择，而不是仅仅依赖历史兼容性图表。

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引用次数: 0

Little differences of uncut refuge rotation frequency on arthropod communities in extensively managed meadows 粗放型草甸节肢动物群落未砍伐保护区轮换频率差异不大

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.001

Matteo Negroni , Astrance Fenestraz , Raphaël Arlettaz , Jean-Yves Humbert

Using modern mowing machines in extensively managed meadows has a dramatic impact on arthropod communities, threatening the biodiversity of one of Europe's richest ecosystems. More wildlife-friendly mowing practices must be adopted in order to mitigate this negative impact. Leaving an uncut grass refuge on 10−20 % of the area of a meadow has been evidenced to benefit arthropods. However, adopting the right spatio-temporal rotation frequency of such refuges would be key. We experimentally compared the abundance and diversity of arthropods in refuges that were rotated after each cut, usually twice per year (within-year rotational refuges, WYRR), versus refuges that changed from one year to the other (between-years rotational refuges, BYRR). We focused on a broad spectrum of indicator taxa: Aranea, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Heteroptera, Vespidae, Apoidea, Syrphidae, Orthoptera, Auchenorryncha, caterpillars and butterflies. Rotating the refuge location twice a year (WYRR) increased overall arthropod abundance by 13 % compared to refuges rotated once a year (BYRR), while species diversity did not differ between the two regimes. Yet, the refuge rotation frequency affected the different arthropod groups in varying ways. Aranea and Apoidea abundances were 33 % and twice higher, respectively, in WYRR, while Auchenorrhyncha and caterpillar abundances were up to fourfold and threefold higher, respectively, in BYRR. Species richness of flowering plants and forb cover were higher in WYRR than in BYRR. We therefore recommend rotating uncut grass refuges after each cut. However, as findings also revealed some antagonistic effects, we suggest, where possible, alternating between the two regimes at meadow or landscape scales to optimise benefits for the whole arthropod community in the long term.

在广泛管理的草地上使用现代割草机对节肢动物群落产生了巨大影响，威胁到欧洲最丰富的生态系统之一的生物多样性。为了减轻这种负面影响，必须采用更有利于野生动物的割草方法。在草甸10 - 20%的面积上留下未被砍伐的草地避难所已被证明对节肢动物有益。然而，采用正确的时空轮换频率将是关键。我们通过实验比较了每次切割后轮换的避难所（通常每年两次）（年内轮换避难所，WYRR）与每年轮换的避难所（年间轮换避难所，BYRR）中节肢动物的丰度和多样性。我们重点研究了广泛的指示分类群：蜘蛛目、鞘翅目、神经翅目、异翅目、寄生蜂科、寄生蜂科、直翅目、寄生蜂科、毛虫和蝴蝶。与每年轮换一次避难所（BYRR）相比，每年轮换两次避难所（WYRR）使节肢动物的总体丰富度增加了13%，而物种多样性在两种制度之间没有差异。然而，避难所轮换频率以不同的方式影响不同的节肢动物群体。白垩土中黑丝目和Apoidea的丰度分别比白垩土高33%和2倍，黑丝目和毛虫的丰度分别比白垩土高4倍和3倍。有花植物的物种丰富度和复盖物的种类丰富度均高于有花植物。因此，我们建议在每次割草后轮换未割草避难所。然而，由于研究结果也揭示了一些拮抗作用，我们建议，在可能的情况下，在草地或景观尺度上交替使用这两种制度，以优化整个节肢动物群落的长期利益。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating species distribution models (SDM) in spatially explicit GIS-tools to support nature-sensitive urban planning 在空间显式gis工具中整合物种分布模型（SDM）以支持自然敏感型城市规划

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.005

Malte Bührs, Andreas Rienow, Harald Zepp

Urban areas are expanding globally, presenting challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. To inform biodiversity-sensitive urban planning, predictive and spatially explicit tools that integrate ecological modelling into operational workflows are needed. We present a framework that couples ensemble species distribution models (ESDMs) with a QGIS-based decision-support tool to evaluate urban habitat suitability for conservation-relevant bird species. We designed this approach in the Ruhr Metropolis in western Germany, a polycentric urban region characterized by high population density and diverse land use. ESDMs were developed for 26 bird species across five ecological guilds (Farmland, Openland, Synanthropic, Water, Woodland) using presence-only citizen science data and high-resolution environmental predictors. Models were constructed using biomod2, with pseudoabsences, spatial thinning, and block cross-validation to account for sampling bias and spatial autocorrelation. Logistic regression models for these five guilds were implemented in the open-source QGIS-based toolbox EnhancES for assessing ecosystem services to allow real-time spatial evaluation of habitat suitability.

Model performance was TSS ≥ 0.58 and ROC ≥ 0.78 across all species guilds; suitability predictions aligned well with ecological expectations. Applying the tool to the city of Bochum with the example of the Green Belt E demonstrated its ability to identify multifunctional biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities.

This study demonstrates how ecological modelling outputs can support integrative biodiversity assessments and be translated into practical spatial planning tools. By embedding the results of predictive models into accessible GIS frameworks such as EnhancES, we enable urban planners to evaluate ecosystem services and habitat functions, fostering data-driven decisions in spatial planning. Predictive habitat suitability outputs as part of an ecosystem service assessment scheme inform spatial prioritization, guide urban green infrastructure design, and evaluate planning scenarios. By linking ecological modelling with decision-relevant GIS-tools, this framework bridges the science-practice gap and facilitates data-driven planning for resilient, multifunctional urban landscapes.

城市地区正在全球扩张，为生物多样性保护和生态系统服务带来了挑战和机遇。为了为生物多样性敏感型城市规划提供信息，需要将生态建模纳入业务工作流程的预测性和空间明确工具。本文提出了一种基于qgis的决策支持工具和种群分布模型（ESDMs）相结合的框架，用于评估与保护有关的鸟类的城市栖息地适宜性。我们在德国西部的鲁尔大都会设计了这种方法，这是一个以高人口密度和多样化土地利用为特征的多中心城市地区。利用仅存在的公民科学数据和高分辨率环境预测因子，对5个生态行业（农田、开阔地、湿地、水域和林地）的26种鸟类开发了esdm。使用biomod2构建模型，并使用伪缺失、空间细化和块交叉验证来解释采样偏差和空间自相关。这五个行会的逻辑回归模型在基于qgis的开源工具箱中实现，用于评估生态系统服务，从而实现对栖息地适宜性的实时空间评估。各物种行会的模型绩效TSS≥0.58,ROC≥0.78；适应性预测与生态预期非常吻合。将该工具应用于波鸿市（以绿带E为例），证明了其识别多功能生物多样性热点和保护重点的能力。本研究展示了生态建模的结果如何支持生物多样性综合评估，并转化为实用的空间规划工具。通过将预测模型的结果嵌入到诸如enhance等可访问的GIS框架中，我们使城市规划者能够评估生态系统服务和栖息地功能，促进空间规划中数据驱动的决策。作为生态系统服务评估方案的一部分，预测性栖息地适宜性输出为空间优先排序提供信息，指导城市绿色基础设施设计，并评估规划方案。通过将生态建模与决策相关的地理信息系统工具联系起来，该框架弥合了科学与实践之间的差距，并促进了数据驱动的弹性、多功能城市景观规划。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Most habitat's and species' assessments in German Natura 2000 sites reflect unfavourable conservation states” [Basic and Applied Ecology 87 (2025) Pages 128-143] “德国Natura 2000站点的大多数栖息地和物种评估反映了不利的保护状况”的勘误表[基础与应用生态学87（2025）页128-143]

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.006

Julia S. Ellerbrok , Theresa Spatz , Veronika Braunisch , Michael Strohbach , Dagmar Haase , Kathrin Januschke , Josef Kaiser , Marion Mehring , Thilo Wellmann , Helge Bruelheide , Jori Maylin Marx , Josef Settele , Christian Wirth , Nina Farwig

引用次数: 0

Plant cover rather than species richness drives nematode community structure and function on extensive and semi-intensive roof greening 粗放型和半集约型屋顶绿化中线虫群落结构和功能的驱动因素不是物种丰富度，而是植被覆盖度

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.007

Justus Aisu , Jessica Kraaz , Helge Bruelheide , Lucie Moeller , Vincent Offenderlein , Peter Dietrich

Green roofs are important urban habitats, yet the effects of rooftop vegetation management on belowground communities, particularly nematodes, are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated how nematode community structure, abundance, and functional composition are shaped across four types of green rooftops with different management systems; extensive greening with or without irrigation, semi-intensive greening with either native or neophyte plant species. We also tested the effects of weeding as a common disturbance practice. Management type strongly shaped nematode communities. Extensive roofs supported predator-omnivore rich assemblages, while intensive roofs supported bacterivore-rich communities. Total abundance and α-diversity increased with management intensity. Functional indices indicated a higher maturity and structural indices in extensive roofs compared to intensive roofs. Weeding reduced overall nematode abundance but did not significantly alter their community composition. Plant cover and soil carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios emerged as good predictors of nematode abundance. High plant cover supported high total nematode densities, while high C:N ratios suppressed abundance. Overall, our results indicate that green roof management types are associated with consistent differences in nematode community structure and functional indices, reflecting contrasting belowground ecological conditions across roof types.

绿色屋顶是重要的城市栖息地，然而屋顶植被管理对地下社区，特别是线虫的影响在很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们研究了线虫群落结构、丰度和功能组成如何在不同管理制度下的四种类型的绿色屋顶上形成；广泛的绿化有或没有灌溉，半密集绿化与本地或新植物物种。我们还测试了除草作为一种常见的干扰做法的效果。管理类型强烈塑造线虫群落。广泛的屋顶支持富含捕食-杂食性动物的组合，而密集的屋顶支持富含细菌的群落。总丰度和α多样性随管理强度的增加而增加。功能指标表明，粗放型屋顶的成熟度和结构指标高于集约型屋顶。除草降低了线虫的总体丰度，但没有显著改变其群落组成。植被覆盖和土壤碳氮比（C/N）是线虫丰度的良好预测指标。高植被覆盖度支持高线虫总密度，而高碳氮比抑制线虫丰度。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，绿色屋顶管理类型与线虫群落结构和功能指数的一致性差异相关，反映了不同屋顶类型下地下生态条件的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Bird species richness peaks at intermediate levels of farmland in wooded savannas and dry forests, but not in rainforests 鸟类物种丰富度在热带稀树草原和干燥森林的中等水平农田达到峰值，而在热带雨林中没有

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.013

Vera Soares , Maria João Canadas , Paulo Flores Ribeiro , Natasha Ribeiro , José Lima Santos

Despite widespread concern over farmland-driven biodiversity loss in tropical landscapes, the possibly non-linear response of species richness to farmland and the possible dependency of this response on biome remain poorly understood. Drawing on nationwide data about the occurrence of terrestrial bird species at the landscape level in Mozambique, we analysed the effects of farmland extent on species richness, globally threatened, large-range and open-habitat species. In the analysis of species richness, we allowed for non-linear effects and difference in patterns between the rainforest and the wooded savanna–dry forest biomes. According to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, we found that species diversity peaks at an intermediate level of farmland in wooded savannas and dry forests. However, it monotonically declines with farmland in rainforests, ironically the biome used by Connell to illustrate this hypothesis. This difference across biomes reflects higher resilience of the biota of drier biomes to farmland expansion, possibly related to the role of fire and herbivory in their regulation. Our results confirm that trends in species richness do hide the decline of threatened species and the increase in widespread generalists with farmland extent, contributing to biotic homogenization. Richness alone is thus a poor early-warning indicator of biodiversity loss particularly in wooded savannas and dry forests where species richness initially rises with farmland. Our results emphasize that effective conservation in tropical landscapes requires biome-specific solutions and better indicators of biodiversity loss to guide policies aimed at protecting species richness in rainforests and avoiding biotic homogenization in wooded savannas and dry forests.

尽管人们普遍关注热带景观中由农田驱动的生物多样性丧失，但物种丰富度对农田的可能非线性响应以及这种响应对生物群系的可能依赖性仍然知之甚少。利用莫桑比克全国陆地鸟类景观数据，分析了农田面积对物种丰富度、全球濒危物种、大范围物种和开放栖息地物种的影响。在物种丰富度分析中，我们考虑了热带雨林与稀树草原-干旱林生物群落的非线性效应和模式差异。根据中间扰动假设，我们发现在稀树草原和干旱林中，物种多样性在农田的中间水平上达到峰值。然而，它单调地随着热带雨林农田的减少而减少，讽刺的是康奈尔用来说明这一假设的生物群系。不同生物群落间的这种差异反映了干旱生物群落对农田扩张具有更高的适应能力，这可能与火和草食在其调节中的作用有关。我们的研究结果证实，物种丰富度的趋势确实掩盖了受威胁物种的减少和广泛的通才物种随着农田面积的增加而增加，从而促进了生物同质化。因此，物种丰富度本身并不能作为生物多样性丧失的早期预警指标，特别是在树木繁茂的热带稀树草原和干旱森林，在这些地区，物种丰富度最初随着农田的增加而增加。我们的研究结果强调，有效的热带景观保护需要针对生物群系的解决方案和更好的生物多样性丧失指标，以指导旨在保护热带雨林物种丰富度和避免热带稀树草原和干燥森林生物同质化的政策。

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引用次数: 0

Nature conservation perspectives by conservationist Wolfgang Haber 自然保护主义者沃尔夫冈·哈伯的自然保护观点

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2026.01.008

Jan Christian Habel

Nature conservation has a polarizing effect on our society and politics. Nature is considered the basis of life for people. At the same time, the conservation of nature is often perceived as a disruptive obstacle to economic growth. Wolfgang Haber is a pioneer and contemporary witness of nature conservation across Europe, and globally. He has accompanied the development and changes in nature conservation throughout his life. In 2025, Wolfgang Haber celebrated his 100th birthday. To mark the occasion, an interview on nature conservation was conducted based on a structured interview guide. In this interview, three key-topics were highlighted: 1. Facts versus emotions in nature conservation; 2. Perceiving environmental changes and the responsibility for conserving nature; and, 3. Current challenges and future visions in nature conservation. In the following, these topics are elaborated based on personal statements from Wolfgang Haber. Prime focus of this article are the German speaking countries of Central Europe. Two key aspects emerged from this interview: 1. Great efforts and success has taken place in the institutionalization of nature conservation and embedding it in legislation; 2. Significant changes in land use, particularly increase in land-use intensification and subsequent biodiversity loss occured despite great developments in nature conservation legislation. These changes and developments pose challenges and tasks for nature conservation in the future. According to Haber, nature conservation should focus stronger on environmental dynamics and should be implemented at the landscape level in the near future.

自然保护对我们的社会和政治产生了两极分化的影响。大自然被认为是人类生活的基础。与此同时，自然保护往往被视为经济增长的破坏性障碍。沃尔夫冈·哈伯是欧洲乃至全球自然保护的先驱和当代见证者。他的一生伴随着自然保护事业的发展和变化。2025年，沃尔夫冈·哈伯庆祝了他的100岁生日。为了纪念这个节日，我们根据结构化的采访指南进行了一次关于自然保育的采访。在这次采访中，重点强调了三个关键话题：1。自然保护中的事实与情感2. 认识环境变化及保育自然的责任；, 3。自然保育的当前挑战及未来展望。下面，这些话题是根据沃尔夫冈·哈伯的个人陈述来阐述的。这篇文章的主要焦点是中欧的德语国家。从这次采访中可以看出两个关键方面：1。在自然保护的制度化和立法方面取得了巨大成就；2. 土地利用发生了重大变化，特别是土地利用集约化的增加和随后的生物多样性丧失，尽管自然保护立法取得了很大发展。这些变化和发展对未来的自然保育提出了挑战和任务。根据Haber的观点，自然保护应该更加关注环境动态，并在不久的将来在景观层面上实施。

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