Charlene L.M. Lam , Tom J. Barry , Jenny Yiend , Tatia M.C. Lee
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Extinction learning is regarded as a core mechanism underlying exposure therapy. The extent to which learned threats can be extinguished without conscious awareness is a controversial and on-going debate. We investigated whether implicit vs. explicit exposure to a threatened stimulus can modulate defence responses measured using pupillometry. Healthy participants underwent a threat conditioning paradigm in which one of the conditioned stimuli (CS) was perceptually suppressed using continuous flash suppression (CFS). Participants’ pupillary responses, CS pleasantness ratings, and trial-by-trial awareness of the CS were recorded. During Extinction, participants’ pupils dilated more in the trials in which they were unaware of the CS than in those in which they were aware of it (Cohen’s d = 0.57). After reinstatement, the percentage of fear recovery was greater for the CFS-suppressed CS than the CS with full awareness. The current study suggests that the modulation of fear responses by extinction with reduced visual awareness is weaker compared to extinction with full perceptual awareness.
消退学习被认为是暴露疗法的核心机制。习得的威胁在多大程度上可以在没有意识的情况下被消灭,这是一个有争议和持续的辩论。我们研究了内隐和外显暴露于威胁刺激是否可以调节使用瞳孔测量法测量的防御反应。健康被试经历了一个威胁条件反射范式,其中一个条件刺激(CS)被连续闪光抑制(CFS)感知抑制。参与者的瞳孔反应、CS愉快度评分和对CS的一次又一次认知被记录下来。在“灭绝”过程中,受试者在不知道CS的情况下瞳孔放大的幅度大于知道CS的情况(Cohen’s d = 0.57)。恢复后,cfs抑制的CS的恐惧恢复百分比大于完全意识的CS。目前的研究表明,与完全知觉的消退相比,视觉意识减弱的消退对恐惧反应的调节作用较弱。
期刊介绍:
Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal provides a forum for a natural-science approach to the issues of consciousness, voluntary control, and self. The journal features empirical research (in the form of regular articles and short reports) and theoretical articles. Integrative theoretical and critical literature reviews, and tutorial reviews are also published. The journal aims to be both scientifically rigorous and open to novel contributions.