Consciousness and Cognition最新文献

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Experience after Floatation-REST: Relaxation during floating mediates the afterglow effect

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103836

Iraklis Pantazis , Marc Wittmann

The term “afterglow” originally described the heightened mood and relaxation following psychedelics and later extended to other altered states. Despite anecdotal reports, little research has explored this effect, especially in Floatation-REST (Reduced Environmental Stimulation Technique). In this method, individuals float in thermoneutral, supersaturated salt water in a dark, quiet tank. Using a crossover design, 34 participants (17 females, 17 males; avg. age 32.2, SD = 8.8) were randomized to 60 min of Floatation-REST or Bed-REST (a control condition on a waterbed). Floatation-REST induced significantly weaker body boundaries, significantly stronger time distortion, and significantly greater relaxation. Post-exposure, participants reported a significantly stronger afterglow, significantly more state mindfulness, and significantly greater interoceptive awareness. Mediation analysis showed relaxation during floating fully explains the afterglow effect. These findings align with psychedelic research, suggesting Floatation-REST elicits similar effects and laying the groundwork for future studies on prolonged afterglow experiences.

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引用次数: 0

Earworms as ‘mental habits’: Involuntary musical imagery is associated with a wide range of habitual behaviors

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103834

Chris M. Dodds

Earworms have been associated with symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), indicating a link to neurocognitive systems involved in the regulation of habitual behavior. The present study investigated whether earworms are associated with a range of habits and compulsions, and with a broader tendency to behave in habitual, routine ways in everyday life. Participants (N = 883) completed an online survey measuring frequency of earworms, other habits and compulsions, everyday habitual tendencies and anxiety. Habitual tendencies in everyday life positively predicted earworm frequency, control and disturbance, even when controlling for anxiety. Furthermore, earworms were strongly associated with 22 other habitual behaviors and compulsions, with the strongest associations being observed for repetitive motor behaviors such as foot tapping, and repetitive mental behaviors such as counting and spelling. These findings suggest that previously observed associations between earworms and OCD symptomatology might be due to a common basis in systems that produce and regulate habitual behavior.

引用次数: 0

Investigating automatic processing preference in high trait anxiety individuals: Behavioral and neuroelectrophysiological evidence

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103833

Huili Xing , Ronglian Zheng , Yining Kou , Yihan Wu , Jiashan Sima , Shuqing Feng , Yunwen Peng , Feng Zou , Yufeng Wang , Xin Wu , Congcong Liu , Mei Du , Meng Zhang

The Trait Anxiety Attention Control Theory suggests an imbalance in high trait anxiety individuals between bottom-up and top-down processing. To investigate this theory, we designed an experimental paradigm combining task-switching and Stroop tasks to investigate behavioral and neuroelectrophysiological features in trait anxiety. The results revealed a significant negative correlation between trait anxiety levels and switch costs, indicating a preference for automatic processing among those with high trait anxiety. Additionally, the EEG findings demonstrated that individuals with high trait anxiety exhibit a preference for automatic processing, as evidenced by the N4 latency and increased beta power during switch tasks. The consistency of these results across behavioral, ERPs, and time–frequency analyses suggests a propensity for automatic processing in high trait anxiety individuals, disrupting the equilibrium between top-down and bottom-up processes. This research offers empirical support for the Attention Control Theory, enhancing our comprehension of behavioral deviations and neural mechanisms in trait anxiety.

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引用次数: 0

Disentangling task conflict and information conflict in the Stroop task

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103820

Eldad Keha , Eyal Kalanthroff

This study aims to test the interplay between task and information conflicts in the Stroop task. Specifically, we will measure task conflict (RTneutral words − RTneutral shapes) while controlling for frequency and contingency learning effects. By doing so, the current study will resolve inconsistencies and potential confounds that existed in previous studies. We will recruit 500 participants who will perform the color-word Stroop task and will be randomized to one of four different groups: mostly words with congruent trials, mostly symbols with congruent trials, mostly words with incongruent trials, and mostly symbols with incongruent trials and task conflict will be measured in each group. We predict a strong task conflict in the mostly symbols with congruent condition, indicating that task conflict can manifest independently of information conflict. Additionally, we expect an increased task conflict marker in the presence of incongruent trials, indicating that information conflict enhances task control activation.

引用次数: 0

States of mind: Towards a common classification of mental states

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103828

Charlotte Van den Driessche , Clotilde Chappé , Mahiko Konishi , Axel Cleeremans , Jérôme Sackur

Thanks to the wealth of studies on mind-wandering, the stream of thought has now become, again, the focus of mainstream investigations in cognitive psychology. Yet, how one should describe and measure the stream of thought is still very much left undecided. Here, we approach the problem through the notion of mental states. Based on conceptual analysis and previous empirical data, we identify five states: focus, task-related interference, external distraction, daydream, and blank. We ask the question whether this classification (the Classification of Mental States − CoMS-5T) − provides an adequate partition of mental states. To do so, first, we rely on participants’ free verbal reports of their mental contents, that were then classified off-line by external raters. We provide evidence for the construct validity of the CoMS-5T and for its neutrality, in the sense that it does bias participants’ reports. Second, we provide evidence for the criterion validity of the CoMS-5T: by means of a reanalysis of a large data set made available by Beikmohamadi and Meier (2022), we find distinct behavioural signatures for four of the five states in the CoMS.

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引用次数: 0

A developmental perspective on mind wandering and its relation to goal-directed thought

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103832

Maria K. Pavlova

Mind wandering (i.e., thoughts drifting from one topic to another, with no immediate connection to the perceptual field or the ongoing task) is a widespread cognitive phenomenon. There has been increasing research interest in mind wandering in children and adolescents. However, the developmental origins of this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In the present article, I summarize the purported cognitive mechanisms of mind wandering in adults and review the empirical findings on mind wandering and automatic memory retrieval in children and adolescents. I propose a comprehensive account of the emergence of mind wandering in early and middle childhood, covering the development of its central components identified in the adult literature: motivational and emotional processes, episodic and semantic processes, perceptual decoupling, and meta-awareness. Paying special attention to the roles of developing motivation and executive control, I then address the relationship between mind wandering and goal-directed thought in children.

引用次数: 0

Individual differences in prioritization for consciousness and the conscious detection of changes

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103831

Gal R. Chen , Yuval Harris , Ran R. Hassin

A recent discovery documented robust and reliable individual differences in how quickly people become aware of non-conscious visual stimuli (Sklar, Goldstein, et al., 2021). Given the seemingly large role that conscious experiences play in our lives, this trait is likely to be associated with later cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes. Here we examine the possible implications of this trait to perceptual conscious experiences. In two experiments we demonstrate that the speed of prioritization to awareness is correlated with the ability to notice changes in a change blindness paradigm. The first experiment (N = 97) found a correlation between prioritization speed and multiple parameters of change blindness performance. The second, preregistered, replication experiment (N = 99), further demonstrated that variability in other perceptual-decision making tasks cannot account for this correlation. The results of both experiments suggest that prioritization speed is tightly related with conscious experiences in other situations.

引用次数: 0

Reverse-breaking CFS (rev-bCFS): Disentangling conscious and unconscious effects by measuring suppression and dominance times during continuous flash suppression

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103830

Tommaso Ciorli , Lorenzo Pia , Timo Stein

Breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS) is a widely used experimental paradigm that exploits detection tasks to measure the time an invisible stimulus requires to access awareness. One unresolved issue is whether differences in detection times reflect unconscious or conscious processing. To answer this question, here we introduce a novel approach (reverse-bCFS [rev-bCFS]) that measures the time an initially visible stimulus requires to be suppressed from awareness. Results from two experiments using face stimuli indicate that rev-bCFS can capture conscious effects, which indicates that contrasting standard bCFS with rev-bCFS can isolate unconscious processing occurring specifically during bCFS. For example, while face inversion impacted both bCFS and rev-bCFS, effects were larger in bCFS, suggesting a distinct contribution of unconscious processing to the advantage of upright over inverted faces in accessing awareness. Combining standard bCFS and rev-bCFS may offer a fruitful approach to disentangle conscious and unconscious effects occurring during interocular suppression.

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引用次数: 0

Curiosity and reward after unsuccessful memory recall

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103829

Gregory Brooks , Stefan Köhler

Curiosity is a motivational state characterized by the desire to obtain knowledge. Prior research suggests that metacognitive experiences during unsuccessful memory recall may induce curiosity. Specifically, feeling-of-knowing (FOK) experiences have been associated with increased subsequent information-seeking behaviour for inaccessible information. Here, we further investigated this relationship by focusing on subjective experiences of curiosity and reward. Our paradigm required learning of face-name associations followed by probing of name recall and FOK experiences on unsuccessful trials. Subsequently, participants rated their curiosity (Experiment 1) or made information-seeking choices and rated their satisfaction upon completion (Experiment 2). Results showed, as predicted, that FOK experiences correlate with subjective ratings of curiosity as well as information-seeking choices. Critically, we found they are also positively correlated with satisfaction reported upon exposure to sought information. These correlational findings converge to suggest that unsuccessful memory recall shapes subsequent information seeking behaviour through a combination of metacognitive and reward-based mechanisms.

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引用次数: 0

How “diagnostic” criteria interact to shape synesthetic behavior: The role of self-report and test–retest consistency in synesthesia research

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2025.103819

Nicholas Root , Ana Chkhaidze , Helena Melero , Anton Sidoroff-Dorso , Gregor Volberg , Yijia Zhang , Romke Rouw

In the past few decades, researchers have established synesthesia as a genuine phenomenon, identified its characteristics (in particular, its automatic, specific and consistent nature), and developed “gold standard” inclusion criteria for research: synesthetes are participants that self-report synesthetic experiences and have consistent (beyond a “cutoff” score) inducer-to-concurrent pairings. While this approach has significantly advanced scientific progress, it can confuse interpretation of research findings due to its inherent circularity: consistency will always appear to be a defining characteristic of synesthesia so long as it is also an inclusion criterion for synesthesia studies. Here, we aim to clarify the relationship between self-report and consistency in “diagnosing”¹ synesthesia. In four experiments, we find that: (1) the optimal consistency cutoff score differs across languages; (2) self-reported synesthetes that “fail” consistency tests can still behave like synesthetes – to our knowledge the first objective evidence that “inconsistent synesthesia” is a genuine phenomenon; (3) Using self-report as the sole inclusion criterion does not significantly change the effect size of two measures of synesthetic behavior (the synesthetic Stroop and synesthetic color Palette); and (4) Consistency influences Stroop effect size in self-reported synesthetes only, but influences the Palette in both synesthetes and non-synesthete controls. We conclude that (in certain cases) self-report alone is a sufficient diagnostic criterion for synesthesia, and that synesthesia studies can increase explanatory power by using raw consistency scores as a covariate in analyses, rather than as an inclusion criterion.

{"title":"How “diagnostic” criteria interact to shape synesthetic behavior: The role of self-report and test–retest consistency in synesthesia research","authors":"Nicholas Root , Ana Chkhaidze , Helena Melero , Anton Sidoroff-Dorso , Gregor Volberg , Yijia Zhang , Romke Rouw","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past few decades, researchers have established synesthesia as a genuine phenomenon, identified its characteristics (in particular, its automatic, specific and consistent nature), and developed “gold standard” inclusion criteria for research: synesthetes are participants that self-report synesthetic experiences <em>and</em> have consistent (beyond a “cutoff” score) inducer-to-concurrent pairings. While this approach has significantly advanced scientific progress, it can confuse interpretation of research findings due to its inherent circularity: consistency will always appear to be a defining characteristic of synesthesia so long as it is also an inclusion criterion for synesthesia studies. Here, we aim to clarify the relationship between self-report and consistency in “diagnosing”<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> synesthesia. In four experiments, we find that: (1) the optimal consistency cutoff score differs across languages; (2) self-reported synesthetes that “fail” consistency tests can still behave like synesthetes – to our knowledge the first objective evidence that “inconsistent synesthesia” is a genuine phenomenon; (3) Using self-report as the sole inclusion criterion does not significantly change the effect size of two measures of synesthetic behavior (the synesthetic Stroop and synesthetic color Palette); and (4) Consistency influences Stroop effect size in self-reported synesthetes only, but influences the Palette in both synesthetes and non-synesthete controls. We conclude that (in certain cases) self-report alone is a sufficient diagnostic criterion for synesthesia, and that synesthesia studies can increase explanatory power by using raw consistency scores as a covariate in analyses, rather than as an inclusion criterion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 103819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143314275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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