Consciousness and Cognition最新文献

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Better bridges: Integrating the neuroscience and philosophy of consciousness 更好的桥梁：整合神经科学与意识哲学。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103774

Benjamin Kozuch

Contemporary consciousness research has given rise to numerous theories in both the philosophical and neuroscientific domains (such as higher-order theory and global neuronal workspace), raising the question as to how well each is supported. This article develops a relatively novel method for determining this, which is to use evidence, not just from a theory’s own domain, but also from its complementary domain (e.g., neuroscientific evidence is used to judge a philosophical theory, and vice versa). This approach works when a neuroscientific and a philosophical theory are conceptually linked, allowing evidence confirming or disconfirming one theory to do the same for the other. After developing this method, the article uses it to draw conclusions concerning some of our leading neuroscientific and philosophical theories of consciousness, including first- and second-order representationalism and theories emphasizing the prefrontal cortex’s role in consciousness.

当代意识研究在哲学和神经科学领域（如高阶理论和全局神经元工作空间）都产生了许多理论，这就提出了一个问题：每种理论的支持程度如何？本文提出了一种相对新颖的判断方法，即不仅使用理论自身领域的证据，还使用其互补领域的证据（例如，使用神经科学证据来判断哲学理论，反之亦然）。当神经科学理论和哲学理论在概念上相互关联时，这种方法就能发挥作用，使证实或不证实一种理论的证据也能用于另一种理论。在发展了这种方法之后，文章用它来得出一些关于意识的主要神经科学和哲学理论的结论，包括一阶和二阶表象主义以及强调前额叶皮层在意识中的作用的理论。

引用次数: 0

Ontological conceptions of information cannot account for consciousness 本体论的信息概念无法解释意识。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103772

Peter Ulric Tse

Epistemological and ontological conceptions of information are contrasted. The former are based on acts of decoding of extrinsic inputs that result in a decoder becoming informed. The latter are based on intrinsic states or state changes of the system independent of any external factors such as inputs to the system. Ontological conceptions of information, such as those that underlie integrated information theory or any theory that allies itself with panpsychism, are not able to account for consciousness. In the only physical systems that are known to be conscious, namely, animal brains, acts of decoding extrinsic inputs are central to creating consciousness and its contents. Moreover, only a very specific subset of decodings should realize consciousness, because consciousness in animals evolved to create an evaluative experience of what is intrinsically true about the world and the body, which is then used in a perception–action cycle that affords choices among options for behaving in the world in order to accomplish goals.

信息的认识论概念与本体论概念形成了鲜明对比。前者基于对外部输入的解码行为，解码者由此获得信息。后者则基于系统的内在状态或状态变化，与任何外部因素（如系统输入）无关。信息的本体论概念，如作为综合信息理论或任何与泛心理主义结盟的理论基础的概念，都无法解释意识。在已知唯一具有意识的物理系统，即动物大脑中，解码外在输入的行为是产生意识及其内容的核心。此外，只有非常特定的解码子集才能实现意识，因为动物的意识进化是为了创造一种对世界和身体内在真实情况的评价性体验，然后将这种体验用于感知-行动循环，从而在世界行为选项中做出选择，以实现目标。

引用次数: 0

The body mirroring thought: The relationship between thought transitions and fluctuations in autonomic nervous activity mediated by interoception 身体反映思维：思维转换与内感知介导的自律神经活动波动之间的关系

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103770

Mai Sakuragi , Kazushi Shinagawa , Yuri Terasawa , Satoshi Umeda

Our thought states change without intention. This study verified that the transition of thought states varies with fluctuations in autonomic nervous activity, and that this effect is modulated by interoceptive accuracy. The participants completed the heartbeat counting task (HCT) and vigilance task. We assessed the participants’ interoceptive accuracy based on their performance on the HCT. The vigilance task is a simple attention task, and during this task, we asked the participants to report the content and contemplation of their thoughts. Consequently, participants with accurate interoception were more likely to remain in a highly contemplative thought state when parasympathetic activity was suppressed. In contrast, the dominance of parasympathetic activity facilitated transitions to different thought states or experiences of less contemplative thought states in them. The results suggest that even subtle changes in bodily responses at rest can affect thought transitions in people with accurate interoception.

我们的思维状态会在无意中发生变化。这项研究验证了思维状态的转换会随着自律神经活动的波动而变化，而且这种影响会受到感知间准确性的调节。参与者完成了心跳计数任务（HCT）和警觉任务。我们根据参试者在心跳计数任务中的表现来评估他们的感知间准确性。警觉任务是一项简单的注意力任务，在这项任务中，我们要求受试者报告他们的思想内容和思考情况。因此，当副交感神经活动受到抑制时，具有准确内感知能力的参与者更有可能保持高度沉思的思维状态。与此相反，副交感神经活动占主导地位则会促进参与者过渡到不同的思维状态或体验到较少沉思的思维状态。这些结果表明，即使是身体反应在休息时的细微变化，也会影响具有准确内感知能力的人的思维转换。

引用次数: 0

The temporal profile of self-prioritization 自我优先化的时间轮廓。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103763

Parnian Jalalian, Marius Golubickis, Yadvi Sharma, C. Neil Macrae

Personal relevance exerts a powerful influence on decisional processing, such that arbitrary stimuli associated with the self are classified more rapidly than identical material linked with other people. Notwithstanding numerous demonstrations of this facilitatory effect, it remains unclear whether self-prioritization is a temporally stable outcome of decision-making. Accordingly, using a shape-label matching task in combination with computational modeling, the current experiment investigated this matter. The results were informative. First, regardless of the target of comparison (i.e., friend or stranger), self-prioritization was a persistent product of decision-making across the testing session. Second, a variant of the standard drift diffusion model in which decisional boundaries collapsed gradually over the course of the task best fit the observed data. Third, whereas the efficiency of stimulus processing increased for other-related stimuli during the task, it decreased for self-related material. Collectively, these findings advance understanding of the temporal profile of self-prioritization.

个人相关性对决策处理具有强大的影响，因此与他人相关的相同材料相比，与自己相关的任意刺激会更快地被分类。尽管这种促进作用已被大量证明，但自我优先是否是决策过程中一种时间上稳定的结果仍不清楚。因此，本实验利用形状标签匹配任务结合计算模型，对这一问题进行了研究。实验结果很有启发性。首先，无论比较的目标是什么（即朋友还是陌生人），自我优先化都是整个测试过程中决策的持续产物。其次，标准漂移扩散模型的变体，即决策边界在任务过程中逐渐崩溃，最符合观察到的数据。第三，在任务过程中，与他人相关的刺激物的刺激处理效率会提高，而与自身相关的材料的刺激处理效率则会降低。总之，这些发现有助于人们理解自我优先化的时间轮廓。

引用次数: 0

Stretching the limits of automated symbolic orienting 拓展自动符号定向的极限。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103773

Mario Dalmaso , Giovanni Galfano , Luigi Castelli

Arrows trigger reflexive shifts of attention and instantiate the prototypical example of automated symbolic orienting. We conducted four experiments to further test the boundary conditions of this phenomenon. Participants discriminated a peripheral target while spatially uninformative arrows, pointing leftwards or rightwards, appeared at fixation. In all experiments, arrow direction could either randomly vary (intermixed condition) or be kept constant within a block of trials (blocked condition). Moreover, in Experiments 3 and 4, a direction word presented at the beginning of the trial informed participants about the target location with 100% certainty. Overall, the results highlighted a significant arrow-driven orienting effect in both the blocked and the intermixed conditions. The present findings support the notion that automated symbolic orienting is resistant to suppression in that it endures even when the context should stress the uninformative nature of the arrows while also creating ideal conditions to boost participants’ tendency to ignore them.

箭头会触发注意力的反射性转移，是自动符号定向的典型实例。我们进行了四项实验来进一步检验这一现象的边界条件。参与者在辨别一个外围目标时，定点处会出现指向左侧或右侧的无空间信息的箭头。在所有实验中，箭头方向既可以随机变化（混合条件），也可以在一个试验块内保持不变（阻断条件）。此外，在实验 3 和实验 4 中，试验开始时会出现一个方向词，以 100% 的确定性告知参与者目标位置。总之，实验结果表明，在阻断条件和混合条件下，箭头驱动的定向效应都很明显。本研究结果支持这样一种观点，即自动符号定向对抑制具有抵抗力，因为即使在强调箭头不具信息性的情境中，同时也创造了理想的条件来增强参与者忽略箭头的倾向时，自动符号定向仍会持续。

引用次数: 0

Finding oneself in someone else’s shoes: The role of perspective in literary texts 站在别人的立场上寻找自我：文学文本中视角的作用

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103767

Giorgia Tosi , Noemi Bonali , Daniele Romano

Embodiment refers to the possibility of processing external objects as part of one’s body. Similarly, absorption refers to the subjective experience of being absorbed in a narrative text and identifying with characters. Embodiment and absorption in literary texts have in common the idea of finding oneself in someone else’s shoes. Recent studies have shown that embodiment is influenced by the perspective used to induce the illusion. The present study aimed to assess whether absorption in literary texts was modulated by perspective too. We first confirmed the reliability of the absorption measure (Story World Absorption Scale − SWAS) in Italian. Then, we used a Bayesian approach to assess the impact of the story perspective on the perceived absorption. Our results showed that, unlike embodiment, the level of absorption is not influenced by the narrative’s perspective, suggesting that different processes underlie the two experiences of self-projection.

体现指的是将外部对象作为自己身体的一部分来处理的可能性。同样，吸收指的是融入叙事文本并认同人物的主观体验。文学文本中的 "体现 "和 "吸收 "的共同点是 "设身处地"。最近的研究表明，"体现 "会受到诱发幻觉的视角的影响。本研究旨在评估文学文本中的吸收是否也受视角的影响。我们首先确认了意大利语吸收测量（故事世界吸收量表--SWAS）的可靠性。然后，我们使用贝叶斯方法评估了故事视角对感知吸收的影响。我们的结果表明，与 "体现 "不同，"吸收 "的程度不受叙事视角的影响，这表明自我投射的两种体验有着不同的过程。

引用次数: 0

Partial awareness during voluntary endogenous decision 在自愿内生决定过程中的部分意识

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103769

Benjamin Rebouillat , Nicolas Barascud , Sid Kouider

Despite our feeling of control over decisions, our ability to consciously access choices before execution remains debated. Recent research reveals prospective access to intention to act, allowing potential vetoes of impending decisions. However, whether the content of impending decision can be accessed remain debated. Here we track neural signals during participants’ early deliberation in free decisions. Participants chose freely between two options but sometimes had to reject their current decision just before execution. The initially preferred option, tracked in real time, significantly predicts the upcoming choice, but remain mostly outside of conscious awareness. Participants often display overconfidence in their access to this content. Instead, confidence is associated with a neural marker of self-initiated decision, indicating a qualitative confusion in the confidence evaluation process. Our results challenge the notion of complete agency over choices, suggesting inflated awareness of forthcoming decisions and providing insights into metacognitive processes in free decision-making.

尽管我们感觉自己可以控制决策，但我们在执行决策前有意识地做出选择的能力仍然存在争议。最近的研究表明，我们可以预见到行动的意图，从而有可能否决即将做出的决定。然而，能否获取即将做出的决定的内容仍然存在争议。在这里，我们追踪了参与者在自由决策中进行早期商议时的神经信号。参与者在两个选项中自由选择，但有时不得不在执行前否决当前决定。实时追踪到的最初的首选方案能显著预测即将做出的选择，但大部分情况下仍处于意识之外。参与者在获取这些内容时往往表现得过于自信。相反，自信与自我启动决策的神经标记相关联，表明自信评估过程中存在定性混乱。我们的研究结果对完全代理选择的概念提出了质疑，表明了对即将做出的决定的过度认知，并为自由决策中的元认知过程提供了启示。

引用次数: 0

Real-world Statistical Regularity Impacts Inattentional Blindness 真实世界的统计规律性会影响注意力盲区。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103768

Ling Lee Chong, Diane M. Beck

Does the likelihood of us experiencing inattentional blindness depend on whether the scenes are statistically regular (e.g., probable) or not? Previous studies have shown that observers find it harder to perceive real-world statistical irregularities, such as improbable (statistically irregular) scenes (e.g., scenes unlikely to take place in the real world) as opposed to probable (statistically regular) scenes. Moreover, high inattentional blindness rates have been observed for improbable stimuli (e.g., a gorilla on a college campus). However, no one has directly compared noticing rates for probable and improbable scenes. Here we ask if people are more likely to experience inattentional blindness for improbable than probable scenes. In two large-scale experiments in which one group of participants is presented, on the critical trial, with a probable scene and the other group with an improbable scene, we observed higher rates of inattention blindness for participants receiving improbable scenes than those receiving probable scenes.

我们是否有可能出现注意力不集中的盲目现象，这取决于场景在统计上是否有规律（如可能）？以往的研究表明，观察者更难感知现实世界中的统计不规则现象，如不可能（统计不规则）场景（如不可能发生在现实世界中的场景），而不是可能（统计规则）场景。此外，对于不可能的刺激物（如大学校园里的大猩猩），人们也观察到了较高的无意盲视率。然而，还没有人直接比较过对可能场景和不可能场景的注意率。在这里，我们要问的是，与可能出现的场景相比，人们是否更容易对不可能出现的场景视而不见。在两个大型实验中，一组参与者在关键试验中看到的是可能出现的场景，另一组参与者看到的是不可能出现的场景。

引用次数: 0

Relation between Deese-Roediger-Mcdermott recall measures of false memory and the fading affect bias 假记忆的 Deese-Roediger-Mcdermott 回忆测量与消退影响偏差之间的关系。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103761

Jeffrey A. Gibbons , Matthew Traversa , Lauren Chadwick , Emily Peterson , Richard Walker

The fading affect bias (FAB) is the faster fading of unpleasant affect than pleasant affect for autobiographical event memories, and it is considered a healthy coping mechanism because it is positively related to healthy measures (e.g., self-esteem and positive PANAS), whereas it is negatively related to unhealthy measures (e.g., psychological distress and negative PANAS). Some researchers suggest that Deese-Roediger McDermott (DRM) critical lure false memories for words are conceptually equivalent to false memories for autobiographical event memories, which has not been examined. Based on the finding that false autobiographical event memories negatively predict FAB, the current study tested if false DRM word memories would negatively predict FAB for autobiographical event memories, which would demonstrate support for the conceptual equivalence of DRM memories and autobiographical event memories. We found that three measures of false word recall positively predicted FAB, which is a result that is contrary to prior findings and the contention that DRM false memories for words are conceptually the same as autobiographical event memories.

情感消退偏差（FAB）是指自传性事件记忆中不愉快情感的消退速度快于愉快情感的消退速度，它被认为是一种健康的应对机制，因为它与健康的测量指标（如自尊和积极的 PANAS）呈正相关，而与不健康的测量指标（如心理困扰和消极的 PANAS）呈负相关。一些研究人员认为，Deese-Roediger McDermott（DRM）临界引诱词的虚假记忆在概念上等同于自传体事件记忆的虚假记忆，但这一观点尚未得到研究。基于虚假自传事件记忆对 FAB 负向预测的发现，本研究测试了虚假 DRM 单词记忆是否会对自传事件记忆的 FAB 负向预测，这将证明 DRM 记忆和自传事件记忆在概念上等同。我们发现，对虚假词语回忆的三种测量方法对 FAB 有正向预测作用，这一结果与之前的研究结果以及 DRM 虚假词语记忆在概念上与自传体事件记忆相同的论点相反。

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引用次数: 0

Implicit semantics gates visual awareness 内隐语义学门视觉意识。

IF 2.1 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Consciousness and Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103771

Shao-Min Hung , Daw-An Wu , Po-Jang Hsieh , Shinsuke Shimojo

The current study asked whether impoverished peripheral vision led to perception immune from word-based semantic influences. We leveraged a peripheral sound-induced flash illusion. In each trial, two or three Mandarin characters were flashed quickly in the periphery with number-congruent or -incongruent beeps. We first successfully replicated the original illusions, showing auditory dominance. For example, when three characters were presented together with two beeps, the observer reported perceiving only two characters. Similarly, an additional beep induced an illusory visual percept. Crucially, when the three characters formed a meaningful word, the lack of a concurrent beep suppressed the awareness to a greater extent. A separate experiment replicated the effect on participants who were unable to recognize the words. When the reading was disrupted by reversing the presentation order, the effect disappeared. These findings demonstrate the capacity of our visual system to extract peripheral linguistic information without conscious word recognition.

本研究探讨了外围视觉的贫乏是否会导致感知不受基于词汇的语义影响。我们利用了外围声音引起的闪光错觉。在每次试验中，两个或三个普通话字符伴随着数字一致或不一致的蜂鸣声在外围快速闪现。我们首先成功地复制了原始幻觉，显示出听觉占主导地位。例如，当三个字符与两声蜂鸣声同时出现时，观察者只感知到两个字符。同样，额外的 "哔 "声也会引起幻觉性视觉感知。最重要的是，当三个字符组成一个有意义的单词时，如果没有同时发出蜂鸣声，则会在更大程度上抑制感知。另一项实验在无法识别单词的参与者身上复制了这一效果。当通过颠倒呈现顺序来扰乱阅读时，这种效应消失了。这些发现表明，我们的视觉系统有能力在不有意识识别单词的情况下提取外围语言信息。

引用次数: 0

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Consciousness and Cognition

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