A Review of the Factors Influencing Variations in the Heartwood Proportion for Solid Wood

IF 0.7 Q3 FORESTRY SEEFOR-South-East European Forestry Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI:10.15177/seefor.23-15

Rizki Arisandi, Sri Nugroho Marsoem, Johanes Pramana Gentur Sutapa, Ganis Lukmandaru

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Abstract

Using 146 journals, 6 chapters, 4 reports, 2 books, and a proceeding, this research seeks to investigate the factors that influence variations in the proportion of heartwood. The data were collected through an online search in databases such as Scopus, Science Citation Index, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate with seven search queries, namely heartwood variability, heartwood proportion, tree age of heartwood, growth rate of heartwood, silvicultural treatment of heartwood, as well as genetic and environmental effects of heartwood. By eliminating papers that were out of topic or title, purpose and year of publication, 67 journal articles, 4 chapters, 3 reports, a book, and a proceeding were selected. The review results showed that the amount of heartwood was influenced by its position in the tree, tree variations, such as age, growth rate, and species/genera, as well as the growing conditions, including location and environmental factors. It is also affected by various silvicultural treatments, namely spacing, thinning, pruning, fertilization, and irrigation. These findings indicate that the amount of heartwood is more controlled by the diameter of the wood than the age. Furthermore, several studies reported that the growth rate of sapwood rings was significantly higher than the heartwood rings, which can reduce the quality of solid wood used for construction. Therefore, it is necessary to control the proportion of heartwood through genetics and environmental factors, especially genetics, which has more effects on the growth rate of tree diameter than environmental factors. Previous studies revealed that tree diameter has a weak or negative correlation with other wood properties, such as basic density, color, and wood stiffness, which are generally important in global markets. It is important for breeders to concentrate on using species with superior genetic variations as well, especially the highly demanded traits in further studies.

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实木心材比例变化的影响因素研究进展

本研究利用146种期刊、6章、4篇报告、2本书和1篇论文集，探讨影响心材比例变化的因素。数据通过Scopus、Science Citation Index、Science Direct、Google Scholar、ResearchGate等数据库进行在线检索，检索内容为:心材变异性、心材比例、心材树龄、心材生长率、心材造林处理、心材遗传和环境效应。通过剔除与主题、标题、目的和出版年份无关的论文，我们选择了67篇期刊文章、4章、3篇报告、1本书和1篇论文。研究结果表明，心材用量受其在树中的位置、树龄、生长速率、种/属等树木变异以及生长条件(地理位置和环境因素)的影响。它还受到各种造林处理的影响，即间距、间伐、修剪、施肥和灌溉。这些发现表明，心材的数量更多地受木材直径的控制，而不是年龄。此外，一些研究报道边材环的生长速度明显高于心材环，这可能会降低建筑用实木的质量。因此，有必要通过遗传和环境因素控制心材比例，特别是遗传对树径生长率的影响大于环境因素。先前的研究表明，树木直径与其他木材特性(如基本密度、颜色和木材硬度)呈弱相关或负相关，这些特性在全球市场上通常很重要。对于育种者来说，集中使用具有优良遗传变异的品种，特别是在进一步研究中要求很高的性状是很重要的。

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来源期刊

SEEFOR-South-East European Forestry FORESTRY-

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

16.70%

发文量

审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： The primary aim of the SEEFOR journal is to publish original, novel and quality articles and thus contribute to the development of scientific, research, operational and other activities in the field of forestry. Besides scientific, the objectives of the SEEFOR are educational and informative as well. SEEFOR should stimulate intensive professional and academic work, teaching, as well as physical cooperation of institutions and interdisciplinary collaboration, a faster ascendance and affirmation of young scientific personnel. SEEFOR should contribute to the stronger cooperation between the science, practice and society, and to the overall dissemination of the forestry way-of thinking. The scope of the journal’s interests encompasses all ecological, economical, technical, technological, social and other aspects of forestry and wood technology. The journal is open for publishing research from all geographical zones and study locations, whether they are conducted in natural forests, plantations or urban environments, as long as methods used in the research and obtained results are of high interest and importance to South-east European and international forestry.