Armenian (Yerevan Eastern Armenian and Beirut Western Armenian)

IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI:10.1017/s0025100323000130
Scott Seyfarth, Hossep Dolatian, Peter Guekguezian, Niamh Kelly, Tabita Toparlak
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Abstract

Armenian ( or , /hɑjeˈɾen/, ISO 639-1 hy) comprises an independent branch of the Indo-European language family. 1 Its earliest attested ancestor is Classical Armenian in the fifth century CE (see Godel 1975; Thomson 1989; DeLisi 2015; Macak 2016). Modern Armenian is classified into two dialect families: Eastern Armenian (ISO 639-3 hye) and Western Armenian (ISO 639-3 hyw). Eastern Armenian is spoken in modern-day Armenia, and large speaker communities also exist in Georgia, Russia and Iran (shown in Figure 1). Western Armenian was historically spoken in the Ottoman Empire, but now includes varieties spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora in the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas (Donabédian 2018). There are substantial Western Armenian speaker communities in Turkey (Istanbul), Lebanon (Beirut), Syria (Aleppo, Damascus), California (Fresno, Los Angeles County), France (Marseilles), Australia (Sydney) and Argentina (Buenos Aires). There are also recent diaspora communities of Eastern Armenian speakers in California (Karapetian 2014), as well as communities of Western Armenian speakers in Armenia who escaped the Armenian genocide during World War I, who repatriated after World War II, or who fled the ongoing Syrian civil war. UNESCO lists Western Armenian as an endangered language in Turkey, and there are significant language promotion efforts in many diaspora communities that are intended to combat declining use by speaker generations born in the Americas and Europe (Al-Bataineh 2015; Chahinian & Bakalian 2016).
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亚美尼亚语(埃里温东亚美尼亚语和贝鲁特西亚美尼亚语)
亚美尼亚语(或,/h æ je [h] en/, ISO 639-1 hy)是印欧语系的一个独立分支。它最早被证实的祖先是公元5世纪的古典亚美尼亚人(见哥德尔1975;汤姆森1989;DeLisi 2015;Macak 2016)。现代亚美尼亚语分为两个方言家族:东亚美尼亚语(ISO 639- 3hye)和西亚美尼亚语(ISO 639- 3hyw)。东亚美尼亚语在今天的亚美尼亚使用,在格鲁吉亚、俄罗斯和伊朗也存在大量的使用者群体(如图1所示)。西亚美尼亚语历史上是在奥斯曼帝国使用的,但现在包括了在中东、欧洲和美洲的亚美尼亚侨民使用的各种语言(donabsamdian 2018)。在土耳其(伊斯坦布尔)、黎巴嫩(贝鲁特)、叙利亚(阿勒颇、大马士革)、加利福尼亚(弗雷斯诺、洛杉矶县)、法国(马赛)、澳大利亚(悉尼)和阿根廷(布宜诺斯艾利斯)都有大量讲西部亚美尼亚语的社区。最近在加利福尼亚也有东部亚美尼亚语的侨民社区(Karapetian 2014),以及亚美尼亚西部亚美尼亚语社区,他们在第一次世界大战期间逃离了亚美尼亚种族灭绝,在第二次世界大战后被遣返,或者逃离了正在进行的叙利亚内战。联合国教科文组织将西亚美尼亚语列为土耳其的濒危语言,许多侨民社区开展了大量语言推广工作,旨在应对美洲和欧洲出生的几代人使用西亚美尼亚语的情况下降(Al-Bataineh 2015;Chahinian,Bakalian 2016)。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: The Journal of the International Phonetic Association (JIPA) is a forum for work in the fields of phonetic theory and description. As well as including papers on laboratory phonetics/phonology and related topics, the journal encourages submissions on practical applications of phonetics to areas such as phonetics teaching and speech therapy, as well as the analysis of speech phenomena in relation to computer speech processing. It is especially concerned with the theory behind the International Phonetic Alphabet and discussions of the use of symbols for illustrating the phonetic structures of a wide variety of languages. JIPA now publishes online audio files to supplement written articles Published for the International Phonetic Association
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