Design and Validation of a Virtual Reality Mental Rotation Test

IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ACM Transactions on Applied Perception Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI:10.1145/3626238
Kristin A. Bartlett, Almudena Palacios-Ibáñez, Jorge Dorribo Camba
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Abstract

Mental rotation, a common measure of spatial ability, has traditionally been assessed through paper-based instruments like the Mental Rotation Test (MRT) or the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations (PSVT:R). The fact that these instruments present 3D shapes in a 2D format devoid of natural cues like shading and perspective likely limits their ability to accurately assess the fundamental skill of mentally rotating 3D shapes. In this paper, we describe the Virtual Reality Mental Rotation Assessment (VRMRA), a virtual reality-based mental rotation assessment derived from the Revised PSVT:R and MRT. The VRMRA reimagines traditional mental rotation assessments in a room-scale virtual environment and uses hand-tracking and elements of gamification in attempts to create an intuitive, engaging experience for test-takers. To validate the instrument, we compared response patterns in the VRMRA with patterns observed on the MRT and Revised PSVT:R. For the PSVT:R-type questions, items requiring a rotation around two axes were significantly harder than items requiring rotations around a single axis in the VRMRA, which is not the case in the Revised PSVT:R. For the MRT-type questions in the VRMRA, a moderate negative correlation was found between the degree of rotation in the X direction and item difficulty. While the problem of occlusion was reduced, features of the shapes and distractors accounted for 50.6% of the variance in item difficulty. Results suggest that the VRMRA is likely a more accurate tool to assess mental rotation ability in comparison to traditional instruments which present the stimuli through 2D media. Our findings also point to potential problems with the fundamental designs of the Revised PSVT:R and MRT question formats.
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虚拟现实心理旋转测试的设计与验证
心理旋转是一种常见的空间能力测量方法,传统上通过基于纸张的工具进行评估,如心理旋转测试(MRT)或普渡空间可视化测试:旋转(PSVT:R)。事实上,这些工具以2D格式呈现3D形状,缺乏诸如阴影和透视等自然线索,这可能限制了它们准确评估心理旋转3D形状基本技能的能力。在本文中,我们描述了虚拟现实心理旋转评估(VRMRA),这是一种基于虚拟现实的心理旋转评估,源自修订的PSVT:R和MRT。VRMRA在一个房间规模的虚拟环境中重新构想了传统的心理旋转评估,并使用手部追踪和游戏化元素,试图为考生创造一种直观的、引人入胜的体验。为了验证该仪器,我们将VRMRA的反应模式与MRT和修订后的PSVT:R上观察到的反应模式进行了比较。对于PSVT:R类型的问题,在VRMRA中需要绕两个轴旋转的题目明显比需要绕一个轴旋转的题目难,而在修订后的PSVT:R中则不是这样。对于VRMRA中的mrt型题,X方向旋转程度与题目难度呈中度负相关。当遮挡问题减少时,形状和干扰物的特征占项目难度方差的50.6%。结果表明,与通过二维介质呈现刺激的传统仪器相比,VRMRA可能是评估心理旋转能力的更准确的工具。我们的研究结果还指出了修订后的PSVT:R和MRT问题格式的基本设计的潜在问题。
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来源期刊
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 工程技术-计算机:软件工程
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP) aims to strengthen the synergy between computer science and psychology/perception by publishing top quality papers that help to unify research in these fields. The journal publishes inter-disciplinary research of significant and lasting value in any topic area that spans both Computer Science and Perceptual Psychology. All papers must incorporate both perceptual and computer science components.
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