Feeling Anger yet Not Speaking Up: The Role of Observers’ Cultural Values in Anger and Bystanderism in Response to Supervisor Incivility

IF 5 3区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI:10.1177/15480518231205436
Da Yeon Her, Hock-Peng Sin
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Abstract

While observer reactions to perceived supervisor incivility (PSI) have been substantially studied, observer silence (i.e., bystanderism) and the emotional mechanisms and contingencies that engender it have been empirically underexplored. Drawing on deontic justice theory and the “cultural regulation of emotion” perspective, our research offers theoretical arguments and empirical evidence to understand observers’ anger in response to PSI and the resulting bystanderism. Across three studies using an online scenario, an online experiment, and a survey, we test a mediation model, moderation models, and moderated mediation models, respectively. Study 1 demonstrates that observer anger negatively mediates the relationship between PSI and bystanderism. Study 2 substantiates the buffering moderation effect of observer power distance on the positive relationship between PSI and anger. In addition to replicating the findings from the first two studies, Study 3 shows that observer power distance and collectivism mitigate the negative relationship between anger and bystanderism and then the negative indirect relationship between PSI and bystanderism via anger. Taken together, our findings suggest that although observers feel anger in response to PSI, the expression of such anger can be suppressed by power distance and collectivism, ultimately leading to bystanderism. We also discuss the implication and limitations (e.g., generalizability of our online experiment) of our study and call for further research involving leaders and followers in real-world contexts.
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感到愤怒而不说话:观察者的文化价值观在愤怒和旁观者对主管不文明行为的反应中的作用
虽然观察者对感知到的主管不文明行为的反应(PSI)已经进行了大量研究,但观察者沉默(即旁观者主义)以及产生沉默的情绪机制和偶然事件的经验探索不足。利用道义正义理论和“情绪的文化调节”视角,我们的研究为理解观察者对PSI的愤怒和由此产生的旁观者主义提供了理论论据和实证证据。通过使用在线场景、在线实验和调查的三项研究,我们分别测试了中介模型、调节模型和被调节的中介模型。研究1表明,观察者愤怒负向调节PSI与旁观者行为之间的关系。研究2证实了观察者权力距离对PSI与愤怒正相关的缓冲调节作用。除了重复前两项研究的结果外,研究3还表明,观察者权力距离和集体主义通过愤怒缓和了愤怒与旁观者主义之间的负向关系,然后缓和了PSI与旁观者主义之间的负向间接关系。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,尽管观察者对PSI感到愤怒,但这种愤怒的表达可以被权力距离和集体主义所抑制,最终导致旁观者主义。我们还讨论了我们的研究的含义和局限性(例如,我们的在线实验的普遍性),并呼吁在现实世界中对领导者和追随者进行进一步的研究。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
2.10%
发文量
23
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