A Wideband, High Gain and Low Sidelobe Array Antenna for Modern ETC Systems

IF 0.6 4区计算机科学 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI:10.13052/2023.aces.j.380506

Lan T. Tran, Chinh D. Khuat, Lam V. Phi

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Abstract

Modern electronic toll collection (ETC) systems are currently moving towards a system design that is capable of fast and optimal payment handling for a single lane. Thus, the antenna of a roadside reader unit (RSU) needs to provide sufficient coverage over the vehicle lane during a payment cycle. In this paper, a left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) 2×4 array antenna is proposed for European standard RSU readers at 5.8 GHz. The proposed array antenna consists of patch element antennas with parasitic elements to enhance gain and bandwidth. Sequential phase rotation feeding networks are applied to make the antenna low-profile. By using the optimized nut-shaped metasurface, the antenna can achieve higher gain due to concentrated radiation power in the boresight direction. The antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 2.34 GHz (37.73%), axis ratio bandwidth of 2.07 GHz (32.9%), high gain of 17 dBi, and sidelobe level (SLL) lower than -15 dB at 5.8 GHz. Especially, half-power beamwidths are 34∘ and 17∘ in horizontal and vertical planes, respectively, which covers sufficient space for a single lane while avoiding interference with other lanes. The performance of the proposed antenna is verified by measured results. It showed that the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for ETC applications.

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用于现代ETC系统的宽带、高增益、低旁瓣阵列天线

现代电子收费(ETC)系统目前正朝着能够对单车道进行快速和最佳付款处理的系统设计方向发展。因此，路边阅读器单元(RSU)的天线需要在支付周期内对车辆车道提供足够的覆盖。本文提出了一种适用于5.8 GHz欧洲标准RSU阅读器的左旋圆极化2×4阵列天线。该阵列天线由贴片元件天线和寄生元件组成，以提高增益和带宽。采用顺序相位旋转馈电网络，使天线外形较低。利用优化后的坚果型超表面，天线在轴视方向的辐射功率集中，可以获得更高的增益。该天线阻抗带宽为2.34 GHz(37.73%)，轴比带宽为2.07 GHz(32.9%)，高增益为17 dBi, 5.8 GHz时旁瓣电平(SLL)低于-15 dB。特别是，半功率波束宽度在水平和垂直平面分别为34°和17°，既为单车道覆盖了足够的空间，又避免了与其他车道的干扰。实测结果验证了该天线的性能。结果表明，该天线在ETC应用中具有良好的应用前景。

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来源期刊

Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

1.60

自引率

28.60%

发文量

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： The ACES Journal is devoted to the exchange of information in computational electromagnetics, to the advancement of the state of the art, and to the promotion of related technical activities. A primary objective of the information exchange is the elimination of the need to "re-invent the wheel" to solve a previously solved computational problem in electrical engineering, physics, or related fields of study. The ACES Journal welcomes original, previously unpublished papers, relating to applied computational electromagnetics. All papers are refereed. A unique feature of ACES Journal is the publication of unsuccessful efforts in applied computational electromagnetics. Publication of such material provides a means to discuss problem areas in electromagnetic modeling. Manuscripts representing an unsuccessful application or negative result in computational electromagnetics is considered for publication only if a reasonable expectation of success (and a reasonable effort) are reflected. The technical activities promoted by this publication include code validation, performance analysis, and input/output standardization; code or technique optimization and error minimization; innovations in solution technique or in data input/output; identification of new applications for electromagnetics modeling codes and techniques; integration of computational electromagnetics techniques with new computer architectures; and correlation of computational parameters with physical mechanisms.