Wintertime ocean–atmosphere interaction processes associated with the SST variability in the North Pacific subarctic frontal zone

IF 3.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Climate Dynamics Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI:10.1007/s00382-023-06958-6
Qionghui Huang, Jiabei Fang, Lingfeng Tao, Xiu-Qun Yang
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Abstract

Abstract Recent research indicates that the midlatitude oceanic frontal zones are the key regions of ocean–atmosphere interaction. The thermal condition of midlatitude ocean in frontal zones can affect the atmosphere efficiently through both diabatic heating and transient eddy feedback. In this study, the wintertime SST variability in the subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ) of the North Pacific and the associated ocean–atmosphere interaction mechanism are examined based on observational and theoretical analyses. It is found that the SAFZ-related SST anomaly is characterized as a large-scale interannual mode that can persist during the whole winter, and that its evolution is accompanied with local ocean–atmosphere interaction processes. The initial anticyclonic surface wind anomaly associated with the weakened Aleutian Low forces a large-scale warm SST anomaly in midlatitude North Pacific by driving northward Ekman flow and downward heat flux. With the increase of SST anomaly, the air-sea heat flux exchange reverses, indicating that the ocean starts to heat the atmosphere. In addition to increasing the diabatic heating, the warm SST anomaly strengthens the SST gradient in the north part of SAFZ. The low-level atmospheric baroclinicity is adjusted to synchronize with the SAFZ correspondingly due to oceanic thermal influence, causing change of transient eddy activities. Though all the ocean-induced diabatic heating, transient eddy heating and transient eddy vorticity forcing are enhanced over SAFZ, the last physical process plays the most important role in shifting and maintaining the equivalent barotropic atmospheric circulation anomalies. Therefore, the ocean–atmosphere interaction provides a mechanism for the development and maintenance of SAFZ-related anomalies of the North Pacific ocean–atmosphere system throughout the winter.
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与北太平洋亚北极锋面区海温变率相关的冬季海洋-大气相互作用过程
摘要近年来的研究表明,中纬度海洋锋区是海洋-大气相互作用的关键区域。锋面区中纬度海洋的热状况可以通过非绝热加热和瞬态涡反馈两种方式有效地影响大气。本文在观测和理论分析的基础上,对北太平洋亚北极锋区冬季海温变率及其海-气相互作用机制进行了研究。研究发现,该海温异常具有持续整个冬季的大尺度年际模态特征,其演变过程伴随局地海气相互作用过程。与阿留申低压减弱相关的初始反气旋地面风异常通过驱动北向的Ekman流和向下的热通量,迫使北太平洋中纬度地区出现大尺度温暖海温异常。随着海温异常的增加,海气热通量交换发生逆转,表明海洋开始加热大气。温暖的海温异常除了增加非绝热加热外,还增强了南亚热区北部的海温梯度。由于海洋热影响,低空大气斜压性相应调整为与SAFZ同步,引起瞬态涡活动的变化。虽然海洋非绝热加热、瞬态涡旋加热和瞬态涡旋涡度强迫在南亚区域均有增强,但最后一个物理过程对等效正压大气环流异常的转移和维持起着最重要的作用。因此,海洋-大气相互作用为整个冬季北太平洋海洋-大气系统safz相关异常的发展和维持提供了机制。
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来源期刊
Climate Dynamics
Climate Dynamics 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
15.20%
发文量
483
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: The international journal Climate Dynamics provides for the publication of high-quality research on all aspects of the dynamics of the global climate system. Coverage includes original paleoclimatic, diagnostic, analytical and numerical modeling research on the structure and behavior of the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, biomass and land surface as interacting components of the dynamics of global climate. Contributions are focused on selected aspects of climate dynamics on particular scales of space or time. The journal also publishes reviews and papers emphasizing an integrated view of the physical and biogeochemical processes governing climate and climate change.
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