Disseminated Thymic Carcinoma: Case Report and Discussion on Problems of Treatment

Kristina Tumanova, Nidal Salim, Ilya Loyko, Alexander Stolbovoy, Kristina Tumanova, Igor Prokofiev
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Abstract

Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare epithelial malignancy often distinguished by significant local invasion and propensity for distant metastases. Representing approximately 20% of all thymic neoplasms, the primary therapeutic intervention for resectable tumors remains surgical resection. For those that are unresectable or metastatic, palliative platinum-based chemotherapy is standard. Despite these interventions, approximately 30% of these malignancies are already advanced upon initial presentation. The current 5-year survival rate for metastatic TC stands at approximately 38%, with a definitive optimal treatment regimen yet to be established. This case report delineates a comprehensive five-year clinical trajectory of a patient with advanced TC who exhibited resistance to systemic treatments but showed favorable response to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Through this case, we underscore the potential of SBRT as a viable therapeutic alternative for select metastatic TC patients. In our case, SBRT exhibited reliable local tumor control in each treated site with minimal side effects. To better understand the possibility of treatment options for disseminated TC more cases should be collected.
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播散性胸腺癌1例报告及治疗问题探讨
胸腺癌(TC)是一种罕见的上皮性恶性肿瘤,通常以明显的局部侵袭和远处转移倾向为特征。约占所有胸腺肿瘤的20%,可切除肿瘤的主要治疗干预仍然是手术切除。对于那些无法切除或转移的肿瘤,姑息性铂基化疗是标准的。尽管有这些干预措施,但大约30%的恶性肿瘤在最初出现时已经进展。目前转移性TC的5年生存率约为38%,尚未确定明确的最佳治疗方案。本病例报告描述了一位晚期TC患者的5年临床发展轨迹,该患者对全身治疗表现出耐药性,但对立体定向全身放射治疗(SBRT)表现出良好的反应。通过这个病例,我们强调了SBRT作为转移性TC患者可行的治疗选择的潜力。在我们的病例中,SBRT在每个治疗部位都表现出可靠的局部肿瘤控制,副作用最小。为了更好地了解播散性TC的治疗选择的可能性,应该收集更多的病例。
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