Alcaeus, Pittakos ‘son of “Hyrras”’, and the Lesbian aristocracy, or ‘How to do things with words’

IF 0.7 3区 历史学 0 CLASSICS JOURNAL OF HELLENIC STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI:10.1017/s007542692300068x
Alexander Dale
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Abstract

Abstract This paper offers a reassessment of the representation of Pittakos, tyrant of Lesbos, in Alcaeus’ verse. I begin by examining the textual evidence for Pittakos’ father, Hyrras, before progressing to re-evaluate the evidence for the aristocratic clans of Lesbos as attested in the Lesbian poets. Building on this, and with reference to the patronymic/gentilic Arkheanaktidās seemingly used of Pittakos in Alcaeus, I relate the preponderance of patronymic forms found in Alcaeus’ verse to the iambic and comedic use of ‘characterizing’ patronymics in -(ι)δᾱς. I then argue that both ῎Υρρας and Ἀρχϵανακτίδας are to be interpreted via a cross-cultural and bilingual rhetoric of kingship, with the latter being in essence a calque of a Lydian intermediary of the Luwian designation ura- handawati -, ‘great king’, with ὔρρας and its derivatives in Alcaeus a nominalization of the Luwian adjectival stem ura -, ‘great’. This argument is then related to the increasing evidence for Lesbos as a central locus for Graeco-Anatolian cultural exchange. The end result is a comprehensive reassessment of historical reconstructions emanating from the texts of Sappho and Alcaeus, as well as a reassessment of Alcaeus’ poetic objectives in his attacks on Pittakos, ‘son of Hyrras’.
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阿尔凯厄斯,皮塔科斯的"赫拉斯"之子,以及女同性恋贵族,或"如何用语言做事"
本文对阿尔凯乌斯诗中莱斯沃斯岛暴君皮塔科斯的形象进行了重新评价。我从皮塔科斯的父亲海拉斯的文本证据开始,然后重新评估莱斯沃斯的贵族家族的证据,正如女同性恋诗人所证明的那样。在此基础上,并参考阿尔凯厄斯中皮塔科斯似乎使用的父名/遗传Arkheanaktidās,我将阿尔凯厄斯诗歌中父名形式的优势与-(ι)δ δ ς中“characterizing”父名的抑扬格和喜剧用法联系起来。然后,我认为῎Υρρας和Ἀρχϵανακτίδας都应该通过跨文化和双语的王权修辞学来解释,后者本质上是卢语名称ura- handawati -(“伟大的国王”)的吕底亚语中介的calque,而Alcaeus中的ς ρρας及其衍生词则是卢语形容词词干ura-(“伟大的”)的名词化。越来越多的证据表明莱斯沃斯岛是希腊-安纳托利亚文化交流的中心。最终的结果是对萨福和阿尔凯乌斯的文本所产生的历史重建的全面重新评估,以及阿尔凯乌斯在攻击“海拉斯之子”皮塔科斯时的诗歌目标的重新评估。
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来源期刊
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0.60
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期刊介绍: The Journal of Hellenic Studies (JHS) is recognised internationally as one of the foremost periodicals in the field of classical scholarship. It contains articles on a wide variety of Hellenic topics including Greek language, literature, history and art and archaeology in the Ancient, Byzantine and Modern periods, as well as reviews of recent books of importance to Greek studies.
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Alcaeus, Pittakos ‘son of “Hyrras”’, and the Lesbian aristocracy, or ‘How to do things with words’ (M.R.) CHRIST Xenophon and the Athenian Democracy: The Education of an Elite Citizenry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. x + 215. $29.99. 9781108797757. (S.) CONNELL (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle’s Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. xvii + 355. £85. 9781107197732. (A.P.) JUDSON The Undeciphered Signs of Linear B: Interpretation and Scribal Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xx + 352, illus. 50 figs, 21 tables. £90. 9781108494724. (E.) MACKIL and (N.) PAPAZARKADAS (eds) Greek Epigraphy and Religion: Papers in Memory of Sara B. Aleshire from the Second North American Congress of Greek and Latin Epigraphy. Leiden: Brill, 2021. Pp. xiv + 360. €120. 9789004442535
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