MicroRNAs: The next generation of cancer biomarkers

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that have been shown to be involved in a wide range of biological processes, including cancer. miRNAs are known to regulate the expression of genes, and their dysregulation has been linked to the development of cancer. In recent years a great deal of attention is received by miRNAs due to their potential as biomarkers for cancer. Biomarkers are measurable indicators of a biological state, and they can be used to diagnose, monitor, and treat diseases. miRNAs can be detected in biological fluids such as blood and saliva. This makes them ideal candidates for early cancer detection and monitoring. We herein reviewed current methods for the isolation of circulating miRNAs. Provide the most recent update about clinical trials aiming at using miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer. Additionally, we highlighted some pitfalls that should be realized to take advantage of the massive potential of miRNAs as a cancer biomarker. However, the potential of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers is very promising but advancements in factors such as miRNA isolation methods, and the type of samples are critical to incorporate miRNA-based diagnostic and prognostic markers in modern-day treatment regimens for cancer. This review concludes that miRNAs have enormous clinical significance as cancer biomarkers and recommends carefully selecting methods for the isolation of miRNAs based on the type of sample, and the downstream applications to generate clinically relevant results.
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microrna:下一代癌症生物标志物
MicroRNAs (miRNAs)是一类小的非编码RNA分子,已被证明与包括癌症在内的广泛生物过程有关。众所周知,mirna可以调节基因的表达,而它们的失调与癌症的发展有关。近年来,mirna因其作为癌症生物标志物的潜力而受到广泛关注。生物标志物是生物状态的可测量指标,可用于诊断、监测和治疗疾病。mirna可以在血液和唾液等生物液体中检测到。这使它们成为早期癌症检测和监测的理想候选者。本文综述了目前分离循环mirna的方法。提供旨在使用mirna作为癌症生物标志物的临床试验的最新更新。此外,我们强调了利用mirna作为癌症生物标志物的巨大潜力应该认识到的一些陷阱。然而,miRNA作为癌症生物标志物的潜力是非常有希望的,但miRNA分离方法和样品类型等因素的进步对于将基于miRNA的诊断和预后标志物纳入现代癌症治疗方案至关重要。本综述认为mirna作为癌症生物标志物具有巨大的临床意义,并建议根据样品类型仔细选择mirna的分离方法,以及下游应用以产生临床相关结果。
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