The Role of Macrophages in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Review

Weiye Zhao, Hao Xu, Hanwen Zhang, Bin Yan
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Abstract

Review The Role of Macrophages in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Review Weiye Zhao 1,2,3, Hao Xu 1,2,3, Hanwen Zhang 4,5,*, and Bin Yan 1,2,3,* 1 Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China 3 Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China 4 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China 5 Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China * Correspondence: hanwenzhang@njmu.edu.cn(Hanwen Zhang); byan@njmu.edu.cn (Bin Yan); Received: 24 April 2023 Accepted: 12 June 2023 Abstract: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is facilitated by the induction of mechanical force, which triggers a sterile inflammatory response in the periodontal tissues. This response, in turn, coordinates the processes of bone resorption and formation. Through an extensive review of the existing literature on the biology of OTM, it becomes evident that macrophages play a pivotal role in all stages of the process. Furthermore, researchers have identified various emerging drugs and biological agents that target the behavior of macrophages, aiming to regulate and control the rate of OTM. To date, most studies have primarily focused on investigating the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on the rate of OTM and elucidating their specific mechanisms. However, there is a notable absence of reports specifically addressing drugs capable of accelerating tooth movement. Nonetheless, in other fields, such as the promotion of fracture healing, techniques for modulating macrophage function using bio-scaffolds or sustained-release formulations loaded with cytokines or drugs have demonstrated significant advancements. Thus, these techniques hold promise as important avenues for future research and development, exploring the potential of macrophages in regulating the rate of OTM.
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巨噬细胞在正畸牙齿运动中的作用综述
巨噬细胞在正畸牙齿运动中的作用赵伟晔1,2,3,徐浩1,2,3,张汉文4,5 *,闫斌1,2,3 * 1南京医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科,南京2南京医科大学江苏省口腔疾病重点实验室,南京210008 3江苏省口腔转化医学工程技术研究中心,南京210008 4南京医科大学基础医学院,南京2100085南京医科大学心血管疾病转化医学协同创新中心心血管疾病靶向干预国家重点实验室,南京210008 *通讯:hanwenzhang@njmu.edu.cn(张汉文);byan@njmu.edu.cn(闫斌);摘要:正畸牙齿运动(OTM)是在机械力的诱导下进行的,机械力在牙周组织中引发无菌炎症反应。这种反应,反过来,协调骨吸收和形成的过程。通过对现有OTM生物学文献的广泛回顾,我们发现巨噬细胞在这一过程的所有阶段都起着关键作用。此外,研究人员还发现了多种针对巨噬细胞行为的新兴药物和生物制剂,旨在调节和控制巨噬细胞的OTM率。迄今为止,大多数研究主要集中在研究抗炎药物对OTM发生率的影响并阐明其具体机制。然而,值得注意的是,缺乏专门针对加速牙齿运动的药物的报道。尽管如此,在其他领域,如促进骨折愈合,利用生物支架或细胞因子或药物缓释制剂调节巨噬细胞功能的技术已经取得了重大进展。因此,这些技术有望成为未来研究和发展的重要途径,探索巨噬细胞调节OTM速率的潜力。
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