Cost–Benefit Analysis and Risk Assessment for Mining Activities in Terms of Circular Economy and Their Environmental Impact

IF 2.4 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geosciences (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI:10.3390/geosciences13100318
Evangelos Machairas, Emmanouil A. Varouchakis
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Abstract

Mining activities are prolific worldwide in light of the perpetual production of metal. The high need for metal materials in human life necessitates the development of mining operations, especially in places characterized as being highly enriched in metal ions. After the separation of beneficial and non-beneficial materials, industrial enrichment mechanisms take place to increase metal output. These mechanisms, known as metallurgical procedures, produce a vast volume of mining/metallurgical waste (MMW) at final disposal sites. MMW’s composition usually includes metal filings in low-pH site conditions. Thus, the environmental pollution hazard is high unless sustainable methods are implemented to reduce both heavy and toxic metals’ concentration in MMW at every disposal site. The scope of this review is to determine how cost–benefit analysis (CBA) and risk assessment (RA) could contribute positively to (a) the environmental effect of MMW reduction, (b) decreasing the environmental rehabilitation cost, and (c) research into economically sustainable methods of recovering metal from MMW.
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循环经济下采矿活动的成本效益分析与风险评价及其环境影响
鉴于金属的永久生产,采矿活动在世界范围内是多产的。人类生活对金属材料的高度需求使采矿业务的发展成为必要,特别是在金属离子高度富集的地方。在有益和非有益物质分离后,发生工业富集机制以增加金属产量。这些机制称为冶金程序,在最终处置地点产生大量采矿/冶金废物。毫米波的组成通常包括在低ph站点条件下的金属屑。因此,除非采用可持续的方法,在每个处置场址降低毫米波中重金属和有毒金属的浓度,否则环境污染危害很大。本综述的范围是确定成本效益分析(CBA)和风险评估(RA)如何对(a)减少毫米波的环境影响,(b)降低环境修复成本,以及(c)研究从毫米波中回收金属的经济可持续方法作出积极贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Geosciences (Switzerland)
Geosciences (Switzerland) Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
7.40%
发文量
395
审稿时长
11 weeks
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