Tutorial: calibration refinement in quantum annealing

IF 2.4 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Frontiers in Computer Science Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1238988
Kevin Chern, Kelly Boothby, Jack Raymond, Pau Farré, Andrew D. King
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Quantum annealing has emerged as a powerful platform for simulating and optimizing classical and quantum Ising models. Quantum annealers, like other quantum and/or analog computing devices, are susceptible to non-idealities including crosstalk, device variation, and environmental noise. Compensating for these effects through calibration refinement or “shimming” can significantly improve performance but often relies on ad-hoc methods that exploit symmetries in both the problem being solved and the quantum annealer itself. In this tutorial, we attempt to demystify these methods. We introduce methods for finding exploitable symmetries in Ising models and discuss how to use these symmetries to suppress unwanted bias. We work through several examples of increasing complexity and provide complete Python code. We include automated methods for two important tasks: finding copies of small subgraphs in the qubit connectivity graph and automatically finding symmetries of an Ising model via generalized graph automorphism. We conclude the tutorial by surveying additional methods, providing practical implementation tips, and discussing limitations and remedies of the calibration procedure. Code is available at: https://github.com/dwavesystems/shimming-tutorial.
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教程:量子退火中的校准细化
量子退火已经成为模拟和优化经典和量子Ising模型的强大平台。量子退火炉,像其他量子和/或模拟计算设备一样,容易受到非理想的影响,包括串扰、设备变化和环境噪声。通过校准微调或“调光”来补偿这些影响可以显着提高性能,但通常依赖于利用正在解决的问题和量子退火器本身的对称性的特殊方法。在本教程中,我们试图揭开这些方法的神秘面纱。我们介绍了在Ising模型中寻找可利用的对称性的方法,并讨论了如何使用这些对称性来抑制不必要的偏差。我们将介绍几个日益复杂的示例,并提供完整的Python代码。我们包含了两个重要任务的自动化方法:在量子比特连接图中寻找小子图的副本和通过广义图自同构自动寻找Ising模型的对称性。我们通过调查其他方法来结束本教程,提供实用的实施技巧,并讨论校准程序的局限性和补救措施。代码可从https://github.com/dwavesystems/shimming-tutorial获得。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Computer Science
Frontiers in Computer Science COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS-
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
152
审稿时长
13 weeks
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