Plant spatial aggregation modulates the interplay between plant competition and pollinator attraction with contrasting outcomes of plant fitness

IF 2.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Web Ecology Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI:10.5194/we-23-51-2023
María Hurtado, Oscar Godoy, Ignasi Bartomeus
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract. Ecosystem functions such as seed production are the result of a complex interplay between competitive plant–plant interactions and mutualistic pollinator–plant interactions. In this interplay, spatial plant aggregation could work in two different directions: it could increase hetero- and conspecific competition, thus reducing seed production; but it could also attract pollinators, increasing plant fitness. To shed light on how plant spatial arrangement modulates this balance, we conducted a field study in a Mediterranean annual grassland with three focal plant species with different phenology, Chamaemelum fuscatum (early phenology), Leontodon maroccanus (middle phenology) and Pulicaria paludosa (late phenology), and a diverse guild of pollinators (flies, bees, beetles and butterflies). All three species showed spatial aggregation of conspecific individuals. Additionally, we found that the two mechanisms were working simultaneously: crowded neighborhoods reduced individual seed production via plant–plant competition, but they also made individual plants more attractive for some pollinator guilds, increasing visitation rates and plant fitness. The balance between these two forces varied depending on the focal species and the spatial scale considered. Therefore, our results indicate that mutualistic interactions do not always effectively compensate for competitive interactions in situations of spatial aggregation of flowering plants, at least in our study system. We highlight the importance of explicitly considering the spatial structure at different spatial scales of multitrophic interactions to better understand individual plant fitness and community dynamics.
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植物空间聚集调节了植物竞争和传粉者吸引之间的相互作用,并具有不同的适应性结果
摘要种子生产等生态系统功能是竞争性植物-植物相互作用和互补性传粉者-植物相互作用复杂相互作用的结果。在这种相互作用中,空间植物聚集可以在两个不同的方向上起作用:它可以增加异种和同种竞争,从而减少种子产量;但它也可以吸引传粉者,提高植物的适应性。为了揭示植物空间安排是如何调节这种平衡的,我们在地中海一年生草地上进行了实地研究,研究对象包括三种不同物候的焦点植物,即褐毛Chamaemelum fuscatum(早期物候)、Leontodon maroccanus(中期物候)和Pulicaria paludosa(晚期物候),以及多种传粉媒介(苍蝇、蜜蜂、甲虫和蝴蝶)。3种物种均表现出同种个体的空间聚集性。此外,我们发现这两种机制同时起作用:拥挤的社区通过植物间的竞争减少了单个种子的产量,但它们也使单个植物对一些传粉者协会更具吸引力,增加了访问率和植物适应性。这两种力之间的平衡取决于焦点物种和所考虑的空间尺度。因此,我们的研究结果表明,在开花植物空间聚集的情况下,互惠相互作用并不总是有效地补偿竞争相互作用,至少在我们的研究系统中是这样。我们强调了明确考虑多营养相互作用在不同空间尺度上的空间结构对更好地理解植物个体适应度和群落动态的重要性。
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来源期刊
Web Ecology
Web Ecology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Web Ecology (WE) is an open-access journal issued by the European Ecological Federation (EEF) representing the ecological societies within Europe and associated members. Its special value is to serve as a publication forum for national ecological societies that do not maintain their own society journal. Web Ecology publishes papers from all fields of ecology without any geographic restriction. It is a forum to communicate results of experimental, theoretical, and descriptive studies of general interest to an international audience. Original contributions, short communications, and reviews on ecological research on all kinds of organisms and ecosystems are welcome as well as papers that express emerging ideas and concepts with a sound scientific background.
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