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Towards spatial predictions of disease transmission risk: classical scrapie spill-over from domestic small ruminants to wild cervids 疾病传播风险的空间预测:从家养小反刍动物到野生颈鹿的典型痒病溢出效应
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.5194/we-24-47-2024
Nuno Mouta, Leonor Orge, Joana Vicente, João Alexandre Cabral, José Aranha, João Carvalho, Rita Tinoco Torres, Jorge Pereira, Renata Carvalho, Maria Anjos Pires, Madalena Vieira-Pinto
Abstract. Spatial epidemiology tools play a critical role in effectively allocating resources to curb the spread of animal diseases. This study focuses on classical scrapie (CS), an animal prion disease identified in Portugal, which infects small ruminant flocks and has been shown to be experimentally transmissible to wild cervids. Utilising remote sensing technologies and semi-automatic classification models, we aimed to evaluate the risk of interspecies prion transmission from domestic small ruminants to wild cervids (hosts). To achieve this, we gathered data related to hosts and infected small ruminant flocks. Furthermore, we collected and processed freely available, medium-resolution satellite imagery to derive vegetative and biophysical spectral indices capable of representing the primary habitat features. By employing a pixel-based species distribution model, we integrated the compiled geographical distribution data and spectral data with five supervised classification algorithms (random forest, classification tree analysis, artificial neural network, generalised linear model, and generalised additive model). The consensus map allowed accurate predictions of spatialised regions exhibiting spectral characteristics similar to where CS and its hosts were initially identified. By overlapping suitable territories for disease and host occurrence, we created a spatially explicit tool that assesses the risk of prion spill-over from domestic small ruminants to wild cervids. The described methodology is highly replicable and freely accessible, thus emphasising its practical utility. This study underscores the substantial contribution of model-based spatial analysis to disease monitoring and lays the groundwork for defining populations at risk and implementing targeted control and prevention strategies, thus safeguarding both animal and public health.
摘要空间流行病学工具在有效分配资源以遏制动物疾病传播方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究的重点是经典瘙痒病(CS),这是一种在葡萄牙发现的动物朊病毒疾病,它感染小反刍动物群,并被证明可通过实验传播给野生颈鹿。利用遥感技术和半自动分类模型,我们旨在评估朊病毒从家养小反刍动物传播到野生鹿科动物(宿主)的风险。为此,我们收集了与宿主和受感染小反刍兽群相关的数据。此外,我们还收集并处理了可免费获取的中分辨率卫星图像,以得出能够代表主要栖息地特征的植被和生物物理光谱指数。通过采用基于像素的物种分布模型,我们将汇编的地理分布数据和光谱数据与五种监督分类算法(随机森林、分类树分析、人工神经网络、广义线性模型和广义加法模型)进行了整合。该共识图能够准确预测与最初确定的 CS 及其宿主相似的光谱特征的空间化区域。通过重叠疾病和宿主发生的合适区域,我们创建了一个空间明确的工具,用于评估朊病毒从家养小反刍动物向野生颈鹿蔓延的风险。所描述的方法具有很强的可复制性,并且可以免费获取,因此强调了其实用性。这项研究强调了基于模型的空间分析对疾病监测的重大贡献,并为界定高危人群和实施有针对性的防控策略奠定了基础,从而保障了动物和公众的健康。
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引用次数: 0
Urban roadkill assessment in Vienna reveals low incidence rates 维也纳城市道路残杀评估显示发病率较低
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.5194/we-24-41-2024
Florian Heigl, Susanne Lutter, Irene Hoppe, Johann G. Zaller, Daniel Dörler
Abstract. An important factor in the decline of global animal diversity is road traffic, where many animals are killed. This study aimed to collect data on vertebrate roadkill in the city of Vienna, Austria, between 2017 and 2022 using three different approaches: citizen science, systematic monitoring by bicycle along a 15 km route, and systematic monitoring on foot along a 3 km route. During 359 monitoring events, only four roadkill incidences (three Erinaceus sp., one Rattus sp.) were found by bicycle or on foot. At the same time citizen scientists reported 1 roadkill squirrel on the bicycle route and 84 roadkill incidences for the entire city area. Hedgehogs and urban birds were commonly reported species by citizen scientists. Although no amphibian or reptile roadkill was found during systematic monitoring, they were reported by citizen scientists. The low number of roadkill incidences found suggests a potentially low population density that makes the impact of roadkill even more severe – a hypothesis that should be further investigated amidst the global decline in biodiversity.
摘要全球动物多样性减少的一个重要因素是道路交通,许多动物在道路上被杀害。本研究旨在收集 2017 年至 2022 年奥地利维也纳市脊椎动物路杀数据,采用了三种不同的方法:公民科学、沿 15 公里路线骑自行车进行系统监测,以及沿 3 公里路线步行进行系统监测。在 359 次监测活动中,骑自行车或步行只发现了 4 起路杀事件(3 起 Erinaceus sp.,1 起 Rattus sp.)。与此同时,市民科学家在自行车路线上报告了 1 起松鼠路杀事件,在整个城市地区报告了 84 起路杀事件。刺猬和城市鸟类是市民科学家报告的常见物种。虽然在系统监测期间没有发现两栖动物或爬行动物被路杀,但市民科学家报告了它们。发现的路杀事件数量较少,这表明种群密度可能较低,从而使路杀的影响更加严重--在全球生物多样性减少的情况下,这一假设应得到进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Short communication: Problems of classifying predator-induced prey immobility – an unexpected case of post-contact freezing 短讯:捕食者引起的猎物不动分类问题--接触后冻结的意外案例
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.5194/we-24-35-2024
Teresita N. Ulate Gómez, Antonia E. Welch, Winfried S. Peters
Abstract. Prey noticing predators may turn immobile to avert detection. Such “freezing” is generally thought to precede direct predator–prey contact and thus appears distinct from so-called “post-contact immobility”, or thanatosis. This distinction, however, may be inapplicable if predators lack long-distance senses or monitor their surroundings incompletely. The predatory sandy beach gastropod Agaronia propatula (Olividae) detects its prey, Pachyoliva semistriata of the same family, only when located within centimetres in front of the predator. Pachyoliva therefore reduces its risks by active flight when directly approached by an Agaronia, whereas it freezes to remain undetected when contacting Agaronia from the side. This unexpected “post-contact freezing” suggests that physical contact between prey and predator as such does not always help to distinguish freezing from other types of predator-induced prey immobility and highlights how our interpretations of predator–prey interactions depend critically on our understanding of the sensory capabilities involved.
摘要注意到捕食者的猎物可能会不动以避免被发现。这种 "冻结 "一般被认为是在捕食者与猎物直接接触之前发生的,因此与所谓的 "接触后不动 "或 "僵直 "似乎有所不同。不过,如果捕食者缺乏远距离感官或对周围环境的监测不完全,这种区别可能就不适用了。捕食性沙滩腹足类 Agaronia propatula(钝齿目)只有在位于捕食者前方几厘米的范围内才能发现猎物--同科的 Pachyoliva semistriata。因此,Pachyoliva 在被 Agaronia 直接接近时会主动逃走以降低风险,而从侧面接触 Agaronia 时则会冻结以保持不被发现。这种意想不到的 "接触后冻结 "表明,猎物与捕食者之间的身体接触本身并不总是有助于区分冻结与捕食者引起的其他类型的猎物不动,并突出表明我们对捕食者与猎物相互作用的解释如何关键取决于我们对相关感官能力的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Disturbance can slow down litter decomposition, depending on severity of disturbance and season: an example from Mount Kilimanjaro 干扰会减缓垃圾的分解速度,这取决于干扰的严重程度和季节:乞力马扎罗山的一个例子
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.5194/we-24-11-2024
Juliane Röder, Tim Appelhans, Marcell K. Peters, Thomas Nauss, Roland Brandl
Abstract. Deforestation and land-use change affect ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling. Here, we present results from a litter decomposition experiment in six natural and six disturbed vegetation types along an elevation gradient of 3600 m on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. We exposed litter bags with a standard material for up to 12 weeks each in two seasons. In the cold wet season we sampled the full elevation gradient and in the warm wet season we repeated the sampling in the lower part of the elevation gradient. Though we found significantly negative effects of disturbance in forest ecosystems, this was only due to differences between natural and burned Podocarpus forests. Disturbance characterized by a more open vegetation structure in many of the studied vegetation types had no general effect when we studied the full elevation gradient; this also included non-forest vegetation types. Land-use intensity had a significant negative effect on decomposition rates but only in the warm wet season, not in the cold wet season. Temperature and humidity were the most important drivers of decomposition overall and for all subsets of vegetation types and seasons. Our study shows that negative effects of disturbance or land-use intensity on decomposition depended on the severity of disturbance and on the season. Nevertheless, climate was generally the most relevant driver of decomposition. Therefore, vegetation types with moderate levels of disturbance can retain high functionality in regards to carbon cycling over short periods of time. More and longer decomposition studies are necessary to better predict consequences of land-use change for carbon cycling in the Afrotropics.
摘要森林砍伐和土地利用变化会影响生态系统的碳循环过程。在此,我们介绍了在坦桑尼亚乞力马扎罗山南坡海拔 3600 米处的六种自然植被类型和六种受干扰植被类型中进行的垃圾分解实验的结果。我们在两个季节分别将装有标准材料的垃圾袋暴露长达 12 周。在寒冷的雨季,我们对整个海拔梯度进行了采样;在温暖的雨季,我们在海拔梯度的下部重复了采样。虽然我们发现干扰对森林生态系统有明显的负面影响,但这仅仅是由于天然林和烧毁的波多巴森林之间的差异造成的。当我们对整个海拔梯度进行研究时,许多被研究的植被类型中以更开放的植被结构为特征的干扰没有普遍影响;这也包括非森林植被类型。土地使用强度对分解率有显著的负面影响,但只在暖湿季有影响,在冷湿季没有影响。在所有植被类型和季节的子集中,温度和湿度都是导致分解的最重要因素。我们的研究表明,干扰或土地利用强度对分解的负面影响取决于干扰的严重程度和季节。然而,气候通常是影响分解的最主要因素。因此,干扰程度适中的植被类型可以在短时间内保持较高的碳循环功能。为了更好地预测土地利用变化对非洲热带地区碳循环的影响,有必要进行更多和更长时间的分解研究。
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引用次数: 0
Bird color and taxonomic diversity are negatively related to human disturbance in urban parks 鸟类颜色和分类多样性与城市公园中的人类干扰呈负相关
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.5194/we-24-1-2024
Lucas M. Leveau, Juan Kopp
Abstract. Recently, studies have shown that highly urbanized areas are numerically dominated by birds with grey plumage, probably favoring camouflage with impervious grey surfaces. However, patterns of bird color diversity in urban green areas remain unexplored. In urban parks, sites surrounded by highly urbanized areas may be dominated by grey bird species, whereas urban parks with pedestrians that feed birds may favor commensal birds which also have grey plumage. Thus, we explore the relationship between environmental variables and bird taxonomic and color diversity in urban parks. Bird surveys were conducted twice by fixed points in urban parks of six cities in central Argentina. Bird color diversity was assessed by characterizing bird plumage coloration in different parts of the bird body and the presence of plumage sexual dimorphism, polymorphism, and iridescence. Then, color richness and color diversity (abundance-based) were calculated with species mean pairwise distance. Null models were used to quantify richness-corrected color diversity. Bird species richness and diversity increased with green-area size, and bird diversity decreased with increasing pedestrian traffic. Color richness decreased with increasing car traffic, whereas color diversity was positively related to green-area size and negatively related to car and pedestrian traffic. Richness-corrected color diversity related negatively to car and pedestrian traffic. The abundance of grey birds increased in parks near the urban centers and related positively to pedestrian and car traffic. The abundance of yellow birds increased in parks near rural areas or small cities. Color diversity increased with green-area size, but richness-corrected color diversity ceased to be related to area size. Therefore, the increase in color diversity with area size was mediated by increases in species richness. Color diversity was clustered in parks with the highest human disturbance, favoring the abundance of grey species which probably took advantage of food discarded by humans.
摘要最近的研究表明,高度城市化地区的鸟类在数量上以灰色羽毛为主,这可能是由于它们喜欢用不透水的灰色表面进行伪装。然而,城市绿地中鸟类颜色多样性的模式仍未得到研究。在城市公园中,被高度城市化地区包围的地点可能以灰色鸟类为主,而有行人喂食鸟类的城市公园可能有利于同样具有灰色羽毛的共生鸟类。因此,我们探讨了城市公园中环境变量与鸟类分类和颜色多样性之间的关系。我们在阿根廷中部六个城市的城市公园中进行了两次定点鸟类调查。通过对鸟类身体不同部位的羽色特征以及是否存在羽色性二态性、多态性和彩虹色来评估鸟类的色彩多样性。然后,利用物种平均配对距离计算色彩丰富度和色彩多样性(基于丰度)。使用无效模型对丰富度校正后的色彩多样性进行量化。鸟类物种丰富度和多样性随绿地面积的增加而增加,鸟类多样性随行人流量的增加而减少。颜色丰富度随着车流量的增加而降低,而颜色多样性与绿地面积呈正相关,与车流量和人流量呈负相关。丰富度校正后的颜色多样性与汽车和行人流量呈负相关。在城市中心附近的公园中,灰鸟的数量有所增加,并与行人和汽车流量呈正相关。黄色鸟类的数量在农村地区或小城市附近的公园有所增加。颜色多样性随绿地面积的增加而增加,但丰富度校正后的颜色多样性不再与绿地面积相关。因此,颜色多样性随绿地面积增加而增加的原因是物种丰富度的增加。色彩多样性主要集中在人类干扰最严重的公园,这有利于灰色物种的丰富,它们可能利用了人类丢弃的食物。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the debate: documenting biodiversity in the age of digital and artificially generated images 重温辩论:记录数字和人工生成图像时代的生物多样性
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-135-2023
Diego Sousa Campos, Rafael Ferreira de Oliveira, Lucas de Oliveira Vieira, Pedro Henrique Negreiros de Bragança, Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes, Erick Cristofore Guimarães, Felipe Polivanov Ottoni
Abstract. This study examines the risks associated with relying solely on images for documenting new species records, rediscoveries, taxonomic descriptions, and distribution expansions. We highlight concerns regarding image authenticity, especially in cases where images may be altered, adulterated, or AI (artificial intelligence)-generated, potentially leading to inaccuracies in biodiversity documentation. To illustrate the evolving challenges, we conducted an experiment with 621 participants who assessed nine AI-generated images. Surprisingly, six were deemed authentic, while three raised doubts, highlighting the difficulty in discerning AI-generated content. Our main message emphasizes the critical role of trust in biodiversity documentation, particularly for taxonomy and conservation, and how eroded trust can hinder conservation efforts. Improved communication and collaboration between taxonomists and conservationists are needed, emphasizing scientific integrity. We urge a reevaluation of journal policies concerning data validation, especially in articles relying on images as primary evidence, to preserve the credibility of scientific research amidst technological advancements.
摘要本研究探讨了仅依靠图像记录新物种记录、再发现、分类描述和分布扩展的相关风险。我们强调了对图像真实性的担忧,尤其是在图像可能被篡改、掺假或由人工智能生成的情况下,这可能会导致生物多样性记录的不准确。为了说明不断变化的挑战,我们进行了一项实验,621 名参与者对九张人工智能生成的图像进行了评估。令人惊讶的是,有六张被认为是真实的,而有三张则引起了怀疑,这凸显了辨别人工智能生成内容的难度。我们的主要信息强调了信任在生物多样性文献中的关键作用,特别是在分类学和保护方面,以及信任的削弱会如何阻碍保护工作。分类学家和保护工作者之间需要加强沟通与合作,强调科学的完整性。我们敦促重新评估有关数据验证的期刊政策,特别是在依赖图像作为主要证据的文章中,以便在技术进步的同时维护科学研究的可信度。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Pay to criticise? Rebuttal articles in open-access journals should be published for free
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-131-2023
Daniel Montesinos
Abstract not available
摘要不可用
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引用次数: 0
Pollination supply models from a local to global scale 从地方到全球范围的授粉供应模式
3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-99-2023
Angel Giménez-García, Alfonso Allen-Perkins, Ignasi Bartomeus, Stefano Balbi, Jessica L. Knapp, Violeta Hevia, Ben Alex Woodcock, Guy Smagghe, Marcos Miñarro, Maxime Eeraerts, Jonathan F. Colville, Juliana Hipólito, Pablo Cavigliasso, Guiomar Nates-Parra, José M. Herrera, Sarah Cusser, Benno I. Simmons, Volkmar Wolters, Shalene Jha, Breno M. Freitas, Finbarr G. Horgan, Derek R. Artz, C. Sheena Sidhu, Mark Otieno, Virginie Boreux, David J. Biddinger, Alexandra-Maria Klein, Neelendra K. Joshi, Rebecca I. A. Stewart, Matthias Albrecht, Charlie C. Nicholson, Alison D. O'Reilly, David William Crowder, Katherine L. W. Burns, Diego Nicolás Nabaes Jodar, Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi, Louis Sutter, Yoko L. Dupont, Bo Dalsgaard, Jeferson Gabriel da Encarnação Coutinho, Amparo Lázaro, Georg K. S. Andersson, Nigel E. Raine, Smitha Krishnan, Matteo Dainese, Wopke van der Werf, Henrik G. Smith, Ainhoa Magrach
Abstract. Ecological intensification has been embraced with great interest by the academic sector but is still rarely taken up by farmers because monitoring the state of different ecological functions is not straightforward. Modelling tools can represent a more accessible alternative of measuring ecological functions, which could help promote their use amongst farmers and other decision-makers. In the case of crop pollination, modelling has traditionally followed either a mechanistic or a data-driven approach. Mechanistic models simulate the habitat preferences and foraging behaviour of pollinators, while data-driven models associate georeferenced variables with real observations. Here, we test these two approaches to predict pollination supply and validate these predictions using data from a newly released global dataset on pollinator visitation rates to different crops. We use one of the most extensively used models for the mechanistic approach, while for the data-driven approach, we select from among a comprehensive set of state-of-the-art machine-learning models. Moreover, we explore a mixed approach, where data-derived inputs, rather than expert assessment, inform the mechanistic model. We find that, at a global scale, machine-learning models work best, offering a rank correlation coefficient between predictions and observations of pollinator visitation rates of 0.56. In turn, the mechanistic model works moderately well at a global scale for wild bees other than bumblebees. Biomes characterized by temperate or Mediterranean forests show a better agreement between mechanistic model predictions and observations, probably due to more comprehensive ecological knowledge and therefore better parameterization of input variables for these biomes. This study highlights the challenges of transferring input variables across multiple biomes, as expected given the different composition of species in different biomes. Our results provide clear guidance on which pollination supply models perform best at different spatial scales – the first step towards bridging the stakeholder–academia gap in modelling ecosystem service delivery under ecological intensification.
摘要生态集约化已经受到学术界的极大关注,但农民仍然很少采用,因为监测不同生态功能的状态并不简单。建模工具是衡量生态功能的一种更容易获得的替代方法,可以帮助促进农民和其他决策者使用这些工具。在作物授粉的情况下,建模传统上遵循机械或数据驱动的方法。机械模型模拟传粉媒介的栖息地偏好和觅食行为,而数据驱动模型将地理参考变量与实际观测结果联系起来。在这里,我们测试了这两种方法来预测授粉供应,并使用新发布的全球传粉者访问不同作物的数据集来验证这些预测。对于机械方法,我们使用最广泛使用的模型之一,而对于数据驱动方法,我们从一组全面的最先进的机器学习模型中进行选择。此外,我们探索了一种混合方法,其中数据派生的输入,而不是专家评估,告知机制模型。我们发现,在全球范围内,机器学习模型效果最好,在传粉者访问率的预测和观测之间提供了0.56的秩相关系数。反过来,这种机制模型在全球范围内对大黄蜂以外的野生蜜蜂也适用。以温带或地中海森林为特征的生物群落在机制模型预测和观测之间表现出更好的一致性,这可能是由于更全面的生态学知识,因此这些生物群落的输入变量参数化得更好。鉴于不同生物群系中物种的组成不同,本研究强调了在多个生物群系之间传递输入变量的挑战。我们的研究结果为在不同空间尺度上哪种授粉供给模型表现最佳提供了明确的指导,这是在生态集约化下生态系统服务交付模型中弥合利益相关者与学术界差距的第一步。
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引用次数: 0
Insights into the habitat associations, phylogeny, and diet of Pipistrellus maderensis in Porto Santo, northeastern Macaronesia 马达加斯加东北部波尔图圣港马氏Pipistrellus maderensis的生境关联、系统发育和饮食研究
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-87-2023
Eva K Nóbrega, Nia Toshkova, A. Gonçalves, A. Reis, Elena J. Soto, Sergio Puertas Ruiz, Vanessa A. Mata, C. Rato, R. Rocha
Abstract. Around 60 % of all bat species occur in islands, and nearly one in four isan insular endemic. Bats are often the only native terrestrial mammals inoceanic islands, and despite increasing anthropogenic pressures, little isknown about the distribution, natural history, and population status of mostinsular bat populations. The sub-tropical archipelago of Madeira is composedof the volcanic islands of Madeira, Porto Santo, and Desertas and ishome to the Macaronesian endemic Pipistrellus maderensis, to the endemic subspecies Nyctalus leisleri verrucosus, and to Plecotus austriacus. Pipistrellus maderensis is knownto both Madeira and Porto Santo, whereas the other two species have onlybeen recorded in the former. However, no bats have been recorded in Porto Santofor over 15 years, raising fears that bats are probably extinct in theisland. In July 2021, we conducted an island-wide acoustic survey usingAudioMoth passive acoustic recorders, leading to the detection ofPipistrellus maderensis in 28 out of the 46 sampling sites (60 %). The species' activity wasstrongly associated with artificial water sources, and genetic samples fromsix captured individuals revealed that the populations of Pipistrellus maderensis in Porto Santo andMadeira have a close phylogenetic affinity. Furthermore, using DNAmetabarcoding, we found that the species feeds on a wide variety of insects,including several economically important pest species and disease vectors.These findings emphasise the need to target more conservation and researchefforts towards extant island bat populations and the potential ecosystemservices they provide.
摘要大约60%的蝙蝠物种生活在岛屿上,近四分之一的蝙蝠是岛屿特有物种。蝙蝠通常是海洋岛屿上唯一的本土陆生哺乳动物,尽管人为压力越来越大,但人们对大多数岛屿蝙蝠种群的分布、自然历史和种群状况知之甚少。亚热带的马德拉群岛由马德拉火山岛、圣港岛和沙漠岛组成,是马卡罗尼亚特有的马德拉Pipistrellus maderensis、特有亚种Nyctalus leisleri verrucosus和Plecotus austracus的家园。马德拉岛和圣港都有马氏Pipistrellus maderensis,而另外两个物种只在马德拉岛有记录。然而,波多黎各已经有超过15年没有蝙蝠的记录了,这引发了人们对岛上蝙蝠可能已经灭绝的担忧。2021年7月,我们使用audiomoth被动声学记录仪进行了全岛范围的声学调查,在46个采样点中的28个(60%)检测到马氏pipistrellus maderensis。该物种的活动与人工水源密切相关,来自6个捕获个体的遗传样本显示,在圣港和马德拉岛的Pipistrellus maderensis种群具有密切的系统发育亲缘关系。此外,我们发现该物种以多种昆虫为食,包括几种经济上重要的害虫和疾病媒介。这些发现强调有必要针对现存岛屿蝙蝠种群及其提供的潜在生态系统服务开展更多的保护和研究工作。
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引用次数: 0
Invasive shallow-water foraminifera impacts local biodiversity mostly at densities above 20 %: the case of Corfu Island 入侵的浅水有孔虫对当地生物多样性的影响主要在密度超过20%时:以科孚岛为例
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-71-2023
A. Weinmann, O. Koukousioura, M. Triantaphyllou, M. Langer
Abstract. Corfu Island (Greece) is located in the northern Ionian Sea andexhibits unique and diverse marine coastal habitats suitable for high-diversity assemblages such as shallow-water foraminifera. The island alsolies near the current range expansion front of the invasive speciesAmphistegina lobifera. We analyzed the foraminiferal assemblages of 51 samples from 25 sites around the island, calculated diversity indices, and analyzed the community structures of foraminiferal assemblages in comparison to local environmental variables. In addition to that, using the spatial structure or relative abundances, we evaluated the effect of A. lobifera on the species richness of allbenthic foraminifera and habitat-specific groups. With 200 benthic foraminiferal species found, the high species richness andother diversity indices indicate Corfu as an area of high diversity. Themain ecological drivers for the assemblage compositions were water depth,sediment texture, and habitat (especially vegetation), resulting in three mainassemblage clusters around the island: (1) sandy or rocky, shallow-waterareas from the south and west; (2) deeper areas from the west; and (3) rocky, vegetated areas of variable depths from the northwest and northeastern parts of the island. Our analyses suggest that the invasive species A. lobifera affects local diversity of the foraminiferal assemblage and that these effects become apparent when the invasive species accounts for more than 10 %–20 % of the total abundance. Wealso observed significant negative correlations with sessile epiphytes andsmaller miliolids. Both groups share similar microhabitats with A. lobifera and mightbe outcompeted, which is probably further facilitated by ongoing oceanwarming. However, other warm-affiliated taxa (e.g., other symbiont-bearingspecies) initially show a positive correlation with the increasing presenceof A. lobifera until the latter exceeds 20 %. We expect that A. lobifera and other warm-adaptedspecies will play an increasing role in shaping future biodiversity andassemblage composition in this area, a feature that supports the prognosedtropicalization of the Mediterranean Sea.
摘要科孚岛(希腊)位于爱奥尼亚海北部,展示了独特而多样的海洋沿岸栖息地,适合高多样性的组合,如浅水有孔虫。该岛也靠近入侵物种两栖stegina lobifera的当前范围扩张前沿。我们分析了岛上25个地点51个样品的有孔虫组合,计算了有孔虫组合的多样性指数,并分析了有孔虫组合的群落结构与当地环境变量的关系。此外,利用空间结构或相对丰度评价了大叶拟南草对全底栖有孔虫和生境特定类群物种丰富度的影响。科孚岛共发现底栖有孔虫200种,物种丰富度和其他多样性指数均表明科孚岛是一个生物多样性较高的地区。组合组成的主要生态驱动因素是水深、沉积物质地和生境(特别是植被),形成了3个主要组合群:(1)南部和西部的砂质或岩质浅水区;(2)西部较深地区;(3)从岛的西北部和东北部开始的不同深度的岩石,植被区域。我们的分析表明,当入侵物种占总丰度的10% - 20%以上时,这种影响就会变得明显。我们还观察到与无梗附生植物和较小的千分体的显著负相关。这两个种群都与大叶拟南蝽有相似的微栖息地,并可能在竞争中处于劣势,这可能是由于持续的海洋变暖而进一步促进的。然而,其他温暖附属的分类群(如其他共生物种)最初表现出与大叶拟南蝽增加的正相关,直到后者超过20%。我们预计,大叶虫和其他暖适应物种将在塑造该地区未来的生物多样性和组合组成方面发挥越来越大的作用,这一特征支持地中海的预测热带化。
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引用次数: 1
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Web Ecology
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