{"title":"Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Pantai Tawang, Kabupaten Pacitan","authors":"Muliawati Handayani, Citra Satrya Utama Dewi","doi":"10.14710/jmr.v12i4.38669","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang rentan terdegredasi. Pemanfaatan wilayah sekitaran Pantai Tawang untuk kegiatan wisata, pelelangan ikan dan pembangunan tambak intensif berpotensi menurunkan tutupan karang hidup dan mengganggu fungsi ekologis terumbu karang. Hal ini tentu meningkatkan kerentanan ekosistem karang, selain akibat kenaikan suhu perairan dan faktor hidrooseanografi lainnya. Tutupan karang di pantai Tawang yang terus mengalami penurunan menjadinan alasan perlu upaya pengkajian yang presisi terhadap indeks ekologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pantai Tawang berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan dominansi. Pengambilan data lifeform, tutupan dan jenis karang dilakukan dengan metode LIT (Intercept Transect). Tutupan rata-rata substrat karang hidup pada tiga lokasi sampling sebesar 33,7% yang berarti bahwa sustrat pada kondisi penilaian yang sedang. Padahal, nilai tutupan karang tahun 2020 sebesar 41,2%. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman karang (H’) pada titik I, II dan III berada pada kelas kisaran 1-<3,0 yang berarti ekosistem memiliki keragaman jenis yang rendah. Indeks keseragaman (E) ketiga titik mendekati 1, yang berarti bahwa jenis karang di ekosistem tersebut cenderung seragam. Sedangkan indeks dominansi (D) di semua titik berada pada kisaran <0,5 dan cenderung mnedekati 1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat spesies yang mendominasi pada komunitas karang di Pantai Tawang.Pelestarian sumberdaya karang penting dilakukan untuk menjaga plasma nutfah yang ada di dalam ekosistem tersebut. Coral reef ecosystems are ecosystems that are potentially degraded. Coastal land use around of Tawang Beach for tourism activities, fish auctions and the intensive aquaculture has the potential to reduce live coral cover and disrupt the ecological functions of coral reefs. Certainly, it was increasing the vulnerability of coral ecosystems, apart from the effects of warming water temperatures and other hydro-oceanographic factors. The coral cover on the Tawang coast continues to decline every year, and it is the reason why precise assessment ecological index needed. This study aims to evaluate coral reef ecosystem in Tawang Beach based on diversity index, uniformity index and dominance index. Collecting data of coral lifeform, cover and species was using the LIT (Intercept Transect) method. The average live coral substrate cover at the three sampling locations was 33.7%, which means that the substrate was in moderate assessment conditions. In fact, the value of coral cover in 2020 was 41.2%. Diversity index (H') values at stations I, II and III are in the 1-<3.0 range, which means that the ecosystem has low species diversity. Evenness index (E) of all stations is close to 1, which means that the types of coral in these ecosystems tend to be uniform. Dominance index (D) at all stations is in <0.5 range and tends to be close to 1. This shows that there are no species that dominate the coral community in Tawang Beach. Conservation of coral resources is important to preserve biodiversity in the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":50153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Marine Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v12i4.38669","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang rentan terdegredasi. Pemanfaatan wilayah sekitaran Pantai Tawang untuk kegiatan wisata, pelelangan ikan dan pembangunan tambak intensif berpotensi menurunkan tutupan karang hidup dan mengganggu fungsi ekologis terumbu karang. Hal ini tentu meningkatkan kerentanan ekosistem karang, selain akibat kenaikan suhu perairan dan faktor hidrooseanografi lainnya. Tutupan karang di pantai Tawang yang terus mengalami penurunan menjadinan alasan perlu upaya pengkajian yang presisi terhadap indeks ekologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pantai Tawang berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan dominansi. Pengambilan data lifeform, tutupan dan jenis karang dilakukan dengan metode LIT (Intercept Transect). Tutupan rata-rata substrat karang hidup pada tiga lokasi sampling sebesar 33,7% yang berarti bahwa sustrat pada kondisi penilaian yang sedang. Padahal, nilai tutupan karang tahun 2020 sebesar 41,2%. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman karang (H’) pada titik I, II dan III berada pada kelas kisaran 1-<3,0 yang berarti ekosistem memiliki keragaman jenis yang rendah. Indeks keseragaman (E) ketiga titik mendekati 1, yang berarti bahwa jenis karang di ekosistem tersebut cenderung seragam. Sedangkan indeks dominansi (D) di semua titik berada pada kisaran <0,5 dan cenderung mnedekati 1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat spesies yang mendominasi pada komunitas karang di Pantai Tawang.Pelestarian sumberdaya karang penting dilakukan untuk menjaga plasma nutfah yang ada di dalam ekosistem tersebut. Coral reef ecosystems are ecosystems that are potentially degraded. Coastal land use around of Tawang Beach for tourism activities, fish auctions and the intensive aquaculture has the potential to reduce live coral cover and disrupt the ecological functions of coral reefs. Certainly, it was increasing the vulnerability of coral ecosystems, apart from the effects of warming water temperatures and other hydro-oceanographic factors. The coral cover on the Tawang coast continues to decline every year, and it is the reason why precise assessment ecological index needed. This study aims to evaluate coral reef ecosystem in Tawang Beach based on diversity index, uniformity index and dominance index. Collecting data of coral lifeform, cover and species was using the LIT (Intercept Transect) method. The average live coral substrate cover at the three sampling locations was 33.7%, which means that the substrate was in moderate assessment conditions. In fact, the value of coral cover in 2020 was 41.2%. Diversity index (H') values at stations I, II and III are in the 1-<3.0 range, which means that the ecosystem has low species diversity. Evenness index (E) of all stations is close to 1, which means that the types of coral in these ecosystems tend to be uniform. Dominance index (D) at all stations is in <0.5 range and tends to be close to 1. This shows that there are no species that dominate the coral community in Tawang Beach. Conservation of coral resources is important to preserve biodiversity in the ecosystem.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Marine Research publishes peer-reviewed research articles covering a broad array of topics in physical, biological and chemical oceanography. Articles that deal with processes, as well as those that report significant observations, are welcome. In the area of biology, studies involving coupling between ecological and physical processes are preferred over those that report systematics. Authors benefit from thorough reviews of their manuscripts, where an attempt is made to maximize clarity. The time between submission and publication is kept to a minimum; there is no page charge.