William E. Doolittle, William Steen, José Omar Montoya Ballesteros
{"title":"Sonora: The Elusive Site, the Debated Name, and Various Designations","authors":"William E. Doolittle, William Steen, José Omar Montoya Ballesteros","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2023.2258305","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"AbstractA place named Sonora appears in seventeenth and eighteenth century documents and on later maps. Two sources place this site north of the present-day town of Huépac. Other sources place the site south of Huèpac. All of these sources place it on the east side of the Río Sonora, but use various designations. This paper analyzes documentary, cartographic, and geographic evidence and concludes that there were actually two places named Sonora. One was a relatively late Spanish mining settlement south of Huépac, but on the west side of the river, and known today as San Felipe de Jesús. The other place named Sonora was an ancient Ópata settlement called Sonota located at a spring on the east side of the Río Sonora north of Huépac. Correcting misunderstandings, mispronunciations, misspellings, and differences in Spaniards’ native language fluency over a century point to the river, valley, and state being named after this early site.Un lugar llamado Sonora aparece en documentos de los siglos XVII y XVIII y en mapas posteriores. Dos fuentes ubican este sitio al norte del actual pueblo de Huépac. Otras fuentes sitúan el sitio al sur de Huèpac. Todas estas fuentes lo sitúan en el lado este del Río Sonora, pero usan varias designaciones. Este artículo analiza evidencia documental, cartográfica y geográfica y concluye que en realidad existieron dos lugares denominados Sonora. Uno fue un asentamiento minero español relativamente tardío al sur de Huépac, pero en el lado oeste del río, y conocido hoy como San Felipe de Jesús. El otro lugar llamado Sonora era un antiguo asentamiento Ópata llamado Sonota ubicado en un manantial en el lado este del Río Sonora al norte de Huépac. La corrección de malentendidos, malas pronunciaciones, faltas de ortografía y diferencias en la fluidez del idioma nativo de los españoles durante más de un siglo apunta a que el río, el valle y el estado llevan el nombre de este sitio primitivo.KEYWORDS: SonoraSonotaReal de SonoraSeñoraOjo de AguaHuépacSan Felipe de JesúsRío Sonora Valley AcknowledgmentsWe thank Richard Flint and Adán Benavides for providing valuable translations of, and insights into sixteenth and seventeenth century Spanish documents; Dale Brenneman who helped retrieve a few documents from the Documentary Relations of the Southwest, The University of Arizona; the faculty and staff of the Escuela Secondaria Technica #17 for their gracious hospitality and guidance around the campus; Gayle Hartmann for commenting on an earlier version of this paper; and the reviewers whose insightful comments improved this manuscript.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Historical documents contain many different spellings of place names (e.g., Guepaca, Huepaca). Present-day place names are used throughout this article.2 Use of “digo” was standard scribal procedure of the day. It was used for correcting an error at the time of composition in order to guard against falsification (Flint and Flint Citation2005:689, fn 598). “Persona” is the erroneous word written by either the author or the copyist, who immediately corrected himself by writing “digo senora,” or “I mean Sonora.”3 A reviewer pointed this out, thereby initiating a search on our parts into various linguistic texts that might provide a clue as to how Señora became Sonora. The texts examined are (Dávila Garibi Citation1950; Mason Citation1912; Pennington Citation1984:10–16; Pimentel Citation1874:305–307; Shaul Citation1983:97–99, Citation1989, and Citation2010:259–262). Unfortunately, our search proved fruitless.4 San Juan Bautista mine began operating in 1657 (Borrero Silva Citation2009:244) and was abandoned in 1750 due to flooding (West Citation1994:46, 48).Additional informationFundingThis research was carried out with personal funds.","PeriodicalId":44778,"journal":{"name":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Kiva-Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2023.2258305","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ARCHAEOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
AbstractA place named Sonora appears in seventeenth and eighteenth century documents and on later maps. Two sources place this site north of the present-day town of Huépac. Other sources place the site south of Huèpac. All of these sources place it on the east side of the Río Sonora, but use various designations. This paper analyzes documentary, cartographic, and geographic evidence and concludes that there were actually two places named Sonora. One was a relatively late Spanish mining settlement south of Huépac, but on the west side of the river, and known today as San Felipe de Jesús. The other place named Sonora was an ancient Ópata settlement called Sonota located at a spring on the east side of the Río Sonora north of Huépac. Correcting misunderstandings, mispronunciations, misspellings, and differences in Spaniards’ native language fluency over a century point to the river, valley, and state being named after this early site.Un lugar llamado Sonora aparece en documentos de los siglos XVII y XVIII y en mapas posteriores. Dos fuentes ubican este sitio al norte del actual pueblo de Huépac. Otras fuentes sitúan el sitio al sur de Huèpac. Todas estas fuentes lo sitúan en el lado este del Río Sonora, pero usan varias designaciones. Este artículo analiza evidencia documental, cartográfica y geográfica y concluye que en realidad existieron dos lugares denominados Sonora. Uno fue un asentamiento minero español relativamente tardío al sur de Huépac, pero en el lado oeste del río, y conocido hoy como San Felipe de Jesús. El otro lugar llamado Sonora era un antiguo asentamiento Ópata llamado Sonota ubicado en un manantial en el lado este del Río Sonora al norte de Huépac. La corrección de malentendidos, malas pronunciaciones, faltas de ortografía y diferencias en la fluidez del idioma nativo de los españoles durante más de un siglo apunta a que el río, el valle y el estado llevan el nombre de este sitio primitivo.KEYWORDS: SonoraSonotaReal de SonoraSeñoraOjo de AguaHuépacSan Felipe de JesúsRío Sonora Valley AcknowledgmentsWe thank Richard Flint and Adán Benavides for providing valuable translations of, and insights into sixteenth and seventeenth century Spanish documents; Dale Brenneman who helped retrieve a few documents from the Documentary Relations of the Southwest, The University of Arizona; the faculty and staff of the Escuela Secondaria Technica #17 for their gracious hospitality and guidance around the campus; Gayle Hartmann for commenting on an earlier version of this paper; and the reviewers whose insightful comments improved this manuscript.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Historical documents contain many different spellings of place names (e.g., Guepaca, Huepaca). Present-day place names are used throughout this article.2 Use of “digo” was standard scribal procedure of the day. It was used for correcting an error at the time of composition in order to guard against falsification (Flint and Flint Citation2005:689, fn 598). “Persona” is the erroneous word written by either the author or the copyist, who immediately corrected himself by writing “digo senora,” or “I mean Sonora.”3 A reviewer pointed this out, thereby initiating a search on our parts into various linguistic texts that might provide a clue as to how Señora became Sonora. The texts examined are (Dávila Garibi Citation1950; Mason Citation1912; Pennington Citation1984:10–16; Pimentel Citation1874:305–307; Shaul Citation1983:97–99, Citation1989, and Citation2010:259–262). Unfortunately, our search proved fruitless.4 San Juan Bautista mine began operating in 1657 (Borrero Silva Citation2009:244) and was abandoned in 1750 due to flooding (West Citation1994:46, 48).Additional informationFundingThis research was carried out with personal funds.
一个名为索诺拉的地方出现在十七、十八世纪的文献和后来的地图上。有两种资料表明,这个遗址位于今天的胡萨帕克镇以北。其他资料显示该地点位于hu pac南部。所有这些资料都把它放在Río索诺拉河的东侧,但使用不同的名称。本文分析了文献、地图和地理证据,得出结论认为,实际上有两个地方名叫索诺拉。一个是相对较晚的西班牙采矿定居点,位于husamupac以南,但在河的西侧,今天被称为圣费利佩Jesús。另一个名为索诺拉的地方是一个古老的Ópata定居点,名叫索诺塔,位于胡萨姆帕克北部Río索诺拉河东侧的一个泉边。纠正误解、发音错误、拼写错误,以及一个世纪以来西班牙人母语流利程度的差异,表明这条河、山谷和州都是以这个早期地点命名的。unlugar llamado Sonora出现在17至18世纪的los siglos文件中。他说:“我认为这是一个非常重要的问题。”Otras fuentes sitúan el sito sur de hu pac。Todas estas fuentes lo sitúan en el lado este del Río Sonora, perus和varias designones。Este artículo分析证据文件,cartográfica y geográfica y concluye que en realidad exists dos lugares denominados Sonora。Uno fute unentamiento minero español relativamente tardío al sur de husamacpac, perenel lado oeste del río, conconido hocomo San Felipe de Jesús。1 .电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:Río电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:电子邮件地址:我们的母语为corrección,我们的发音为malas,我们的母语为ortografía,我们的母语为españoles durante más我们的母语为españoles,我们的母语为río,我们的母语为río,我们的母语为río。SonoraSonotaReal de SonoraSeñoraOjo de aguahuacimacsan Felipe de JesúsRío Sonora Valley致谢我们感谢Richard Flint和Adán Benavides为16和17世纪西班牙文献提供了宝贵的翻译和见解;戴尔·布伦内曼(Dale Brenneman)帮助从亚利桑那大学的“西南纪录片关系”中检索了一些文件;第二技术学院17号的教职员工,感谢他们的热情好客和在校园内的指导;Gayle Hartmann对这篇论文早期版本的评论;还有审稿人,他们的真知灼见改进了这份手稿。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1历史文献包含许多不同的地名拼写(例如,Guepaca, Huepaca)。这篇文章通篇都使用了现代的地名使用“digo”是当时的标准抄写程序。它用于在作文时纠正错误,以防止伪造(Flint and Flint Citation2005:689, fn 598)。“Persona”是作者或抄写员写错的词,他们会立即更正自己,写“digo senora”或“我的意思是Sonora”。一位评论家指出了这一点,从而开始了我们对各种语言文本的搜索,这可能为Señora如何成为索诺拉提供线索。检查的文本是(Dávila Garibi Citation1950;梅森Citation1912;彭宁顿Citation1984:10-16;皮门特尔citation1874:305 - 307;(扫罗Citation1983:97-99, Citation1989, Citation2010:259-262)。不幸的是,我们的寻找没有结果San Juan Bautista矿于1657年开始运营(Borrero Silva Citation2009:244),并于1750年因洪水而废弃(West citation1994: 46,48)。本研究由个人资助进行。