Green Plants as a Sustainable Solution to Air Pollution

Abstract

In today’s global context, the escalation of air pollution stands out as an immensely critical environmental challenge that has attained a worldwide magnitude. This pressing issue not only impacts every living organism on our planet but is also intricately linked to the phenomenon of climate change. The significant increase in vehicular traffic, rapid urbanization, and infrastructure development have indirectly contributed to a higher concentration of harmful gaseous and particulate pollutants in the atmosphere, posing serious risks to human health. Extensive research has thoroughly documented the adverse effects of these air pollutants, with mortality and morbidity rates varying depending on the type of pollutant and the duration of exposure. However, amidst this crisis, green plants emerge as a cost-effective and promising solution to combat environmental pollution, presenting several additional benefits. Specifically, pollutiontolerant plant species are crucial in reducing ambient air pollution and the urban heat island effect. To assess a plant’s tolerance towards air pollution, experts use the air pollution tolerance index (APTI), which calculates crucial factors such as ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, pH, and relative water content in the plant. This determination provides a reliable method for categorizing plants into either tolerant or sensitive types in the face of air pollution. Moreover, the morphological characteristics of leaves, such as stomata distribution and density, cuticle thickness, and trichome density, play an essential role in adsorbing and absorbing particulate matter from the air. These inherent qualities further enhance plants’ potential to combat air pollution in a sustainable manner, making them valuable assets for the future. In light of this, the present review highlights the impressive capacity of plants to remediate air pollutants and explores the various strategies employed in this crucial endeavor. By leveraging the remarkable capabilities of green plants, we have the opportunity to address the air pollution crisis and embrace a sustainable path for the times to come. These remarkable organisms could be the sustainable saviors we need to protect our environment and secure a healthier future for all.