A Sacred Grove (SG) is any grove of trees, shrubs and even herbs of special religious importance to a particular culture. SGs are consideredas distinct patches of vegetation (ranging in size from a small cluster of a few trees to a large forest stand spanning several hundredacres) which are venerated in the name of local deities or ancestral spirits, promoting conservation. Conservation of biodiversity insacred groves is a consequence of the sacred physical space of the sacred grove which is communally shared as commons and used toobserve crucial social ceremonies in indigenous societies. While documenting the sacred groves in the district of North 24 Parganas ofWest Bengal through a detailed field survey, plants of local medicinal importance were identified in these patches in which the localpeople traditionally conserved the medicinal plants since time immemorial. An extensive field survey to potential district areas anddocumentation of major flora, including their correct identification and their related Traditional Knowledge (TK) in each SG was done.More than 120 local medicinal plants were found and traditional knowledge associated with these plants was documented whichincluded Adhatoda vasica, Abroma agustum, Andrographis paniculata, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Cocculus hirsutus, Gloriosasuperba, Tinospora cordifolia to name very few. Out of these purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus has also been reported inCOVID-19 treatment in many research papers. Traditional knowledge associated with these plants found in the sacred groves is a hiddentreasure from where further research, learning and dissemination of potential information can ensue. These SGs are examples of in-situconservation traditionally by local people and gene pool for various medicinal plants.
{"title":"Sacred Groves as the Source of Local Medicinal Plants and Sites of Biodiversity Conservation in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal","authors":"D. S. Mahanty, Shrabana Mazumder","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.07","url":null,"abstract":"A Sacred Grove (SG) is any grove of trees, shrubs and even herbs of special religious importance to a particular culture. SGs are consideredas distinct patches of vegetation (ranging in size from a small cluster of a few trees to a large forest stand spanning several hundredacres) which are venerated in the name of local deities or ancestral spirits, promoting conservation. Conservation of biodiversity insacred groves is a consequence of the sacred physical space of the sacred grove which is communally shared as commons and used toobserve crucial social ceremonies in indigenous societies. While documenting the sacred groves in the district of North 24 Parganas ofWest Bengal through a detailed field survey, plants of local medicinal importance were identified in these patches in which the localpeople traditionally conserved the medicinal plants since time immemorial. An extensive field survey to potential district areas anddocumentation of major flora, including their correct identification and their related Traditional Knowledge (TK) in each SG was done.More than 120 local medicinal plants were found and traditional knowledge associated with these plants was documented whichincluded Adhatoda vasica, Abroma agustum, Andrographis paniculata, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Cocculus hirsutus, Gloriosasuperba, Tinospora cordifolia to name very few. Out of these purified aqueous extract of Cocculus hirsutus has also been reported inCOVID-19 treatment in many research papers. Traditional knowledge associated with these plants found in the sacred groves is a hiddentreasure from where further research, learning and dissemination of potential information can ensue. These SGs are examples of in-situconservation traditionally by local people and gene pool for various medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this review article is to outline the role of the plant Cannabis sativa in treating human ailments. Giant pharmaceuticalcompanies are marketing phytochemicals extracted from Cannabis plant and its derivatives to treat epilepsy and multiple sclerosis.The present review emphasizes cannabinoids – its derivatives and synthetic analogs – as an active pharmaceutical Ingredient to treatailments related to autoimmune human body responses. The endocannabinoid system CB1 and CB2 respond differently to variousphytochemicals such as cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol and terpenes. They also interact with the endogenous ligands synthesized bythe human body. The role of nanotechnology in the design of a drug delivery system is discussed in this review. The advantages with theuse of Quantum dots are briefly outlined. Cannabis-based phytochemicals are known for psychotic and non-psychotic effects. We haveunderlined the immense potential of this plant in treating diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD) as one of the main non-psychotic phytochemicals,has established itself as an active pharmaceutical agent in some approved medicines worldwide. Cannabis-based phytochemicals can beused as targeted drug delivery vehicles. Future direction in this field could be a synthesis of derivatives of cannabidiol and its targeteddrug delivery to the cannabinoid receptors. In the oral route, the terpenes give the wholesome experience of consuming Cannabis.
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis Plant","authors":"Siddhesh Pote, Parul Khurana, Gaganjyot Kaur, Sonali Kokane","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.02","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review article is to outline the role of the plant Cannabis sativa in treating human ailments. Giant pharmaceuticalcompanies are marketing phytochemicals extracted from Cannabis plant and its derivatives to treat epilepsy and multiple sclerosis.The present review emphasizes cannabinoids – its derivatives and synthetic analogs – as an active pharmaceutical Ingredient to treatailments related to autoimmune human body responses. The endocannabinoid system CB1 and CB2 respond differently to variousphytochemicals such as cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol and terpenes. They also interact with the endogenous ligands synthesized bythe human body. The role of nanotechnology in the design of a drug delivery system is discussed in this review. The advantages with theuse of Quantum dots are briefly outlined. Cannabis-based phytochemicals are known for psychotic and non-psychotic effects. We haveunderlined the immense potential of this plant in treating diseases. Cannabidiol (CBD) as one of the main non-psychotic phytochemicals,has established itself as an active pharmaceutical agent in some approved medicines worldwide. Cannabis-based phytochemicals can beused as targeted drug delivery vehicles. Future direction in this field could be a synthesis of derivatives of cannabidiol and its targeteddrug delivery to the cannabinoid receptors. In the oral route, the terpenes give the wholesome experience of consuming Cannabis.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study to isolate and identify new laccase sources from an endophytic fungal source that could be used as a weapon foreliminating and detoxifying contaminants found in wastewater and aquatic habitats. Isolation was done from Calotropis gigantean plantleaves from different locations of paper mill effluents from the “Raipur” region of Chhattisgarh, India. Positive isolates were obtainedwith a dark brown color below and surrounding the fungal colony due to guaiacol oxidation on potato dextrose agar. One potentendophytic fungal isolate that produces laccase is identified as Aspergillus turcosus by using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) andBLAST analysis. After optimization, maximum laccase production was obtained at the following conditions: medium (Czapeck Dox Broth),carbon source (sucrose), nitrogen source (sodium nitrate), pH (6), activator tannic acid (20 mM), incubation period (35°C) and duration(8 days) with 3 (8 mM fermentation) disc inoculums. The maximum laccase activity was obtained at 65 U mL-1 in submerged optimizedconditions, which was more than two fold compared to the unoptimized conditions. As estimated by SDS-PAGE, The molecular massof the monomer of pure laccase was determined to be 66 kDa. After five days of treatment with the laccase of A. turcosus, the syntheticdyes phenol red, bromophenol blue, methyl orange, and Congo red lose their colour. Clearance rates for chemical oxygen demand were59.46 and 48.57%, and phenolic contaminants were 80 and 22.3% in coal and textile effluents during the required treatment periods,respectively. One novel and potent laccase-producing endophytic fungus was successfully isolated, which can be utilized as a laccaseproducingsource for various industrial applications.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Newly Laccase-Producing Endophytic Fungi in Submerged Cultures from Calotropis gigantean Plant Leaves","authors":"Sabiha Naz, Shailedra Gupta, Tanushree Chatterjee","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.06","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study to isolate and identify new laccase sources from an endophytic fungal source that could be used as a weapon foreliminating and detoxifying contaminants found in wastewater and aquatic habitats. Isolation was done from Calotropis gigantean plantleaves from different locations of paper mill effluents from the “Raipur” region of Chhattisgarh, India. Positive isolates were obtainedwith a dark brown color below and surrounding the fungal colony due to guaiacol oxidation on potato dextrose agar. One potentendophytic fungal isolate that produces laccase is identified as Aspergillus turcosus by using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) andBLAST analysis. After optimization, maximum laccase production was obtained at the following conditions: medium (Czapeck Dox Broth),carbon source (sucrose), nitrogen source (sodium nitrate), pH (6), activator tannic acid (20 mM), incubation period (35°C) and duration(8 days) with 3 (8 mM fermentation) disc inoculums. The maximum laccase activity was obtained at 65 U mL-1 in submerged optimizedconditions, which was more than two fold compared to the unoptimized conditions. As estimated by SDS-PAGE, The molecular massof the monomer of pure laccase was determined to be 66 kDa. After five days of treatment with the laccase of A. turcosus, the syntheticdyes phenol red, bromophenol blue, methyl orange, and Congo red lose their colour. Clearance rates for chemical oxygen demand were59.46 and 48.57%, and phenolic contaminants were 80 and 22.3% in coal and textile effluents during the required treatment periods,respectively. One novel and potent laccase-producing endophytic fungus was successfully isolated, which can be utilized as a laccaseproducingsource for various industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asha Sharma, Arun K R Mahato, Anand K Naorem, Geeta Padate
Prosopis juliflora is one among the top hundred recognized invasive species worldwide. The synergized effect of arid climatic conditionsand inherent soil salinity channeled this species’s intentional introduction in Banni grassland. Due to the allelopathic effect of this speciesthe existence of native grass species is in danger. However, in recent years, P. juliflora has replaced many of the native vegetation andis being recognized as an important species for the ecological stability of Banni grassland. Several ecologists have studied the role ofthis species in stabilizing the grassland ecosystem. In the present paper, its economic role is broadly reviewed with the vegetationcover maintained by it. In Banni grassland, the grass species grow only in monsoon and persists few months. For rest of the year (i.e. insummer) the green cover is maintained by P. juliflora. However, this species has provided remarkable livelihood opportunities. Apartfrom counting the negative effects, the counter-positive effects of the species have been recognized through this paper. P. juliflora hasslowly transformed the Banni grassland into woodland. It has also altered the micro-diversity in the soil and ultimately transformedthe whole ecosystem into new regimes. Eradication and reversion of P. juliflora spread is rather impossible. Hence, the managementaspects of P. juliflora that need to maximize its positive features are discussed.
{"title":"Invasive Prosopis juliflora: Role in Maintaining the Ecosystem Resilience of the Banni Grassland in Arid Gujarat, India","authors":"Asha Sharma, Arun K R Mahato, Anand K Naorem, Geeta Padate","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Prosopis juliflora is one among the top hundred recognized invasive species worldwide. The synergized effect of arid climatic conditionsand inherent soil salinity channeled this species’s intentional introduction in Banni grassland. Due to the allelopathic effect of this speciesthe existence of native grass species is in danger. However, in recent years, P. juliflora has replaced many of the native vegetation andis being recognized as an important species for the ecological stability of Banni grassland. Several ecologists have studied the role ofthis species in stabilizing the grassland ecosystem. In the present paper, its economic role is broadly reviewed with the vegetationcover maintained by it. In Banni grassland, the grass species grow only in monsoon and persists few months. For rest of the year (i.e. insummer) the green cover is maintained by P. juliflora. However, this species has provided remarkable livelihood opportunities. Apartfrom counting the negative effects, the counter-positive effects of the species have been recognized through this paper. P. juliflora hasslowly transformed the Banni grassland into woodland. It has also altered the micro-diversity in the soil and ultimately transformedthe whole ecosystem into new regimes. Eradication and reversion of P. juliflora spread is rather impossible. Hence, the managementaspects of P. juliflora that need to maximize its positive features are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mangroves are woody plants found growing at transition zones between land and sea in tropic and sub-tropical regions. They arehighly adapted morphologically and physiologically to survive in extreme environments. Mangroves are found worldwide in theirdistribution, with 110 species that belong to 20 different families. In India, mangrove forests are mostly found on the Andaman andNicobar Islands and the West and East Coast. Mangroves have enormous ecological, commercial and biological significance. They arealso regarded as hotspots for microbes because of their rich microbial diversity. Various types of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi,microalgae and macroalgae are abundant in mangrove ecosystems. More recently, fungal endophytes associated with mangroveshave added to their microbial diversity. Many mangrove plants are used as ethno-medicine in traditional health care. Mangroves arealso used as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. Fungal endophytes -colonizing medicinal plants are reported to produce importantbioactive metabolites. These endophytes are believed to produce same and more biologically active metabolites as compared to theirrespective hosts. Many fungal endophytes isolated from mangrove species have produced some important biological active metaboliteslike triterpenes, indole triterpenes, isocoumarin and marinamide. Therefore, the study of fungal endophytes associated with medicinalmangroves may give rise to important endophytic strains that might produce novel and new bioactive metabolites of pharmaceutical,industrial and agricultural importance. Due to the alarming rate of depletion of mangrove genetic resources across the world, it is highlyneeded to explore fungal endophytes associated with mangroves for the inventorisation of new metabolites.
{"title":"Exploration of Mangroves Associated Microbes for Bioactive Metabolites","authors":"Sushmita Paul, Fatima Siddiqua, K. Tayung","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Mangroves are woody plants found growing at transition zones between land and sea in tropic and sub-tropical regions. They arehighly adapted morphologically and physiologically to survive in extreme environments. Mangroves are found worldwide in theirdistribution, with 110 species that belong to 20 different families. In India, mangrove forests are mostly found on the Andaman andNicobar Islands and the West and East Coast. Mangroves have enormous ecological, commercial and biological significance. They arealso regarded as hotspots for microbes because of their rich microbial diversity. Various types of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi,microalgae and macroalgae are abundant in mangrove ecosystems. More recently, fungal endophytes associated with mangroveshave added to their microbial diversity. Many mangrove plants are used as ethno-medicine in traditional health care. Mangroves arealso used as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. Fungal endophytes -colonizing medicinal plants are reported to produce importantbioactive metabolites. These endophytes are believed to produce same and more biologically active metabolites as compared to theirrespective hosts. Many fungal endophytes isolated from mangrove species have produced some important biological active metaboliteslike triterpenes, indole triterpenes, isocoumarin and marinamide. Therefore, the study of fungal endophytes associated with medicinalmangroves may give rise to important endophytic strains that might produce novel and new bioactive metabolites of pharmaceutical,industrial and agricultural importance. Due to the alarming rate of depletion of mangrove genetic resources across the world, it is highlyneeded to explore fungal endophytes associated with mangroves for the inventorisation of new metabolites.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing demand for water due to population growth and globalization has led to sewage or wastewater being used to irrigatecrops. Irrigation with reused water has favorable effects on crops but also poses a threat to the ecosystem, soils, underground water,and human life. This research article presents an analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of sewage water in Bilaspur City todetermine its suitability for irrigation purposes. The study involved collecting and analyzing water samples from ten sampling sites inthe city. Results showed that the water had acceptable pH and salinity (Chloride). However, it has high turbidity, electrical conductivity,and biochemical oxygen demand, indicating poor quality of water. The levels of essential plant nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus,and potassium, were found to be within the acceptable range for agricultural use. Statistical analysis was performed, and Karl Pearson’scoefficient was determined and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The study concludes that the sewage water in Bilaspurcity may be suitable for irrigation purposes after appropriate treatment and management. This research provides valuable insights forpolicymakers and municipal authorities in promoting sustainable wastewater management practices for agricultural purposes.
{"title":"Physicochemical Characteristics of Sewage Water of Bilaspur City for Suitability for Irrigation Purposes","authors":"Nidhi Tiwari, Uttara Tiwari, Ashish Tiwari","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.05","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for water due to population growth and globalization has led to sewage or wastewater being used to irrigatecrops. Irrigation with reused water has favorable effects on crops but also poses a threat to the ecosystem, soils, underground water,and human life. This research article presents an analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of sewage water in Bilaspur City todetermine its suitability for irrigation purposes. The study involved collecting and analyzing water samples from ten sampling sites inthe city. Results showed that the water had acceptable pH and salinity (Chloride). However, it has high turbidity, electrical conductivity,and biochemical oxygen demand, indicating poor quality of water. The levels of essential plant nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus,and potassium, were found to be within the acceptable range for agricultural use. Statistical analysis was performed, and Karl Pearson’scoefficient was determined and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The study concludes that the sewage water in Bilaspurcity may be suitable for irrigation purposes after appropriate treatment and management. This research provides valuable insights forpolicymakers and municipal authorities in promoting sustainable wastewater management practices for agricultural purposes.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floating Constructed wetlands (FCWs) also popular as Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) were used in situ for suspended solids,heavy metals, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), faecal coliform bacteria, nutrients and heavy metalsremediation from various types of wastewater. However, there was limited data available on total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca2+) andmagnesium (Mg2+) ions removal from secondary treated sewage water (STSW). This article focuses on TH, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions removalefficiency of FCWs from STSW. Mesocosms include a control (without FCWs), FCWs planted with macrophyte plant species Cannaindica var. indica L. (S1) and Typha angustifolia L. (S2) and one mixed culture with both Typha and Canna plants (S3). The changes in TH,Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration in wastewater were recorded at a 7-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 7 batches. Mean percentageremoval efficiency recorded was 9.8, 1.7, 4.9 and 11.2% for TH, -3.4, 7.6, 27.1 and 14.1% for Ca2+and 29.5, 4.2, -0.6, and -0.6% for Mg2+,in Control, S1, S2, S3 FCWs respectively. Results showed that S2 and S3 FCWs are effective in TH and Ca2+ removal but not for Mg2+ ions.Thus, FCWs can reduce TH and Ca2+ ions concentration along with nutrients from STSW.
{"title":"Floating Constructed Wetlands Efficiency in Removal of Total Hardness, Calcium and Magnesium from Secondary Treated Sewage Water","authors":"Monika Kumari, Vinay Kumar, Bindu Sharma","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.13","url":null,"abstract":"Floating Constructed wetlands (FCWs) also popular as Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) were used in situ for suspended solids,heavy metals, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), faecal coliform bacteria, nutrients and heavy metalsremediation from various types of wastewater. However, there was limited data available on total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca2+) andmagnesium (Mg2+) ions removal from secondary treated sewage water (STSW). This article focuses on TH, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions removalefficiency of FCWs from STSW. Mesocosms include a control (without FCWs), FCWs planted with macrophyte plant species Cannaindica var. indica L. (S1) and Typha angustifolia L. (S2) and one mixed culture with both Typha and Canna plants (S3). The changes in TH,Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration in wastewater were recorded at a 7-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 7 batches. Mean percentageremoval efficiency recorded was 9.8, 1.7, 4.9 and 11.2% for TH, -3.4, 7.6, 27.1 and 14.1% for Ca2+and 29.5, 4.2, -0.6, and -0.6% for Mg2+,in Control, S1, S2, S3 FCWs respectively. Results showed that S2 and S3 FCWs are effective in TH and Ca2+ removal but not for Mg2+ ions.Thus, FCWs can reduce TH and Ca2+ ions concentration along with nutrients from STSW.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashish Mishra, Swati Mishra, Prakash Rajak, Hema Singh
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit, and Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC, were introduced across the country due to their wide importance andthey are posing threat to native trees and ecosystem because of their wild and invasive nature. Therefore, study of their invasive featuresbecomes important during the current rainfall shift as India is witnessing a decrease in average rainfall and rainy events but an increasein downpour events. Our study throws light upon these plants’ invasiveness and rainfall-adapted characteristics. We performed the studyin the Botanical Garden, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included two experiments (1) Seed germination underdifferent treatments- 48% H2SO4 for 40 minutes (T1), Water at 100°C for 10 minutes (T2), one-day water-soaked seed (T3); (2) Seedlingssurvival percentage and growth-indices under different watering conditions i.e., 50 mL water per seedling every day (W1), 50 mL wateronce in four days (W2), 50 mL water once in ten days (W3). Result of this study revealed that P. juliflora exhibited better germinationspeed and percentage in all three treatments (T1, T2, T3) in comparison to the L. leucocephala, while under T1 treatment, both exhibitedbest germination. On the 60th day of experiment maximum survival percentage was recorded under W2 water condition but maximumroot length was observed under W3 treatment for L. leucocephala and P. juliflora while maximum stem height was found under W1 andW2 treatments for L. leucocephala and P. juliflora respectively. These finding would conclude that P. juliflora is more potential invaderin comparison to L. leucocephala as this gave the best result under the drought stress condition W2 and W3 for all the parameters andstudy performed. Study also highlight the need of mitigation measures to curb the unlimited growth of P. juliflora under the presentscenario of rainfall shift favouring the invasion of drought tolerating plants.
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit 和 Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC 因其广泛的重要性而被引入印度各地，由于其野生和入侵的特性，它们对本地树木和生态系统构成了威胁。因此，在当前印度平均降雨量和降雨事件减少但暴雨事件增加的降雨转换时期，研究这些植物的入侵特征显得尤为重要。我们的研究揭示了这些植物的入侵性和适应降雨的特性。我们在印度北方邦巴纳拉斯印度大学植物园进行了这项研究。研究包括两个实验：（1）不同处理下的种子萌发--48% H2SO4 40 分钟（T1）、100°C 水浴 10 分钟（T2）、水浸种子一天（T3）；（2）不同浇水条件下的幼苗存活率和生长指数，即每株幼苗每天浇 50 mL 水（W1）、四天浇一次 50 mL 水（W2）、十天浇一次 50 mL 水（W3）。研究结果表明，在所有三种处理（T1、T2、T3）中，鹅掌楸的发芽速度和发芽率均优于鹅掌楸，而在 T1 处理中，两者的发芽率最高。在实验的第 60 天，W2 水条件下的存活率最高，但在 W3 处理下，白花蛇舌草和鹅掌楸的根长最大，而在 W1 和 W2 处理下，白花蛇舌草和鹅掌楸的茎高分别最大。这些发现可以得出结论：茱莉芙罗（P. juliflora）与鹅掌楸（L. leucocephala）相比更具入侵潜力，因为在干旱胁迫条件 W2 和 W3 下，茱莉芙罗（P. juliflora）的所有参数和研究结果都是最好的。研究还强调，在目前降雨量变化有利于耐旱植物入侵的情况下，需要采取缓解措施来遏制鹅掌楸的无限生长。
{"title":"Leucaena leucocephala and Prosopis juliflora: A comparative study of their seedlings with better drought adapted features in the time of rainfall pattern shifting","authors":"Ashish Mishra, Swati Mishra, Prakash Rajak, Hema Singh","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.09","url":null,"abstract":"Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit, and Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC, were introduced across the country due to their wide importance andthey are posing threat to native trees and ecosystem because of their wild and invasive nature. Therefore, study of their invasive featuresbecomes important during the current rainfall shift as India is witnessing a decrease in average rainfall and rainy events but an increasein downpour events. Our study throws light upon these plants’ invasiveness and rainfall-adapted characteristics. We performed the studyin the Botanical Garden, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included two experiments (1) Seed germination underdifferent treatments- 48% H2SO4 for 40 minutes (T1), Water at 100°C for 10 minutes (T2), one-day water-soaked seed (T3); (2) Seedlingssurvival percentage and growth-indices under different watering conditions i.e., 50 mL water per seedling every day (W1), 50 mL wateronce in four days (W2), 50 mL water once in ten days (W3). Result of this study revealed that P. juliflora exhibited better germinationspeed and percentage in all three treatments (T1, T2, T3) in comparison to the L. leucocephala, while under T1 treatment, both exhibitedbest germination. On the 60th day of experiment maximum survival percentage was recorded under W2 water condition but maximumroot length was observed under W3 treatment for L. leucocephala and P. juliflora while maximum stem height was found under W1 andW2 treatments for L. leucocephala and P. juliflora respectively. These finding would conclude that P. juliflora is more potential invaderin comparison to L. leucocephala as this gave the best result under the drought stress condition W2 and W3 for all the parameters andstudy performed. Study also highlight the need of mitigation measures to curb the unlimited growth of P. juliflora under the presentscenario of rainfall shift favouring the invasion of drought tolerating plants.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper provides an account of 61 taxa of liverworts and three hornwort species observed during recent survey of Nagaland.Out of these, 46 taxa (44 liverworts, 2 hornworts) are being reported for the first time from Nagaland. Cephaloziella herzogiana (Pandeand Srivastava) Udar and Kumar, and Porella caespitans (Steph.) S. Hatt. var. caespitans are reported as new to North-eastern India. FamilyPlagiochilaceae showed dominance with 14 species, followed by Lejeuneaceae with 9 species. Genus Plagiochila has maximum number(14) of species, followed by Frullania (5). In terms of habitat, corticolous liverworts are dominant as compared to terricolous and saxicolousspecies. In the present study key to all the taxa of Liverworts and Hornworts are also provided here along with habitat and distribution.
{"title":"On Recent Survey of Liverworts and Hornworts (Bryophyta) of Nagaland, India","authors":"V. Sahu, K. Rawat, A. Asthana","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.08","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper provides an account of 61 taxa of liverworts and three hornwort species observed during recent survey of Nagaland.Out of these, 46 taxa (44 liverworts, 2 hornworts) are being reported for the first time from Nagaland. Cephaloziella herzogiana (Pandeand Srivastava) Udar and Kumar, and Porella caespitans (Steph.) S. Hatt. var. caespitans are reported as new to North-eastern India. FamilyPlagiochilaceae showed dominance with 14 species, followed by Lejeuneaceae with 9 species. Genus Plagiochila has maximum number(14) of species, followed by Frullania (5). In terms of habitat, corticolous liverworts are dominant as compared to terricolous and saxicolousspecies. In the present study key to all the taxa of Liverworts and Hornworts are also provided here along with habitat and distribution.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of geomagnetic field on various biological processes is certainly an interesting research field, and more work is beingperformed across the globe. However, the impact of varying magnetic flux density on plant circadian rhythms has not yet beencompletely investigated. Different researchers have mostly focused their attention on the molecular workings of circadian rhythms invarious plant systems and the circadian architecture of transcriptomes under varying conditions. The present investigation evaluatedthe influence of variable geomagnetic field on the expression of genes that are under the control of circadian rhythm, and checkedwhether the expression pattern of these genes with respect to time (circadian nature) under different magnetic flux density changesor not in Arabidopsis seedlings. This study examined the impact of varying magnetic flux densities on the mRNA expression levels ofsix genes in Arabidopsis thaliana during the final 33 hours of their total 120 hour growth period. A. thaliana seedlings were subjectedto four distinct magnetic flux densities (0, 25, 50, and 90 μT), and the abundance of transcripts for chlorophyll a/b binding protein 4,the large subunit of RuBisCO, rubisco activase, chalcone synthase, porphobilinogen synthase, and phytoene dehydrogenase genes wasexamined. While the present study’s findings lend credence to the idea that the aforementioned genes are differentially expressed inresponse to changes in magnetic flux density, it also proved that the circadian nature of these genes was largely unaffected, with theirexpression pattern remaining largely unaltered regardless of the strength of the magnetic field.
{"title":"Effect of the Static Magnetic Fields on the Circadian Rhythm in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"S. K. Dhiman, Ashish Agnihotri","doi":"10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v9i03.04","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of geomagnetic field on various biological processes is certainly an interesting research field, and more work is beingperformed across the globe. However, the impact of varying magnetic flux density on plant circadian rhythms has not yet beencompletely investigated. Different researchers have mostly focused their attention on the molecular workings of circadian rhythms invarious plant systems and the circadian architecture of transcriptomes under varying conditions. The present investigation evaluatedthe influence of variable geomagnetic field on the expression of genes that are under the control of circadian rhythm, and checkedwhether the expression pattern of these genes with respect to time (circadian nature) under different magnetic flux density changesor not in Arabidopsis seedlings. This study examined the impact of varying magnetic flux densities on the mRNA expression levels ofsix genes in Arabidopsis thaliana during the final 33 hours of their total 120 hour growth period. A. thaliana seedlings were subjectedto four distinct magnetic flux densities (0, 25, 50, and 90 μT), and the abundance of transcripts for chlorophyll a/b binding protein 4,the large subunit of RuBisCO, rubisco activase, chalcone synthase, porphobilinogen synthase, and phytoene dehydrogenase genes wasexamined. While the present study’s findings lend credence to the idea that the aforementioned genes are differentially expressed inresponse to changes in magnetic flux density, it also proved that the circadian nature of these genes was largely unaffected, with theirexpression pattern remaining largely unaltered regardless of the strength of the magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":14298,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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