Modelling of synchronous generators for the analysis of frequency transients above 1 Hz/s

Abstract

: Large synchronous generators are of high importance for the stability of power systems. They generate the frequency of the system and stabilize it in case of severe grid faults like trips of large in-feeders or loads. In distributed energy systems, in-feed via inverters will replace this generation in large parts. Modern inverters are capable of supporting grid frequency during severe faults by different means on the one hand. On the other hand, higher Rates of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) after incidents need to be accustomed by future systems. To be able to analyse the RoCoF withstand capability of synchronous or induction generators, suitable models need to be developed. Especially the control and excitation system model need enhancements compared to models proposed in standards like IEEE Std 421.5. This paper elaborates on the necessary modelling depth and validates the approach with example results.