Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken method

IF 3.2 3区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE e-Polymers Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1515/epoly-2023-0052
Felix Sahayaraj Arockiasamy, Mayakrishnan Muthukrishnan, Jenish Iyyadurai, Seeniappan Kaliappan, Natrayan Lakshmaiya, Sinouvassane Djearamane, Lai-Hock Tey, Ling Shing Wong, Saminathan Kayarohanam, Sami Al Obaid, Saleh Alfarraj, Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar
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Abstract

Abstract The tribological properties of the sponge gourd outer skin fiber (SGOSF)-reinforced epoxy composites filled with tamarind seed powder were investigated using a pin-on-disc dry sliding wear testing machine. The fiber and filler contents were kept constant (30 and 7.5 wt%). The fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which increases the bonding strength that has been identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM). A filler content of 7.5 wt% has better hardness due to the embedment of filler with treated fiber and epoxy. Therefore, the SGOSFs/epoxy with 7.5 wt% tamarind filler was chosen for the study of tribological characterization. The lowest specific wear rate of 2.565 × 10 −4 mm 3 ·N m −1 was obtained using the design of expert optimization technique for the control factors such as a load of 44.99 N, a sliding distance of 1,701.39 m, and a sliding velocity of 3.36 m·s −1 using a ramp plot at the desirable level of 1. For the gripping material application, the highest coefficient of friction value of 0.51 was obtained by maintaining the specified input parameters, such as a load of 42.15 N, a sliding distance of 1,874.86 m, and a sliding velocity of 4.99 m·s −1 using a ramp plot at the desirable level of 0.927. SEM images were used to investigate the failure mechanism of the worn surfaces, which substantiates the failure of the pure matrix layer on the surface even at low load, followed by the formation of a rarely breakable adhesive layer.
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Box-Behnken法研究了绢毛猴种子填料对海绵葫芦外皮纤维增强环氧复合材料的摩擦学特性
摘要采用针盘式干滑动磨损试验机研究了罗望子粉填充海绵葫芦外皮纤维(SGOSF)增强环氧复合材料的摩擦学性能。纤维和填料含量保持不变(30%和7.5% wt%)。用氢氧化钠(NaOH)处理纤维,增强了纤维的结合强度,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对其进行了观察。当填料含量为7.5 wt%时,由于填料包埋了处理过的纤维和环氧树脂,因此具有较好的硬度。因此,选择7.5%罗望子填充的SGOSFs/环氧树脂进行摩擦学表征研究。在负荷为44.99 N、滑动距离为1,701.39 m、滑动速度为3.36 m·s−1的控制条件下,采用专家优化技术设计,在理想水平为1的坡道图下,获得了最低的比磨损率为2.565 × 10−4 mm 3·N m−1。在夹持材料应用中,当载荷为42.15 N,滑动距离为1,874.86 m,滑动速度为4.99 m·s−1,坡道图的理想水平为0.927时,保持指定的输入参数时,摩擦系数最高为0.51。利用扫描电镜分析了磨损表面的破坏机制,结果表明,即使在低载荷下,表面的纯基体层也会破坏,随后形成不易破碎的粘接层。
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来源期刊
e-Polymers
e-Polymers 化学-高分子科学
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
10.80%
发文量
64
审稿时长
6.4 months
期刊介绍: e-Polymers is a strictly peer-reviewed scientific journal. The aim of e-Polymers is to publish pure and applied polymer-science-related original research articles, reviews, and feature articles. It includes synthetic methodologies, characterization, and processing techniques for polymer materials. Reports on interdisciplinary polymer science and on applications of polymers in all areas are welcome. The present Editors-in-Chief would like to thank the authors, the reviewers, the editorial staff, the advisory board, and the supporting organization that made e-Polymers a successful and sustainable scientific journal of the polymer community. The Editors of e-Polymers feel very much engaged to provide best publishing services at the highest possible level.
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