Visible light-driven photo remediation of hazardous cationic dye via Ce-doped WO3 nanostructures

IF 7.2 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Journal of Rare Earths Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-13 DOI:10.1016/j.jre.2023.11.007

Azra Haroon , Kaseed Anwar , Arham S. Ahmed

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Abstract

Ce-doped WO₃ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the sol–gel method and characterized through advanced characterization techniques. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show a reduction in the agglomeration of nanoparticles upon doping. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis validates the existence of the Ce element in all the doped samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectra justify the presence of structural defects (oxygen vacancies) and successful formation of the monoclinic WO₃ phase, respectively. The Kubelka–Munk function indicates a decrease in band gap with doping, while photoluminescence (PL) spectra show intense visible and UV emissions. Significantly, all doped samples exhibit higher photocatalytic performance than pure WO₃ nanoparticles, with the 6 wt% Ce-doped sample displaying the highest degradation rate. Doping with Ce can help to increase the surface area of WO₃, thereby improving its photoactivity. Moreover, a correlation between PL and photocatalysis is established in the light of oxygen vacancies suggesting a direct dependence of high photocatalytic activity on strong PL signals of WO₃ nanostructures. Trapping experiments further reveal that the degradation process is primarily driven by active species, providing insight into a plausible photocatalytic mechanism.

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通过掺杂铈的 WO3 纳米结构对有害阳离子染料进行可见光驱动的光修复

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了掺杂 Ce 的 WO3 纳米粒子，并通过先进的表征技术对其进行了表征。高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果表明，掺杂后纳米粒子的团聚减少。能量色散 X 射线（EDX）分析验证了所有掺杂样品中都存在 Ce 元素。X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和拉曼光谱分别证明了结构缺陷（氧空位）的存在和单斜 WO3 相的成功形成。库伯卡-蒙克（Kubelka-Munk）函数表明带隙随着掺杂而减小，而光致发光（PL）光谱则显示出强烈的可见光和紫外线辐射。值得注意的是，与纯 WO3 纳米粒子相比，所有掺杂样品都具有更高的光催化性能，其中掺杂 6 wt% Ce 的样品具有最高的降解率。掺杂 Ce 有助于增加 WO3 的表面积，从而提高其光活性。此外，在氧空位的作用下，聚光和光催化之间建立了相关性，这表明高光催化活性直接依赖于 WO3 纳米结构的强聚光信号。捕获实验进一步揭示了降解过程主要是由活性物种驱动的，从而深入了解了一种合理的光催化机制。

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来源期刊

Journal of Rare Earths 化学-应用化学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

14.30%

发文量

374

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Rare Earths reports studies on the 17 rare earth elements. It is a unique English-language learned journal that publishes works on various aspects of basic theory and applied science in the field of rare earths (RE). The journal accepts original high-quality original research papers and review articles with inventive content, and complete experimental data. It represents high academic standards and new progress in the RE field. Due to the advantage of abundant RE resources of China, the research on RE develops very actively, and papers on the latest progress in this field emerge every year. It is not only an important resource in which technicians publish and obtain their latest research results on RE, but also an important way of reflecting the updated progress in RE research field. The Journal of Rare Earths covers all research and application of RE rare earths including spectroscopy, luminescence and phosphors, rare earth catalysis, magnetism and magnetic materials, advanced rare earth materials, RE chemistry & hydrometallurgy, RE metallography & pyrometallurgy, RE new materials, RE solid state physics & solid state chemistry, rare earth applications, RE analysis & test, RE geology & ore dressing, etc.