Website Representation as a Potential Barrier for Veterans Accessing Outdoor Programming

IF 0.7 Q4 REHABILITATION Therapeutic Recreation Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI:10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11955
Joanna Bettman, Aaron Leonard, Ellison Blumenthal
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Abstract

Research indicates that outdoor recreation can serve as adjunct to mental health treatment for veterans, enhancing mental health of veteran populations. However, existing outdoor programs appear to serve largely White, male populations even though many veterans are female and racially diverse. In order to consider barriers to outdoor program engagement for diverse and marginalized populations of veterans, the present study examined website landing pages for programs which provide outdoor programming for veterans and/or military populations. The study aimed to answer the question: what racial and gender identities appear on the online marketing for veterans-serving outdoor programs? In order to answer the research question, four coders independently coded visual data from imagery found on publicly-available websites and each organization’s associated social media. Three hundred and six organizations which provide outdoor programming for veterans were identified and coded in the present study. Image coding showed that website landing pages for outdoor programs serving veterans present overwhelming White and male images, rather than images of women and racial minorities. The implications of the present study for veteran outdoor programs are that such programs need to consider how they market and present themselves in terms of representing diverse and marginalized identities in their materials. Without modifying their existing materials, female veterans and veterans from racially diverse backgrounds and marginalized communities will continue to face substantial barriers in getting outdoors.
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网站表现是退伍军人参加户外活动的潜在障碍
研究表明,户外休闲活动可以作为退伍军人心理健康治疗的辅助手段,提高退伍军人群体的心理健康水平。然而,现有的户外项目似乎主要服务于白人男性人群,尽管许多退伍军人是女性和种族多元化的。为了考虑多样化和边缘化的退伍军人群体参与户外活动的障碍,本研究调查了为退伍军人和/或军人群体提供户外活动的项目的网站登陆页面。该研究旨在回答这样一个问题:退伍军人户外服务项目的在线营销中出现了哪些种族和性别身份?为了回答这个研究问题,四名编码员从公开网站和每个组织相关的社交媒体上找到的图像中独立编码视觉数据。本研究确定并编码了306个为退伍军人提供户外节目的组织。图像编码显示,为退伍军人提供户外活动的网站登陆页面上绝大多数是白人和男性的图像,而不是女性和少数族裔的图像。本研究对资深户外项目的启示是,这些项目需要考虑如何在其材料中代表多样化和边缘化的身份来营销和展示自己。如果不修改现有的材料,女性退伍军人、来自不同种族背景和边缘化社区的退伍军人在外出时将继续面临重大障碍。
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