Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12213
Bryan P. McCormick, David R. Austin
The profession of recreational therapy first established professional membership organizations in the 1940s and 1950s. The most recent national professional membership organization was developed in 1984, when the American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) was formed. The National Academy of Recreational Therapists (NART) was established in 2011 as an honor society to recognize the most accomplished practitioners and educators in recreational therapy and to provide a clearinghouse for the exchange of ideas that would ultimately lead to the advancement of the recreational therapy profession. Efforts to establish NART began in 2009 when David Austin and Ray West drafted a conceptualization of the academy and its operations, as well as proposed a set of by-laws. A steering committee was subsequently established to review and approve by-laws for NART and to establish the Founding Fellows of NART. The central purpose of the Academy was the advancement of recreational therapy by recognition, education, research, scholarly activity, advocacy, and the provision of advice to decision makers. Since its inception NART has established and funded a Future Scholars Fund to support outstanding graduate students considering pursuing a terminal degree, as well as the Marcia Carter Scholarly Manuscript Award for the best annual publication in the Therapeutic Recreation Journal. Over its first 10 years, NART made revisions to its bylaws to refine criteria and categories for Fellows, and by 2021 there were 77 elected Fellows. The invited paper summarizes the first 10 years and considers a number of original goals that remain to be realized to support and advance this honor society.
{"title":"The History of the National Academy of Recreational Therapists: 2011–2021","authors":"Bryan P. McCormick, David R. Austin","doi":"10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12213","url":null,"abstract":"The profession of recreational therapy first established professional membership organizations in the 1940s and 1950s. The most recent national professional membership organization was developed in 1984, when the American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) was formed. The National Academy of Recreational Therapists (NART) was established in 2011 as an honor society to recognize the most accomplished practitioners and educators in recreational therapy and to provide a clearinghouse for the exchange of ideas that would ultimately lead to the advancement of the recreational therapy profession. Efforts to establish NART began in 2009 when David Austin and Ray West drafted a conceptualization of the academy and its operations, as well as proposed a set of by-laws. A steering committee was subsequently established to review and approve by-laws for NART and to establish the Founding Fellows of NART. The central purpose of the Academy was the advancement of recreational therapy by recognition, education, research, scholarly activity, advocacy, and the provision of advice to decision makers. Since its inception NART has established and funded a Future Scholars Fund to support outstanding graduate students considering pursuing a terminal degree, as well as the Marcia Carter Scholarly Manuscript Award for the best annual publication in the Therapeutic Recreation Journal. Over its first 10 years, NART made revisions to its bylaws to refine criteria and categories for Fellows, and by 2021 there were 77 elected Fellows. The invited paper summarizes the first 10 years and considers a number of original goals that remain to be realized to support and advance this honor society.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-11746
Mikayla Soli, Rhonda Nelson
This study aimed to evaluate a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program delivered in an inpatient treatment setting serving military personnel. This recreational therapy (RT) program assessed the impact of a single session (60-minute) HIIT program on participant affect and state-anxiety. Using a single-group pretest-posttest design, 58 data sets were collected from participants (N = 20). Results indicated an increase in positive affect (z = -.6.52, p < .001), a decrease in negative affect (z = -2.64, p < .01), and a significant reduction in anxiety, t (57) = 1.99, p = .05 following the intervention. The program also resulted in a significant elevation in heart rate, t (57) = -25.89, p < .001 with most participants reaching moderate to high intensity physical activity levels. On a scale of 1–10, participants rated their likelihood of participating in HIIT post-discharge at 6.28 (SD = 2.43). Additional qualitative data provides valuable insight on the perceived benefits to participants and offers suggestions for future program development and research in this area.
{"title":"Evaluation of a High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Program for Military Personnel Receiving Inpatient Treatment for a Substance Use Disorder","authors":"Mikayla Soli, Rhonda Nelson","doi":"10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-11746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-11746","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program delivered in an inpatient treatment setting serving military personnel. This recreational therapy (RT) program assessed the impact of a single session (60-minute) HIIT program on participant affect and state-anxiety. Using a single-group pretest-posttest design, 58 data sets were collected from participants (N = 20). Results indicated an increase in positive affect (z = -.6.52, p < .001), a decrease in negative affect (z = -2.64, p < .01), and a significant reduction in anxiety, t (57) = 1.99, p = .05 following the intervention. The program also resulted in a significant elevation in heart rate, t (57) = -25.89, p < .001 with most participants reaching moderate to high intensity physical activity levels. On a scale of 1–10, participants rated their likelihood of participating in HIIT post-discharge at 6.28 (SD = 2.43). Additional qualitative data provides valuable insight on the perceived benefits to participants and offers suggestions for future program development and research in this area.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12077
Chad Romoser, Rhonda Nelson, Thomas Ferrill
This study used survey methods to examine recreational therapists’ perceptions of the usability of the Meta Quest 2, a popular commercial virtual reality (VR) system, for recreational therapy (RT) practice. Participants (N = 22) completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) following attendance at a six-hour continuing education workshop that included didactic education and experiential learning with the Meta Quest 2 and eight different VR applications. The SUS scores ranged from 37.50–97.50 (M = 64.31, SD = 17.93) which corresponds with a “high marginal” acceptability rating, a letter grade of C-, and an adjective rating of “good” based on three separate SUS interpretation guidelines. There were no significant differences in SUS scores across several personal (age, gender, race) and professional (years of RT practice experience, primary service setting, client diagnostic characteristics, age of clients served) demographic groups. Findings add to the evidence-base in the emerging area of VR use in RT practice, and suggest opportunities for future research.
本研究采用调查方法，考察娱乐治疗师对流行的商用虚拟现实（VR）系统 Meta Quest 2 在娱乐治疗（RT）实践中的可用性的看法。参加者（22 人）在参加了为期六小时的继续教育研讨会后填写了系统可用性量表（SUS），该研讨会包括授课教育和使用 Meta Quest 2 和八种不同 VR 应用程序的体验式学习。SUS 分数范围为 37.50-97.50（M = 64.31，SD = 17.93），相当于 "高边缘 "可接受性评级，字母等级为 C-，根据三个不同的 SUS 解释指南，形容词评级为 "好"。不同的个人（年龄、性别、种族）和专业（RT 实践经验年限、主要服务环境、客户诊断特征、服务客户年龄）人口统计群体在 SUS 分数上没有明显差异。研究结果为在 RT 实践中使用 VR 这一新兴领域提供了更多证据，并为今后的研究提供了机会。
{"title":"Recreational Therapists’ Usability Perceptions of the Meta Quest 2 VR System","authors":"Chad Romoser, Rhonda Nelson, Thomas Ferrill","doi":"10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12077","url":null,"abstract":"This study used survey methods to examine recreational therapists’ perceptions of the usability of the Meta Quest 2, a popular commercial virtual reality (VR) system, for recreational therapy (RT) practice. Participants (N = 22) completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) following attendance at a six-hour continuing education workshop that included didactic education and experiential learning with the Meta Quest 2 and eight different VR applications. The SUS scores ranged from 37.50–97.50 (M = 64.31, SD = 17.93) which corresponds with a “high marginal” acceptability rating, a letter grade of C-, and an adjective rating of “good” based on three separate SUS interpretation guidelines. There were no significant differences in SUS scores across several personal (age, gender, race) and professional (years of RT practice experience, primary service setting, client diagnostic characteristics, age of clients served) demographic groups. Findings add to the evidence-base in the emerging area of VR use in RT practice, and suggest opportunities for future research.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12175
Ashlyn Stevens, Son Truong
With the high prevalence of exposure to traumatic events, therapeutic programs that are focused on the recovery of individuals who have experienced trauma is necessary. Nature-based recreation and leisure programs have been found to be helpful for supporting mental health and wellbeing and are increasingly being used in therapeutic contexts. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine current research on the use of therapeutic nature-based activities being employed to support the recovery of individuals who have experienced trauma. This review utilized an established framework for conducting scoping reviews and a modified thematic analysis to gather and interpret relevant data. There were 25 studies included in this review, with three overarching themes being identified: nature experiences providing opportunities for respite and reprieve from trauma symptoms; building and improving connections and relationships to others; and supporting the development of positive intrapersonal outcomes. Gaps in the literature include a need for more diversity in the types of traumas being researched, the need to report more detailed information on the practitioner backgrounds and qualifications, as well as more descriptive information on program design and activities used to provide more insight into how interventions are delivered. Findings of this review are useful for practitioners to better understand the use of therapeutic nature-based programs for individuals who have experienced trauma.
{"title":"Exploring Therapeutic Nature-Based Programs for Individuals Who Have Experienced Trauma: A Scoping Review","authors":"Ashlyn Stevens, Son Truong","doi":"10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12175","url":null,"abstract":"With the high prevalence of exposure to traumatic events, therapeutic programs that are focused on the recovery of individuals who have experienced trauma is necessary. Nature-based recreation and leisure programs have been found to be helpful for supporting mental health and wellbeing and are increasingly being used in therapeutic contexts. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine current research on the use of therapeutic nature-based activities being employed to support the recovery of individuals who have experienced trauma. This review utilized an established framework for conducting scoping reviews and a modified thematic analysis to gather and interpret relevant data. There were 25 studies included in this review, with three overarching themes being identified: nature experiences providing opportunities for respite and reprieve from trauma symptoms; building and improving connections and relationships to others; and supporting the development of positive intrapersonal outcomes. Gaps in the literature include a need for more diversity in the types of traumas being researched, the need to report more detailed information on the practitioner backgrounds and qualifications, as well as more descriptive information on program design and activities used to provide more insight into how interventions are delivered. Findings of this review are useful for practitioners to better understand the use of therapeutic nature-based programs for individuals who have experienced trauma.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Yoga on Health Outcomes in Adults with Chronic Stroke","authors":"Alexis Klocek, Heidi Ross, Melissa Steinheiser, Savannah Sell, Heather Porter","doi":"10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12516","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>n/a</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-11735
S. Sklar, Marcia Jean Carter
Adaptive outdoor recreation experiences are widely accepted as a means to rehabilitation and community inclusion; however, therapeutic recreation specialists, have been limited in their ability to document benefits of outdoor recreation activities due to a lack of available instruments. This study reports on the development and implementation of the Progress Report assessment tool, designed to capture functional outcomes of an adaptive snow sports program in the Rocky Mountains. Instrument design, validation, and pilot testing are reviewed. Findings indicate positive changes in participant functional skills observed during snow sports lessons and a positive relationship between number of lessons and one’s ability for the respective snow sports activity. Considerations for adaptation and application of the Progress Report, and implications for future research, are discussed.
{"title":"Evidence-Based Practice in Adaptive Snow Sports: A Brief Report","authors":"S. Sklar, Marcia Jean Carter","doi":"10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-11735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-11735","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive outdoor recreation experiences are widely accepted as a means to rehabilitation and community inclusion; however, therapeutic recreation specialists, have been limited in their ability to document benefits of outdoor recreation activities due to a lack of available instruments. This study reports on the development and implementation of the Progress Report assessment tool, designed to capture functional outcomes of an adaptive snow sports program in the Rocky Mountains. Instrument design, validation, and pilot testing are reviewed. Findings indicate positive changes in participant functional skills observed during snow sports lessons and a positive relationship between number of lessons and one’s ability for the respective snow sports activity. Considerations for adaptation and application of the Progress Report, and implications for future research, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12153
Lynn S. Anderson, L. Heyne, Pei-Chun Hsieh
The Flourishing through Leisure Model (FTL) is a recently developed practice model in the field. Using a convenience sample of 210, this cross-sectional study aimed to test the model’s validity. Participants were recruited from seven different sites that provided therapeutic recreation services (both clinical and community settings). A 110-question online survey was used to collect data on the theoretical constructs of the FTL, including overall well-being, leisure, and other well-being domains (i.e., psychological, cognitive, social, physical, and spiritual well-being), as well as the ecological impact on well-being. The results of this study suggested that overall well-being is significantly correlated with all other well-being domains. Additionally, the regression model with the following predictors—psychological/emotional, environmental factors, leisure participation, social, and leisure experiences—successfully explained 71.3% of the variance in predicting overall well-being. The findings of this study supported the FTL as a sound model to guide recreational therapists in practice.
{"title":"Testing the Validity of the Flourishing through Leisure Model","authors":"Lynn S. Anderson, L. Heyne, Pei-Chun Hsieh","doi":"10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2024-v58-i2-12153","url":null,"abstract":"The Flourishing through Leisure Model (FTL) is a recently developed practice model in the field. Using a convenience sample of 210, this cross-sectional study aimed to test the model’s validity. Participants were recruited from seven different sites that provided therapeutic recreation services (both clinical and community settings). A 110-question online survey was used to collect data on the theoretical constructs of the FTL, including overall well-being, leisure, and other well-being domains (i.e., psychological, cognitive, social, physical, and spiritual well-being), as well as the ecological impact on well-being. The results of this study suggested that overall well-being is significantly correlated with all other well-being domains. Additionally, the regression model with the following predictors—psychological/emotional, environmental factors, leisure participation, social, and leisure experiences—successfully explained 71.3% of the variance in predicting overall well-being. The findings of this study supported the FTL as a sound model to guide recreational therapists in practice.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11955
Joanna Bettman, Aaron Leonard, Ellison Blumenthal
Research indicates that outdoor recreation can serve as adjunct to mental health treatment for veterans, enhancing mental health of veteran populations. However, existing outdoor programs appear to serve largely White, male populations even though many veterans are female and racially diverse. In order to consider barriers to outdoor program engagement for diverse and marginalized populations of veterans, the present study examined website landing pages for programs which provide outdoor programming for veterans and/or military populations. The study aimed to answer the question: what racial and gender identities appear on the online marketing for veterans-serving outdoor programs? In order to answer the research question, four coders independently coded visual data from imagery found on publicly-available websites and each organization’s associated social media. Three hundred and six organizations which provide outdoor programming for veterans were identified and coded in the present study. Image coding showed that website landing pages for outdoor programs serving veterans present overwhelming White and male images, rather than images of women and racial minorities. The implications of the present study for veteran outdoor programs are that such programs need to consider how they market and present themselves in terms of representing diverse and marginalized identities in their materials. Without modifying their existing materials, female veterans and veterans from racially diverse backgrounds and marginalized communities will continue to face substantial barriers in getting outdoors.
{"title":"Website Representation as a Potential Barrier for Veterans Accessing Outdoor Programming","authors":"Joanna Bettman, Aaron Leonard, Ellison Blumenthal","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11955","url":null,"abstract":"Research indicates that outdoor recreation can serve as adjunct to mental health treatment for veterans, enhancing mental health of veteran populations. However, existing outdoor programs appear to serve largely White, male populations even though many veterans are female and racially diverse. In order to consider barriers to outdoor program engagement for diverse and marginalized populations of veterans, the present study examined website landing pages for programs which provide outdoor programming for veterans and/or military populations. The study aimed to answer the question: what racial and gender identities appear on the online marketing for veterans-serving outdoor programs? In order to answer the research question, four coders independently coded visual data from imagery found on publicly-available websites and each organization’s associated social media. Three hundred and six organizations which provide outdoor programming for veterans were identified and coded in the present study. Image coding showed that website landing pages for outdoor programs serving veterans present overwhelming White and male images, rather than images of women and racial minorities. The implications of the present study for veteran outdoor programs are that such programs need to consider how they market and present themselves in terms of representing diverse and marginalized identities in their materials. Without modifying their existing materials, female veterans and veterans from racially diverse backgrounds and marginalized communities will continue to face substantial barriers in getting outdoors.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11989
Blair McKissock, Betsy Kemeny, Taylor Hooker, Courtney Gramlich
Certified Therapeutic Recreational Specialists (CTRS®) have incorporated equines into their practice for many years. Though not common, it is growing in popularity as the demand for equine-assisted services (EAS) grows. Recent factors draw new attention and significance to the discussion, including the 2021 Optimal Terminology Consensus paper. This paper left out recreational therapy (RT) service provision. The American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) Board of Directors commissioned a task force to define the position of therapeutic recreation within the defined service provisions of EAS and the role of the CTRS® in the implementation. This paper examines RT within the newly defined EAS scope. As a result of this work, RT was accepted as a therapy service as defined by the parameters of the Optimal Terminology Consensus paper under “Therapy.” The role of the CTRS® in planning and implementing a RT session incorporating equines using the Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (APIE) process is also discussed. The hope is to advocate for and bring awareness to the essential role of RT and the need for further development of professional competencies, training, protocols, and standards for CTRS®s who incorporate equines into their practice as an intervention or modality for their clients.
{"title":"The Role of Recreational Therapy in Equine-Assisted Services","authors":"Blair McKissock, Betsy Kemeny, Taylor Hooker, Courtney Gramlich","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11989","url":null,"abstract":"Certified Therapeutic Recreational Specialists (CTRS®) have incorporated equines into their practice for many years. Though not common, it is growing in popularity as the demand for equine-assisted services (EAS) grows. Recent factors draw new attention and significance to the discussion, including the 2021 Optimal Terminology Consensus paper. This paper left out recreational therapy (RT) service provision. The American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) Board of Directors commissioned a task force to define the position of therapeutic recreation within the defined service provisions of EAS and the role of the CTRS® in the implementation. This paper examines RT within the newly defined EAS scope. As a result of this work, RT was accepted as a therapy service as defined by the parameters of the Optimal Terminology Consensus paper under “Therapy.” The role of the CTRS® in planning and implementing a RT session incorporating equines using the Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (APIE) process is also discussed. The hope is to advocate for and bring awareness to the essential role of RT and the need for further development of professional competencies, training, protocols, and standards for CTRS®s who incorporate equines into their practice as an intervention or modality for their clients.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11995
Mildred Oligbo, Lisa Mische Lawson, Prasanna Vaduvathiriyan
Though not considered a core diagnostic criterion, most children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present with motor impairments that persist into adolescence. In addition, compared to same-age peers, children with ASD participate less in physical, leisure, and recreation activities. The World Health Organization considers participation to be critical to quality of life. This scoping review presents the types of interventions used to address gross motor impairments, and the standardized outcome measures within the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), used to evaluate the impact of the interventions. Results produced 17 articles and five types of motor interventions, including land-based exercise, motor physical activity interventions; sports-based, active recreation; movement-based mind-body interventions; equine or therapeutic horseback riding, and active video games/virtual and augmented reality. The interventions were provided by either a single discipline or an interprofessional team, with physical and recreational therapy being underrepresented as team members. Most studies used outcome measures in the body functions and structures, and activities domains of the ICF and few in the participation domain. The results of this study will be important to professionals for planning, implementing, and monitoring interventions for children with ASD.
{"title":"Motor Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review","authors":"Mildred Oligbo, Lisa Mische Lawson, Prasanna Vaduvathiriyan","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i4-11995","url":null,"abstract":"Though not considered a core diagnostic criterion, most children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present with motor impairments that persist into adolescence. In addition, compared to same-age peers, children with ASD participate less in physical, leisure, and recreation activities. The World Health Organization considers participation to be critical to quality of life. This scoping review presents the types of interventions used to address gross motor impairments, and the standardized outcome measures within the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), used to evaluate the impact of the interventions. Results produced 17 articles and five types of motor interventions, including land-based exercise, motor physical activity interventions; sports-based, active recreation; movement-based mind-body interventions; equine or therapeutic horseback riding, and active video games/virtual and augmented reality. The interventions were provided by either a single discipline or an interprofessional team, with physical and recreational therapy being underrepresented as team members. Most studies used outcome measures in the body functions and structures, and activities domains of the ICF and few in the participation domain. The results of this study will be important to professionals for planning, implementing, and monitoring interventions for children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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