Hiding in Plain Sight: Russia in World History

IF 0.3 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY KRITIKA-EXPLORATIONS IN RUSSIAN AND EURASIAN HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1353/kri.2023.a910988
Brigid O'Keeffe
{"title":"Hiding in Plain Sight: Russia in World History","authors":"Brigid O'Keeffe","doi":"10.1353/kri.2023.a910988","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Hiding in Plain SightRussia in World History Brigid O'Keeffe (bio) Eugene M. Avrutin, Racism in Modern Russia: From the Romanovs to Putin. 140 pp. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022. ISBN-13 978-1350097285. $17.95. Choi Chatterjee, Russia in World History: A Transnational Approach. 226 pp. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022. ISBN-13 978-1350026414. $29.95. V. I. Zhuravleva, Obshchee proshloe russkikh i amerikantsev: Kurs lektsii (The Common Past of Russians and Americans: A Lecture Course). 618 pp. Moscow: RGGU, 2021. ISBN-13 978-5728129790. How exceptional are imperial Russia and the Soviet Union when it comes to some of modern world history's defining phenomena, not least race and racism; empire, imperialism, and colonialism? Can the methodologies of transnational, transimperial, and comparative history help us to better appreciate the many and complex worlds that imperial Russian and Soviet histories inhabit and share with other polities? How and why might we—or, how and why must we—better integrate imperial Russian and Soviet history into world history? None of these questions are new in our field. Nor are the controversies that they have periodically inspired. Historians and anthropologists have long debated these very questions with a rightful sense of urgency. The stakes have never been small, and in our current moment the debates can feel weightier than ever. In the aftermath of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, some scholars are perhaps now arriving at these [End Page 921] concerns only belatedly, with contrition—and others, grudgingly, with hesitation and eyes lowered in wariness. Yet three fascinating books recently published by Choi Chatterjee, Eugene Avrutin, and Victoria Zhuravleva suggest that scholars of imperial Russian and Soviet history would do well to open their eyes more widely to what often has been hiding in plain sight. In particular, their books should prompt the field to pursue these questions about Russia's place in world history still more energetically and searchingly—in our writing and research, but also and especially in our teaching and public outreach. Each presents a plea not only for a better understanding of imperial Russia and the Soviet Union's place in world history but also for the historian's role in imagining possibilities for a more humane global future. Bridging Worlds Choi Chatterjee's new book seeks to show how the Russian and Soviet empires were not the outliers that many often assume them to have been. It is a stale yet persistent conceit in Slavic studies, she insists, that poses Russia as exceptional—exceptionally deficient, backward, illiberal, authoritarian, unique—and thereby both awkwardly situated outside the conventional paradigms of world history and ill suited for productive comparisons. Chatterjee demands a nuanced integration of Russia into world history. She hinges this demand to her book's fundamental comparison of the British, Russian, and Soviet empires. Methodologically, Chatterjee's comparative history of empires blends a distinctive mélange of transnational, intellectual, biographical, and autoethnographic approaches. Looking in unexpected places and amplifying neglected voices, she charts ideas, networks, people, patterns, and experiences that traveled across and beyond the British, Russian, and Soviet empires. Chatterjee's unapologetic aim is to push historians both within and without Slavic studies to bridge their own conceptual worlds and to broaden their frameworks. She demands that we expand both the very notion of world history and our consideration of whose voices matter in its retelling. The result is a book that is quite unlike either the standard historical monograph or the conventional essayistic tome written by an academic but intended for the often invoked but rarely reached \"general audience.\" Across the space of seven compact chapters, Chatterjee takes us on a tour of British colonial plantations and Soviet collective farms; of tropical island prisons and Siberian sites of exile; of people's democracies and British mandate territories. Readers visit the Comintern no less than the ivory [End Page 922] towers of Cambridge and Moscow. 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Abstract

Hiding in Plain SightRussia in World History Brigid O'Keeffe (bio) Eugene M. Avrutin, Racism in Modern Russia: From the Romanovs to Putin. 140 pp. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022. ISBN-13 978-1350097285. $17.95. Choi Chatterjee, Russia in World History: A Transnational Approach. 226 pp. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022. ISBN-13 978-1350026414. $29.95. V. I. Zhuravleva, Obshchee proshloe russkikh i amerikantsev: Kurs lektsii (The Common Past of Russians and Americans: A Lecture Course). 618 pp. Moscow: RGGU, 2021. ISBN-13 978-5728129790. How exceptional are imperial Russia and the Soviet Union when it comes to some of modern world history's defining phenomena, not least race and racism; empire, imperialism, and colonialism? Can the methodologies of transnational, transimperial, and comparative history help us to better appreciate the many and complex worlds that imperial Russian and Soviet histories inhabit and share with other polities? How and why might we—or, how and why must we—better integrate imperial Russian and Soviet history into world history? None of these questions are new in our field. Nor are the controversies that they have periodically inspired. Historians and anthropologists have long debated these very questions with a rightful sense of urgency. The stakes have never been small, and in our current moment the debates can feel weightier than ever. In the aftermath of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, some scholars are perhaps now arriving at these [End Page 921] concerns only belatedly, with contrition—and others, grudgingly, with hesitation and eyes lowered in wariness. Yet three fascinating books recently published by Choi Chatterjee, Eugene Avrutin, and Victoria Zhuravleva suggest that scholars of imperial Russian and Soviet history would do well to open their eyes more widely to what often has been hiding in plain sight. In particular, their books should prompt the field to pursue these questions about Russia's place in world history still more energetically and searchingly—in our writing and research, but also and especially in our teaching and public outreach. Each presents a plea not only for a better understanding of imperial Russia and the Soviet Union's place in world history but also for the historian's role in imagining possibilities for a more humane global future. Bridging Worlds Choi Chatterjee's new book seeks to show how the Russian and Soviet empires were not the outliers that many often assume them to have been. It is a stale yet persistent conceit in Slavic studies, she insists, that poses Russia as exceptional—exceptionally deficient, backward, illiberal, authoritarian, unique—and thereby both awkwardly situated outside the conventional paradigms of world history and ill suited for productive comparisons. Chatterjee demands a nuanced integration of Russia into world history. She hinges this demand to her book's fundamental comparison of the British, Russian, and Soviet empires. Methodologically, Chatterjee's comparative history of empires blends a distinctive mélange of transnational, intellectual, biographical, and autoethnographic approaches. Looking in unexpected places and amplifying neglected voices, she charts ideas, networks, people, patterns, and experiences that traveled across and beyond the British, Russian, and Soviet empires. Chatterjee's unapologetic aim is to push historians both within and without Slavic studies to bridge their own conceptual worlds and to broaden their frameworks. She demands that we expand both the very notion of world history and our consideration of whose voices matter in its retelling. The result is a book that is quite unlike either the standard historical monograph or the conventional essayistic tome written by an academic but intended for the often invoked but rarely reached "general audience." Across the space of seven compact chapters, Chatterjee takes us on a tour of British colonial plantations and Soviet collective farms; of tropical island prisons and Siberian sites of exile; of people's democracies and British mandate territories. Readers visit the Comintern no less than the ivory [End Page 922] towers of Cambridge and Moscow. Her panoramic portrait reveals how the Russian, Soviet, and British empires produced a world that has pulsed, variously and often simultaneously, with imperial nationalism, antinationalism, hopeful internationalism, anarchism, terrorism, anticolonial resistance, religious nationalism, (un)popular dissidence, universal humanism, imperial nostalgia, and (post)colonial...
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隐藏在显眼的地方:世界历史上的俄罗斯
《隐藏在世界历史中的俄罗斯》,布里吉德·奥基夫,尤金·m·阿夫鲁廷,《现代俄罗斯的种族主义:从罗曼诺夫王朝到普京王朝》,140页,纽约:布卢姆斯伯里学术出版社,2022年。ISBN-13 978 - 1350097285。17.95美元。崔·查特吉,《世界史中的俄罗斯:跨国视角》,226页,纽约:布鲁姆斯伯里学术出版社,2022年。ISBN-13 978 - 1350026414。29.95美元。V. i .朱拉夫列娃,《俄罗斯人和美国人的共同过去:讲座课程》。618页。莫斯科:RGGU, 2021。ISBN-13 978 - 5728129790。当谈到现代世界史上的一些决定性现象,尤其是种族和种族主义时,俄罗斯帝国和苏联是多么的与众不同;帝国主义、帝国主义和殖民主义?跨国历史、跨帝国历史和比较历史的方法论能帮助我们更好地理解俄罗斯帝国和苏联历史所处的复杂世界,并与其他政体共享这些世界吗?我们如何以及为什么可以——或者,我们如何以及为什么必须——更好地将俄罗斯帝国和苏联的历史融入世界历史?这些问题在我们的领域都不是新的。他们不时引发的争议也没有。历史学家和人类学家长期以来一直带着一种合理的紧迫感对这些问题进行辩论。利害关系从来都不小,在我们当前的时刻,辩论比以往任何时候都更加重要。在俄罗斯于2022年2月全面入侵乌克兰之后,一些学者现在可能只是姗姗来迟地悔悟了这些问题,而另一些学者则不情愿地犹豫着,低着警惕的目光。然而,由崔·查特吉、尤金·阿夫鲁丁和维多利亚·朱拉夫列娃最近出版的三本引人注目的书表明,研究俄罗斯帝国和苏联历史的学者们应该更广泛地睁开眼睛,看看那些经常隐藏在人们视线中的东西。特别是,他们的书应该促使这个领域更加积极地、更深入地探讨俄罗斯在世界历史上的地位问题——在我们的写作和研究中,尤其是在我们的教学和公共宣传中。每本书都提出了一个请求,不仅是为了更好地理解俄罗斯帝国和苏联在世界历史上的地位,也是为了历史学家在想象一个更人道的全球未来的可能性方面所扮演的角色。崔查特吉(Choi Chatterjee)的新书试图表明,俄罗斯和苏联帝国并不像许多人通常认为的那样是异类。她坚持认为,在斯拉夫研究中,这是一种陈腐而持久的自负,将俄罗斯塑造成一个例外——异常缺陷、落后、不自由、专制、独特——因此既尴尬地置身于世界历史的传统范式之外,也不适合进行富有成效的比较。查特吉要求将俄罗斯细致入微地融入世界历史。她将这一要求与她的书中对英国、俄罗斯和苏联帝国的基本比较联系在一起。在方法上,查特吉的帝国比较史混合了跨国的、知识分子的、传记的和自我民族志的独特方法。在意想不到的地方,放大被忽视的声音,她记录了跨越英国、俄罗斯和苏联帝国的思想、网络、人物、模式和经历。查特吉毫无歉意的目的是推动从事或不从事斯拉夫研究的历史学家架起他们自己的概念世界的桥梁,拓宽他们的框架。她要求我们既要扩大世界历史的概念,又要考虑谁的声音在复述世界史中起着重要作用。其结果是,这本书既不像标准的历史专著,也不像传统的由学者撰写的散文式大部头,而是针对经常被引用但很少达到的“普通读者”。在七个紧凑的章节中,查特吉带我们参观了英国殖民种植园和苏联集体农场;热带岛屿监狱和西伯利亚流放地;人民民主国家和英国托管领土读者参观共产国际不亚于参观剑桥和莫斯科的象牙塔。她的全景式肖像揭示了俄罗斯、苏联和大英帝国是如何创造出一个以不同方式、往往是同时迸发的世界,其中包括帝国民族主义、反民族主义、充满希望的国际主义、无政府主义、恐怖主义、反殖民主义抵抗、宗教民族主义、(非)大众异议、普遍人文主义、帝国怀旧和(后)殖民……
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: A leading journal of Russian and Eurasian history and culture, Kritika is dedicated to internationalizing the field and making it relevant to a broad interdisciplinary audience. The journal regularly publishes forums, discussions, and special issues; it regularly translates important works by Russian and European scholars into English; and it publishes in every issue in-depth, lengthy review articles, review essays, and reviews of Russian, Eurasian, and European works that are rarely, if ever, reviewed in North American Russian studies journals.
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