COMMENTARY – THE POST-GLOBALIZATION OF SOUTH ASIA

Q2 Social Sciences World Affairs Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI:10.1177/00438200231203233
William H. Thornton, Songok Han Thornton
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Abstract

Ironic as it may seem, one of the major victims of America's diplomatic retreat from Pakistan has been India. China has filled the void of U.S. disengagement, solidifying its grip on Pakistan and locking India in a two-front vise that it cannot cope with on its own. India has no choice but to reach out for alliances with liberal nations it shunned in its Non-Aligned days. This radical policy shift is capped, however, by the ideological constraints of Modi's BJPism. That is the main reason why India has refused to abort its military and economic ties with Russia. A similar anti-liberalism led Imran Khan, the ex-prime minister of Pakistan, to seek an anti-Western accord with Russia. Conversely, Pakistan's current leadership is trying hard to repair its U.S. relations. Following the lead of Secretary of State Antony Blinken, this extended commentary favors robust U.S. engagement with all of South Asia but qualifies that case by stressing that the wrong kind of engagement would end up serving the cause of Sino-authoritarianism. What is needed is moral realism, which avoids the ethical blight of both Kissingeresque realism and globalist irrealism. Pakistan is ripe for this post-globalist realism because it affords no clean and neat “right” choices yet is far too important to abandon. Such cases compel us to search for lesser evils: the best available bad choices we can locate.
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评论-南亚的后全球化
虽然看起来很讽刺,但美国从巴基斯坦外交撤退的主要受害者之一是印度。中国填补了美国脱离接触的空白,巩固了对巴基斯坦的控制,并将印度困在一个无法独自应对的双重困境中。印度别无选择,只能与它在不结盟时期回避的自由国家结盟。然而,这种激进的政策转变受到莫迪的人民党主义的意识形态限制。这就是印度拒绝终止与俄罗斯军事和经济关系的主要原因。类似的反自由主义导致巴基斯坦前总理伊姆兰汗(Imran Khan)寻求与俄罗斯达成反西方协议。相反,巴基斯坦现任领导层正在努力修复与美国的关系。在国务卿安东尼·布林肯(Antony Blinken)的领导下,这篇长篇评论支持美国与整个南亚地区的积极接触,但强调错误的接触最终会为中国的威权主义事业服务,从而限制了这种情况。我们需要的是道德现实主义,避免基辛格式的现实主义和全球主义的非现实主义的道德败坏。巴基斯坦对于这种后全球主义的现实主义来说已经成熟了,因为它没有提供干净利落的“正确”选择,但它太重要了,不能放弃。这种情况迫使我们寻找较小的罪恶:我们能找到的最好的、可用的、坏的选择。
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来源期刊
World Affairs
World Affairs Social Sciences-Social Sciences (all)
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
0.00%
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0
期刊介绍: World Affairs is a quarterly international affairs journal published by Heldref Publications. World Affairs, which, in one form or another, has been published since 1837, was re-launched in January 2008 as an entirely new publication. World Affairs is a small journal that argues the big ideas behind U.S. foreign policy. The journal celebrates and encourages heterodoxy and open debate. Recognizing that miscalculation and hubris are not beyond our capacity, we wish more than anything else to debate and clarify what America faces on the world stage and how it ought to respond. We hope you will join us in an occasionally unruly, seldom dull, and always edifying conversation. If ideas truly do have consequences, readers of World Affairs will be well prepared.
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