DYNAMICS OF STAKEHOLDER NETWORK IN TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MODELING CHARACTERISTICS AT TISTA AND PEJATEN TOURISM VILLAGES, TABANAN DISTRICT

Abstract

This study discusses the relations dynamics between stakeholders such as indigenous peoples, the private sector, and State, especially in the destinations management of tourist villages during Covid 19 pandemic. This pandemic has brought significant changes to the pattern and performance of tourism management in Bali. One of them is in the destination’s development of tourist villages in Bali. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought significant changes to the pattern and performance of tourism management in Bali. In the tourism management due to Covid 19 pandemic, all parties involved should be followed the regulation to prevent this separation such as the implementation of health protocols, tourism promotion activities that shift towards online, adjustment changing in user behavior in traveling. This research applies theoretical frame of Actor Network Theory (ANT). This theory provides a methodological tool in exploring the ideal forms of dynamics relations among the three stakeholders that are strongly influenced by the discourse that arises and takes place around them, including placing patterns of non-human actor relationships that also determine new behavior in relationships, especially in efforts to develop tourism villages. The data collection used is interviews, observations, and documentation by implementing locus studies at two villages namely Tista and Pejaten Villages moreover they have different focus on development such as natural development, religious tourism, and handicraft development. The results show that network modeling between stakeholders in Tista and Pejaten Tourism Villages more receiving instructional programs or in terms of political science, it is dominated by vertical or unidirectional power, namely local governments, in this case provincial governments that directly carry out guidance considering the importance of uniformity commands for tourism implementation in the new normal phase. They are based on being directed at the concept of community-based tourism, which is very effective in being used in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic as an effort to recover the community’s economy which is declining and reorganize the tourism implementation that does not pay attention to the local community. Through the application concept of community-based tourism, the implementation of tourism through tourism villages is expected to achieve tourism goals, especially increasing economic growth, improving people's welfare, eliminating poverty, and overcoming unemployment which is now widely occurring due to the COVID-19 pandemic.