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THE ANALYSIS OF ALBANIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE YEARS 阿尔巴尼亚历年经济发展的分析
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.2.55.65
Eleni Vangjeli, Tina Donefski
The economic situation of a country can be explained through a dynamism of a group of indicators and factors that affect the continuity trend flow of economic growth. Also, the historical aspect is one of the most meaningful factors defining a country’s development stage.Although the indication of the social and political conditions, unpredictable situations like the Covid-19 pandemic have negatively affected the economy’s growth trend. However, to evaluate theoverall economic situation is necessary to consider an evaluation basis that will lead to the tendency of the living standard. The study is undertaken for the Albanian case, a country in transition based on its economic development, from 1991 to 2021. The key assessment factorconsidered in this study is the GDP, as one of the most meaningful evaluators of the living standard. After analyzing the Albanian economy by considering the historical phases of the economic development of this country, there is a created model for identifying the potentialrelations between the Gross Domestic Product, Consumption Expenditures, Trade Balance, and Foreign Direct Investments for explaining the actual living standard and generating its forecast forupcoming years. At the end of the study are given the results and the recommendations.
一个国家的经济状况可以通过影响经济增长连续性趋势流的一组指标和因素的动态来解释。此外,历史因素是决定一个国家所处发展阶段的最有意义的因素之一。虽然社会政治状况有所好转,但新冠肺炎疫情等不可预测的情况对经济增长趋势产生了负面影响。然而,为了评估整体经济状况,有必要考虑一个将导致生活水平趋势的评估基础。这项研究是针对阿尔巴尼亚的情况进行的,阿尔巴尼亚是一个根据其经济发展情况从1991年到2021年处于转型期的国家。本文考虑的关键评价因素是GDP,它是生活水平最有意义的评价指标之一。在分析了阿尔巴尼亚经济之后,考虑到这个国家经济发展的历史阶段,有一个创建的模型,用于识别国内生产总值,消费支出,贸易平衡和外国直接投资之间的潜在关系,以解释实际生活水平并对未来几年进行预测。最后给出了研究结果和建议。
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引用次数: 0
PARETO OPTIMALITY: IS IT VALID AS A CRITERION FOR JUDGING SOCIAL EFFICIENCY IN AN ISLAMIC ECONOMY 帕累托最优:在伊斯兰经济中作为判断社会效率的标准是否有效
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.2.4.15
Nagah Abdul Alim Abdul Wahab Abul Fotouh
Optimization aims to reach the best, and in order for optimization to havemeaning, there must be a function of goals that are maximized, and there should be more than one solution available to choose the best among them. The most efficient situation according to Pareto optimization is the situation in which we cannot make a member of society better off without making a member or other members worse off in the country under consideration. The maxima we arrive at is just one of an infinite number of Pareto optimizations from which we cannot choose without assuming a scale of values to evaluate individual utilities because there is always a system for weighing these utilities that makes any point optimal. Thus Pareto optimization is a criterion that requires the existence of a function of value goals that is different in the Islamic economy from thatin the capitalist economy.Justice in the Islamic economy has a concept based on rights regulated by Islamic Sharia, and this makes difference in the content and scope of the optimization process, which makes justice an organic component of the concept of efficiency in the Islamic economy, and the criterion ofPareto optimization is a criterion that does not achieve justice by itself.Pareto optimization is a quantitative criterion that depends in its judgment on efficiency on the overall quantitative result and does not take into account qualitative aspects of great importance in relation to the concept of efficiency and its judgment in the Islamic economy.Reaching a situation in which it is not possible to improve the situation of some people without making others in a worse situation, which is what is known as Pareto optimization can serve as a criterion for judging efficiency in the Islamic economy if the rulings of the Sharia in theacquisition, use, and spending of funds are applied in the economy under consideration, taking into consideration there is a difference in the content and scope of the maximization process, which makes justice an organic component of the concept of efficiency in the Islamic economy, and the difference in the concept of justice itself, and if the concept of “improving the status of some” is determined within the framework of achieving sufficiency, and the concept of “worse situation” isdetermined by violating sufficiency. Based on the foregoing, we suggest that the Pareto criterion, by itself, is not sufficient to judge efficiency in the Islamic economy.
优化的目标是达到最佳,为了使优化具有意义,必须有一个目标函数被最大化,并且应该有多个可用的解决方案来从中选择最佳。根据帕累托优化,最有效的情况是这样一种情况,即我们不可能在不使社会中某一成员或其他成员境况变差的情况下,使社会中的某一成员境况变好。我们得到的最大值只是无数帕累托优化中的一个,我们无法在不假设一个值的范围内进行选择,以评估个人效用,因为总有一个系统可以衡量这些效用,使任何一点都是最优的。因此,帕累托优化是一个标准,它要求存在一个价值目标函数,这在伊斯兰经济中不同于资本主义经济。伊斯兰经济中的正义具有以伊斯兰教法规定的权利为基础的概念,这使得优化过程的内容和范围有所不同,这使得正义成为伊斯兰经济中效率概念的有机组成部分,而帕累托优化标准本身并不是实现正义的标准。帕累托优化是一个定量标准,它对效率的判断依赖于整体的定量结果,而没有考虑到与效率概念及其在伊斯兰经济中的判断相关的非常重要的定性方面。达成情况不可能改善这种情况的一些人而不让人在更糟糕的情况下,这就是被称为帕累托效率优化可以作为判据在伊斯兰经济如果在theacquisition伊斯兰教法的规定,使用,和支出的资金应用于经济考虑,考虑是有区别的内容和范围最大化过程中,这使得正义成为伊斯兰经济中效率概念的有机组成部分,以及正义概念本身的差异,以及“改善某些人的地位”的概念是否在实现充分性的框架内确定,而“更糟糕的情况”的概念是否在违反充分性的框架内确定。基于上述,我们认为帕累托标准本身不足以判断伊斯兰经济的效率。
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引用次数: 0
GOVERNMENT BUDGETS AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS AND THE CHALLENGES AHEAD 发展中国家的政府预算和减贫:对社会福利项目的作用和未来挑战的系统回顾
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.2.67.72
Adamu Ahmed Wudil, N. Saad, Jasmin Omercic, Lacheheb Zakaria, Rislanudeen Muhammad
This paper presents a systematic literature review of 25 studies publishedbetween 2010 and 2021 on the relationship between government budgets and poverty reduction in developing countries. The review identifies a positive relationship between government spending on social welfare programs and poverty reduction. Specifically, increased spending on education and healthcare has been found to have a significant impact on reducing poverty levels. The review also highlights the importance of targeting government spending to specific populations and regionswhere poverty levels are high, and the challenges and limitations of government spending in poverty reduction efforts, such as corruption and political instability. The paper concludes with important policy implications, such as the need for increased spending on social welfare programs, addressing corruption and mismanagement of government funds, and targeting spending to specific populations and regions where poverty levels are high. The review provides insights for policymakers and practitioners working in the field of poverty reduction, emphasizing theimportance of good governance, transparency, and accountability in ensuring that government budgets effectively contribute to poverty reduction.
本文对2010年至2021年间发表的关于发展中国家政府预算与减贫之间关系的25项研究进行了系统的文献综述。该报告指出,政府在社会福利项目上的支出与减贫之间存在正相关关系。具体而言,已发现增加教育和保健支出对降低贫困水平有重大影响。该评估还强调了将政府支出针对贫困程度高的特定人口和地区的重要性,以及政府在减贫工作中支出的挑战和局限性,例如腐败和政治不稳定。论文最后提出了重要的政策启示,例如需要增加社会福利项目支出,解决腐败和政府资金管理不善问题,以及将支出目标对准贫困程度高的特定人群和地区。该报告为在减贫领域工作的决策者和从业者提供了见解,强调了善治、透明度和问责制在确保政府预算有效促进减贫方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
CENTRAL BANK INTERVENTION FUND AND AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA: AN ARDL APPROACH 中央银行干预基金与尼日利亚农业产出:一种ardl方法
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.2.35.54
Yimka S. A. Alalade, T. Omosebi, Afolake M. Akinola, Olufemi C. Ademola
This paper examines the impact of central bank financial intervention funds on Nigeria's agricultural exports from 1990 to 2020 with the specific objective of determining the extent to which the funds are financed by the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Fund (ACGSF) in the agricultural sector concerned. Agricultural exports both short-term and long-term during theperiod were under review. The study uses annual time data obtained from the CBN and WDI database. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique and the ARDL Bound test were used to determine the short-term and long-term relationships of the variables. The results show thatACGSF shows a positive and significant relationship of agricultural export growth in the short run with coefficients of 0.23, 0.33 and 0.19, but a negative and insignificant relationship of agricultural export in the long run. The analysis also shows a positive and insignificance of employment in agriculture in relation to agricultural production in the short term, while negative and significant in the long term. The 68.3% of the change in the dependent variable, as revealed by the adjusted R2, is due to the combined effect of the independent variables. The study therefore seeks for greater and appropriate funding of the government scheme or monetary authority to have a positive impact on long-term agricultural exports in Nigeria and should ensure immediate repayment of loan(s) to the qualified farmer to avoid diversion, political influence and delay in poor implementation process due to bank deposits of money in the country.
本文考察了1990年至2020年中央银行金融干预基金对尼日利亚农业出口的影响,具体目标是确定农业信贷担保基金(ACGSF)在有关农业部门提供资金的程度。该期间的短期和长期农产品出口都在审查之中。该研究使用了从CBN和WDI数据库获得的年度时间数据。采用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)技术和ARDL Bound检验来确定变量的短期和长期关系。结果表明:农产品出口增长与农产品出口增长短期呈显著正相关关系(系数分别为0.23、0.33和0.19),与农产品出口增长呈显著负相关关系(系数分别为0.23、0.33和0.19);分析还表明,农业就业与农业生产的关系在短期内是积极的、不显著的,而在长期内是消极的、显著的。调整后的R2显示,因变量变化的68.3%是由于自变量的综合影响。因此,该研究寻求为政府计划或货币当局提供更多和适当的资金,以对尼日利亚的长期农业出口产生积极影响,并应确保立即向合格的农民偿还贷款,以避免由于该国的银行存款而转移、政治影响和执行过程不佳的延误。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF SUBJECTIVE NORMS, FINANCIAL LITERACY, TRUST, AND GOVERNMENT REGULATION ON BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TO INVEST IN CRYPTOCURRENCY 主观规范、金融素养、信任和政府监管对投资加密货币行为意愿的影响
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.2.16.34
Thomas Galang Prasetyo, Florentina Kurniasari
Despite the fact that cryptocurrency is regarded as a highrisk speculativecryptocurrencies, the growth in the number of cryptocurrency owners in Indonesia continues to grow every year. The low level of financial literacy and the trust factor in crypto investment are the reasons why the government is worried about the increasing number of crypto investors. The study will provide an explanation for the rise in cryptocurrency investment based on the following variables: subjective norms, financial literacy, trust, and governmental regulation. Gender is utilized as a moderating variable to analyze the difference in cryptocurrencies investment between men and women. This study used a quantitative methodology, the data were collected using a questionnaire survey of respondents who were at least 17 years old, and had invested in non-cryptocurrencies. Financial literacy and trust were discovered to have an impact on the forming of investment intentions in cryptocurrency. Women are known to have higher trust than men in investing in cryptocurrencies. This research is expected to provide input to the Indonesiangovernment in developing strategies to establish a safer environment for investors and to minimize the amount of risk associated with cryptocurrency investment.
尽管加密货币被视为高风险的投机性加密货币,但印度尼西亚的加密货币所有者数量每年都在持续增长。加密货币投资的金融知识水平低和信任因素是政府担心加密货币投资者数量增加的原因。该研究将基于以下变量为加密货币投资的增长提供解释:主观规范、金融知识、信任和政府监管。性别被用作调节变量来分析男性和女性在加密货币投资方面的差异。这项研究使用了定量方法,数据是通过对至少17岁且投资于非加密货币的受访者进行问卷调查收集的。研究发现,金融知识和信任对加密货币投资意向的形成有影响。众所周知,女性对投资加密货币的信任度高于男性。这项研究预计将为印尼政府制定战略提供投入,为投资者建立一个更安全的环境,并最大限度地减少与加密货币投资相关的风险。
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引用次数: 0
EUROPEAN JUSTICE RULES THAT SPANISH TAX REGULATION VIA “FORM 720” VIOLATES THE EUROPEAN FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL 欧洲司法裁定,西班牙通过“表格720”进行的税收监管违反了欧洲资本的自由流动
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.1.4.12
This study analyses the Judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) of 27 January 2022, case C-788/19, resolving the appeal presented by the European Commission against the Kingdom of Spain which considers that the regulations governing theobligation of residents in Spain to declare assets and rights located abroad via “Form 720”, and the general rules on penalties for non-compliance with that obligation, represent a restriction of the free movement of capital, and consequently violate European law. The European Court upholds theappeal and annuls the contested rulings. Based on this judgement, the study also analyses its effects on Spanish national law and on the taxpayers affected.
本研究分析了欧盟法院(CJEU) 2022年1月27日C-788/19案的判决,该判决解决了欧盟委员会对西班牙王国提出的上诉,该上诉认为,西班牙居民通过“表格720”申报海外资产和权利的义务的规定,以及对不遵守该义务的处罚的一般规则,代表了对资本自由流动的限制。因此违反了欧洲法律。欧洲法院支持上诉并撤销了有争议的裁决。基于这一判断,本研究还分析了其对西班牙国家法律和纳税人的影响。
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引用次数: 0
MARKETING DIRECTION OF MARKETPLACE SALES TO THE CONSUMERS OF THE DIGITAL AGE 市场营销方向是面向数字时代消费者的市场销售
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.1.45.51
Nedeljko Prdić, Sara Kostić
Contemporary market changes, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic, are directing sales on the markets to consumers of the digital age. The problem that the research wants to achieve is consumer preferences and needs analysis in order to understand sellers’ actions in products selling. Numerous researches results indicate that there is a potential of this market and that it has specialties in comparison to traditional consumers. The goal of this work paper is to give encouragement to market sellers for additional investments in marketing in order to achieve increased business results. Theoretical research results are based on professional literature usage, the author's experience, statistics data and tables, while the empirical research was carried out using a survey questionnaire. The empirical research results show that there is both sellers’ andconsumers’ interest in purchasing and implementing useful changes in marketing communications.From the research conducted, can be concluded and recommended that certain marketing orientation can influence the increase in the market products sale that will contribute to the specific customers’ interests satisfaction and consumption increase.
当代市场的变化,特别是在新冠肺炎大流行之后,正将市场上的销售导向数字时代的消费者。研究想要实现的问题是消费者的偏好和需求分析,以了解卖家在产品销售中的行为。大量的研究结果表明,这个市场有潜力,与传统消费者相比,它有自己的特点。本工作文件的目标是鼓励市场卖家在营销方面进行额外投资,以实现更高的业务成果。理论研究结果基于专业文献的使用、作者的经验、统计数据和表格,实证研究采用调查问卷的方式进行。实证研究结果表明,在营销传播中,卖家和消费者都有购买和实施有益变革的兴趣。从所进行的研究中,可以得出并建议,一定的营销导向可以影响市场产品销售的增加,从而有助于特定客户的利益满足和消费的增加。
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引用次数: 0
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEANMANAGEMENT MODEL 经济绩效与精益管理模式的实施
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.1.13.23
F. Romana, C. G. Gestoso
Objective: Understand how the increased competitiveness encourages industries to seek solutions in order to maintain or increase their market share, promoting the manufacturing of quality products at reduce costs.Methodology: In this study, an in-company analysis regarding the Lean performance evaluation methods present in the literature as well as already implemented in the industry was performed, focusing on the gaps of present models and needs for future.Findings: New philosophies arise such as the Lean Manufacturing which is based on continuous improvement, aiming at optimizing the production system, eliminating waste and using fewer resources.Value Added: Based on the results, and with the objective of allowing comprehensive assessment of Lean performance, independently by the companies and the determination of improvement actions, a Lean performance evaluation method was developed in order to understandthe impact in financial and economic figures of the case study.Recommendations: Take in account the main concepts of the social sciences, such as Organizational Culture, Leadership Style and Strategic Approach, considering the link with the financial economic performance.
目的:了解竞争力的提高如何鼓励行业寻求解决方案,以保持或增加其市场份额,促进以更低的成本制造优质产品。方法:在本研究中,对文献中存在的精益绩效评估方法以及已经在行业中实施的精益绩效评估方法进行了公司内部分析,重点关注当前模型的差距和未来的需求。发现:出现了新的理念,如基于持续改进的精益生产,旨在优化生产系统,消除浪费和使用更少的资源。附加价值:基于结果,并以允许精益绩效的全面评估为目标,由公司独立地确定改进措施,开发了精益绩效评估方法,以了解案例研究对财务和经济数据的影响。建议:考虑到社会科学的主要概念,如组织文化,领导风格和战略方法,考虑与财务经济绩效的联系。
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引用次数: 0
CORPORATE STRATEGY FOR MANAGING EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES OF THE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 企业战略是对企业发展演化过程的管理
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.1.52.66
A. A. Nasution, Liudmyla Nechyporuk, Zoia Hryhorova, Yevheniia Karpenko
The method for analyzing phase portraits of bifurcation diagrams of enterprise life cycle scenario models using IT pattern recognition has been proposed, which allowed to numerically determine the geometric parameters of the spatial forms that form the surfaces of phase portraits, and their size, corresponding to the loci of stability and interaction of fourpopulations in a network of trophic relations. To analyze the results of the recognition of phase portraits of ELC bifurcation diagrams, singular points of perturbation, attenuation, cycles, equilibrium, their stability, the input examples of the state of bifurcation have been classified into five separate clusters in accordance with the ELC development scenarios. An IT support algorithm for the corporate strategy for managing the evolutionary processes of enterprise development has been developed. It covers the following stages: analysis and evaluation of the internal and external environment of the enterprise population and trophic relations; identification of possible motives for changing trophic relations and causes of synergy; studies of the nonlinear dynamics of ELC model scenarios; analysis of many strategic alternatives; selection of a strategy and preparation of a strategic plan; monitoring the results of achieving a synergistic effect, which will allow choosing strategies depending on the ELC stages and ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise.
提出了一种利用IT模式识别分析企业生命周期情景模型分岔图阶段画像的方法,该方法可以数值确定形成阶段画像表面的空间形式的几何参数及其大小,对应于营养关系网络中四个种群的稳定性和相互作用位点。为了分析ELC分岔图的相位图、摄动奇点、衰减奇点、循环奇点、平衡奇点及其稳定性的识别结果,根据ELC发展情景将分岔状态的输入样例划分为5个独立的簇。提出了一种用于管理企业发展演化过程的企业战略IT支持算法。它包括以下几个阶段:对企业人口和营养关系的内外部环境进行分析和评价;确定改变营养关系的可能动机和协同作用的原因;ELC模型情景的非线性动力学研究;多种战略选择分析;战略的选择和战略计划的准备;监测实现协同效应的结果,这将允许根据ELC阶段选择战略,并确保企业的竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF INSTAGRAM SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND TECHNOLOGY READINESS TO INCREASE PURCHASE INTENTION THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA BRAND ENGAGEMENT MEDIATION ON X INSTANT MORTAR BRAND instagram社交媒体营销和技术准备通过社交媒体品牌参与中介对x即时砂浆品牌增加购买意愿的影响
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.51586/2754-6209.2023.11.1.35.44
Seruni Lestari, Florentina Kurniasari, Yosef Budi Susanto
The Covid-19 has disrupted several businesses marketing strategies. This also has an effect on the building materials industry, they have to adapting its marketing to the B2C market via social media. Social Media Marketing can increase a customer's interest in making purchase,according to the findings of prior study and theory; yet, the company's data reveals various outcomes. There was a strong response to the social media marketing campaign, however the number of sales was not related to the number of sales the company made. Consequently, this studywill assess the impact of Social Media Marketing on Purchase Intention as mediated by Social Media Brand Engagement, and considering the Technology Readiness. 150 Instagram followers of Mortar Instant X were surveyed using a quantitative way to acquire data for this study. According to the findings, Social Media Marketing has a positive direct and indirect influence (mediated by Social Media Brand Engagement) on Purchase Intention. Meanwhile, Technology Readiness has apositive direct and indirect effect (mediated by Social Media Brand Engagement) on Purchase Intention. It is anticipated that Instant Mortar X and the construction materials industry would use the findings of this study to develop and implement social media marketing strategies.
新冠疫情打乱了一些企业的营销策略。这也对建材行业产生了影响,他们必须通过社交媒体来适应B2C市场。根据先前的研究和理论发现,社交媒体营销可以提高客户的购买兴趣;然而,该公司的数据揭示了各种结果。社交媒体营销活动反响强烈,但销售数量与公司的销售数量无关。因此,本研究将评估以社交媒体品牌参与为中介的社交媒体营销对购买意愿的影响,并考虑到技术准备程度。使用定量方法调查了150名Mortar Instant X的Instagram粉丝,以获取本研究的数据。研究发现,社交媒体营销对购买意愿有正向的直接和间接影响(以社交媒体品牌参与为中介)。同时,技术准备度对购买意愿有正向的直接和间接影响(以社交媒体品牌参与为中介)。预计即时砂浆X和建筑材料行业将利用本研究的结果来制定和实施社会媒体营销策略。
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引用次数: 0
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Review of Economics and Finance
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