EVALUATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY PARAMETERS OF PROMISING POTATO HYBRIDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to identify and select high-yielding, resistant to a complex of fungal and bacterial phytopathogens, promising potato hybrids adapted to abiotic stresses and conditions of the Far North. The work was carried out in the conditions of the Republic of Komi in 2018–2020 on five hybrids: 1992-14 (Udacha×Elmundo), 2000-60 (Kolette×FZ 1867), 2118-57 (2688-8×Gala), 2139-5 (Kurazh×Avrora), 2142-1 (Dina×Kholmogorskiy). The released varieties of two ripeness groups Udacha - early ripening, Nevskiy - medium early served as standards. The soil of the experimental plots is soddy-podzolic, medium loamy in terms of granulometric composition, with an average content of humus. The studies were carried out in breeding nurseries of the competitive test of the 1st-3rd years (hybrids of the sixth, seventh and eighth tuber generations), planting scheme 70×30 cm. The calculation and analysis of the parameters of ecological plasticity and adaptability made it possible to identify three hybrids that received first places most of the indicators under consideration (average yield, genetic flexibility, breeding value, indicator of the level of stability of the variety itself and in comparison with the standards, stress resistance, etc.). Hybrids 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5 according to the results of ranking received 35...39 points, outstripping the standard varieties by 24...33 points. The selected hybrids have a fairly good resistance to phytopathogens on tops and tubers: to common scab and late blight - 7...9 points, to rhizoctoniosis - 9 points. For further breeding work in the conditions of Komi Republic, according to the sum of ranks and the assessment of field resistance to phytopathogens, hybrids 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5 were selected with an average yield of 23.6 ... 31.2 t/ha.