Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-23-27
Lyudmila Khromova, A. Shabatukov, Aminat Malkandueva
Research was carried out to study the possibility of reducing the harmfulness of pyrenophorosis, increasing the yield and quality of winter wheat grain using growth regulators and fungicides. The work was carried out in 2020-2022 in conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Two experiments were carried out using growth regulators (without treatment; Albit, TPS; Bigus, VR; Tsircon, R; Epin-Extra, R; Ribav-Extra, R), as well as chemical (Spirit, SK) and biological fungicides (Fitolavin, VRK Baksis, Zh Kasumin 2L, VR Vitaplan, SP) in combination with the growth regulator (Gumi, R). As a result of the studies, the following indicators were studied: biological productivity, weight of 1000 grains, gluten content, susceptibility to yellow spot - Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler, biological effectiveness of drugs. When using Epin-Extra, P, the weight of 1000 grains in the Yuzhanka variety was 40.7 g, when applying Bigus, BP on Pamyati Shatilov’s wheat - 42.4 g, Albit, TPS on the Taulan variety - 42.1 g with an average value of the indicator in the variant without drugs for all studied varieties was 37.8 g, with drugs – 40.4 g. On the Pamyati Shatilov variety, the growth regulator Albit, TPS, stood out, with the use of which the productivity was 6.0 t/ha, the increase over the control was 0.6 t/ha. The biological effectiveness of the chemical fungicide Spirit, SK on the Yuzhanka variety was 84.8%, and on the Pamyati Shatilova variety 89.1%. For the biofungicides Kasumin 2 L, VR and Fitolavin, VRK against pyrenophorosis, it was equal to 9.6% and 18.4%, respectively, which is much lower than for the chemical fungicide.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES MIXED WITH GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF NEW VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT","authors":"Lyudmila Khromova, A. Shabatukov, Aminat Malkandueva","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-23-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-23-27","url":null,"abstract":"Research was carried out to study the possibility of reducing the harmfulness of pyrenophorosis, increasing the yield and quality of winter wheat grain using growth regulators and fungicides. The work was carried out in 2020-2022 in conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Two experiments were carried out using growth regulators (without treatment; Albit, TPS; Bigus, VR; Tsircon, R; Epin-Extra, R; Ribav-Extra, R), as well as chemical (Spirit, SK) and biological fungicides (Fitolavin, VRK Baksis, Zh Kasumin 2L, VR Vitaplan, SP) in combination with the growth regulator (Gumi, R). As a result of the studies, the following indicators were studied: biological productivity, weight of 1000 grains, gluten content, susceptibility to yellow spot - Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler, biological effectiveness of drugs. When using Epin-Extra, P, the weight of 1000 grains in the Yuzhanka variety was 40.7 g, when applying Bigus, BP on Pamyati Shatilov’s wheat - 42.4 g, Albit, TPS on the Taulan variety - 42.1 g with an average value of the indicator in the variant without drugs for all studied varieties was 37.8 g, with drugs – 40.4 g. On the Pamyati Shatilov variety, the growth regulator Albit, TPS, stood out, with the use of which the productivity was 6.0 t/ha, the increase over the control was 0.6 t/ha. The biological effectiveness of the chemical fungicide Spirit, SK on the Yuzhanka variety was 84.8%, and on the Pamyati Shatilova variety 89.1%. For the biofungicides Kasumin 2 L, VR and Fitolavin, VRK against pyrenophorosis, it was equal to 9.6% and 18.4%, respectively, which is much lower than for the chemical fungicide.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-77-85
Midkhat Tukhvatullin
Research was carried out to determine the optimal modes for the simultaneous processing of lumber and polycaproamide threads in a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation. The work was carried out on an installation with a hybrid-type chamber with adjustment of the microwave power level of the magnetrons and the duration of exposure. Two possible designs of a hybrid installation for processing lumber and polycaproamide threads are presented, differing in that in one the lumber was processed inside the chamber, and the polycaproamide threads were pulled through waveguides using bobbins and an electric motor installed outside the chamber, and in the second, both materials were processed inside the installation chamber. The object of research is lumber and polycaproamide threads. Lumber was loaded into the working chamber in the form of a stack, which rotated along its axis, and a structure was examined in which polycaproamide threads were pulled through a waveguide extending from a source of microwave energy outside the chamber. The time of exposure to microwave radiation on lumber and half-caproamide threads was measured using electronic stopwatches; temperature and humidity were measured using a Testo 905T2 thermometer, a Testo 830T1 pyrometer, and a Testo 606-1 digital hygrometer. The use of a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation reduced the processing time of lumber due to rotation in the microwave field to 15 hours, while ensuring the required quality of the dried material (final moisture content - 7.1%, reduction in chipping and impact bending strength within 5%). The relative breaking elongation of polycaproamide threads increased by 48.2%, and the breaking load – by 27.6%. Thanks to the simultaneous processing of lumber and polycaproamide threads, it is possible to reduce metal consumption and increase the energy efficiency of the installation.
{"title":"MICROWAVE ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGICAL INSTALLATION FOR MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF TIMBER AND POLYCAPROMIDE THREADS","authors":"Midkhat Tukhvatullin","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-77-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-77-85","url":null,"abstract":"Research was carried out to determine the optimal modes for the simultaneous processing of lumber and polycaproamide threads in a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation. The work was carried out on an installation with a hybrid-type chamber with adjustment of the microwave power level of the magnetrons and the duration of exposure. Two possible designs of a hybrid installation for processing lumber and polycaproamide threads are presented, differing in that in one the lumber was processed inside the chamber, and the polycaproamide threads were pulled through waveguides using bobbins and an electric motor installed outside the chamber, and in the second, both materials were processed inside the installation chamber. The object of research is lumber and polycaproamide threads. Lumber was loaded into the working chamber in the form of a stack, which rotated along its axis, and a structure was examined in which polycaproamide threads were pulled through a waveguide extending from a source of microwave energy outside the chamber. The time of exposure to microwave radiation on lumber and half-caproamide threads was measured using electronic stopwatches; temperature and humidity were measured using a Testo 905T2 thermometer, a Testo 830T1 pyrometer, and a Testo 606-1 digital hygrometer. The use of a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation reduced the processing time of lumber due to rotation in the microwave field to 15 hours, while ensuring the required quality of the dried material (final moisture content - 7.1%, reduction in chipping and impact bending strength within 5%). The relative breaking elongation of polycaproamide threads increased by 48.2%, and the breaking load – by 27.6%. Thanks to the simultaneous processing of lumber and polycaproamide threads, it is possible to reduce metal consumption and increase the energy efficiency of the installation.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-117-123
F. Mukhametgaliev, A. Valiev, L. Sitdikova, F. Avhadiev, V. Mikhaylova
The strategic task until 2030 for the agro-economic systems of the country and its regions is to increase the average annual growth rate of volumetric indicators of agricultural production to 3%, which is twice as high as the achieved value. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to develop and implement effective mechanisms to smooth out the abrupt growth of production volumes and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural sectors. The development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan shows positive trends in the growth of volumetric indicators of production over the past five years. The volume of gross agricultural output in the region increased with an annual growth rate of 21.62 billion rubles. At the same time, the volume of production growth in the crop and livestock sectors amounted to 11.11 and 10.49 billion rubles, respectively, which demonstrates the uniform development of the two main industries. The growth in volumetric indicators of product production is mainly due to the intensification of production processes, the introduction and development of innovative technologies. Along with this, abnormal weather conditions have a negative impact on the process of sustainable development of agriculture, as evidenced by the results of 2021, when the total production volume was only 80.1% of the previous year’s level, and crop production decreased by 38.7%. The identified trend once again emphasizes the need to search for adaptive methods of farming in accordance with climate change by moving at a more intensive pace to the creation of drought-resistant varieties, the development of moisture-saving technologies and the active implementation of reclamation measures. Livestock farming is developing at a more sustainable pace, although there is a decline in the numbers of certain animal species. However, this process does not affect production volumes due to increased animal productivity. The industry is in the process of gradually replacing low-productive animals with highly productive breeding stock. To transition to sustainable development of agriculture in the republic, it is necessary to continue work on adapting technological processes to climate change, creating and introducing new varieties, developing genetic technologies for animal breeding, using digitalization and robotization of the industry.
{"title":"MAIN TRENDS OF REGIONAL AGRICULTURE GROWTH: FROM VOLUME TO SUSTAINABILITY","authors":"F. Mukhametgaliev, A. Valiev, L. Sitdikova, F. Avhadiev, V. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-117-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-117-123","url":null,"abstract":"The strategic task until 2030 for the agro-economic systems of the country and its regions is to increase the average annual growth rate of volumetric indicators of agricultural production to 3%, which is twice as high as the achieved value. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to develop and implement effective mechanisms to smooth out the abrupt growth of production volumes and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural sectors. The development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan shows positive trends in the growth of volumetric indicators of production over the past five years. The volume of gross agricultural output in the region increased with an annual growth rate of 21.62 billion rubles. At the same time, the volume of production growth in the crop and livestock sectors amounted to 11.11 and 10.49 billion rubles, respectively, which demonstrates the uniform development of the two main industries. The growth in volumetric indicators of product production is mainly due to the intensification of production processes, the introduction and development of innovative technologies. Along with this, abnormal weather conditions have a negative impact on the process of sustainable development of agriculture, as evidenced by the results of 2021, when the total production volume was only 80.1% of the previous year’s level, and crop production decreased by 38.7%. The identified trend once again emphasizes the need to search for adaptive methods of farming in accordance with climate change by moving at a more intensive pace to the creation of drought-resistant varieties, the development of moisture-saving technologies and the active implementation of reclamation measures. Livestock farming is developing at a more sustainable pace, although there is a decline in the numbers of certain animal species. However, this process does not affect production volumes due to increased animal productivity. The industry is in the process of gradually replacing low-productive animals with highly productive breeding stock. To transition to sustainable development of agriculture in the republic, it is necessary to continue work on adapting technological processes to climate change, creating and introducing new varieties, developing genetic technologies for animal breeding, using digitalization and robotization of the industry.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-68-76
D. Prosvirnikov, Denis Tuncev, L.I. Gizatullina, I. Gayfullin
Studies have been conducted to determine the possibility of using agricultural waste, in particular straw, for the production of biohydrogen. In our work, we used two types of straw hydrolysates (after acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis), pre-activated by steam blasting at steam temperatures of 100, 165, 210 0C. The hydrolysates were diluted with distilled water to a concentration of reducing agents (RR) equal to 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% of their mass in order to determine the rational concentration. Two cultures of anaerobic microorganisms were tested on 18 samples of hydrolysates: a strain of bacteria of the genus Clostridium Butyricum E.VI .3.2.1 (no. VKPM B-9619), a strain of bacteria of the genus Enterobacter cloacae (no. VKPM B-1980). The fermentation temperature for all samples was set at 37 ± 0.5 0C, pH 5.5 ± 0.1. The released gas accumulated in the gas tank; its samples were taken every 12 hours and analyzed for the volume content of hydrogen. After establishing the rational initial concentration of the substrate, the temperature of steam explosive activation of straw, the type of hydrolysate and the maximum yield of biohydrogen, the cultivation temperature and pH for each culture were further changed in order to determine the rational parameters: for Clostridium Butyricum, the cultivation temperature was set to 32 ±0.5, 37 ±0.5 and 42±0.5 0C for Enterobacter cloacae – 36±0.5, 37±0.5, 38±0.5 0C; the pH for all samples was set in the range of 5...6 in increments of 0.5 ± 0.1). On acidic straw hydrolysates, Clostridium Butyricum demonstrated the best productivity (steam explosion temperature 165 0C) - hydrogen yield was 73 ml/g, on hydrolysates fermented by Enterobacter cloacae (steam explosion temperature 210 0C), hydrogen yield was 50 ml/g. Both cultures are capable of producing the maximum amount of hydrogen at a concentration of reducing substances of 2%. The rational fermentation temperature for Clostridium Butyricum is 37 ± 0.5 0C, for Enterobacter cloacae – 36 ± 0.50 C, for both cultures – pH = 6.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL REGIME PARAMETERS FOR BIOHYDROGEN FERMENTATION USING CLOSTRIDIUM BUTYRICUM AND ENTEROBACTER CLOCAE ON HYDROLYZATES OF STRAW ACTIVATED BY STEAM EXPLOSIVE TREATMENT","authors":"D. Prosvirnikov, Denis Tuncev, L.I. Gizatullina, I. Gayfullin","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-68-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-68-76","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have been conducted to determine the possibility of using agricultural waste, in particular straw, for the production of biohydrogen. In our work, we used two types of straw hydrolysates (after acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis), pre-activated by steam blasting at steam temperatures of 100, 165, 210 0C. The hydrolysates were diluted with distilled water to a concentration of reducing agents (RR) equal to 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% of their mass in order to determine the rational concentration. Two cultures of anaerobic microorganisms were tested on 18 samples of hydrolysates: a strain of bacteria of the genus Clostridium Butyricum E.VI .3.2.1 (no. VKPM B-9619), a strain of bacteria of the genus Enterobacter cloacae (no. VKPM B-1980). The fermentation temperature for all samples was set at 37 ± 0.5 0C, pH 5.5 ± 0.1. The released gas accumulated in the gas tank; its samples were taken every 12 hours and analyzed for the volume content of hydrogen. After establishing the rational initial concentration of the substrate, the temperature of steam explosive activation of straw, the type of hydrolysate and the maximum yield of biohydrogen, the cultivation temperature and pH for each culture were further changed in order to determine the rational parameters: for Clostridium Butyricum, the cultivation temperature was set to 32 ±0.5, 37 ±0.5 and 42±0.5 0C for Enterobacter cloacae – 36±0.5, 37±0.5, 38±0.5 0C; the pH for all samples was set in the range of 5...6 in increments of 0.5 ± 0.1). On acidic straw hydrolysates, Clostridium Butyricum demonstrated the best productivity (steam explosion temperature 165 0C) - hydrogen yield was 73 ml/g, on hydrolysates fermented by Enterobacter cloacae (steam explosion temperature 210 0C), hydrogen yield was 50 ml/g. Both cultures are capable of producing the maximum amount of hydrogen at a concentration of reducing substances of 2%. The rational fermentation temperature for Clostridium Butyricum is 37 ± 0.5 0C, for Enterobacter cloacae – 36 ± 0.50 C, for both cultures – pH = 6.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-12-17
M. Mikhaylova, Rogat V. Minikaev, M. Amirov, R. Nizamov, G. Minnullin
Research was carried out with the aim of developing techniques to promote better ear formation in plants and improve the quality of corn grain for the production of valuable feed. The two-factor experience was laid in 2019-2021 on gray forest soils of Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The experimental plot was characterized by the following indicators: gray forest soil, heavy loamy, humus content (according to Tyurin) is low (3.8%), mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) are respectively very high (288 mg/kg of soil) and increased (153 mg/kg of soil). kg of soil), pH 6.5. The research was carried out in a two-factor field experiment, the scheme of which included the following options: background nutrition (factor A) - without fertilizers (control), NK for a yield of 50 t/ha of green mass of corn, NK for 50 t/ha + foliar feeding with liquid microfertilizer Batr Zn , inlay GSN-2004 + foliar fertilizer Batr Zn%, corn hybrid (factor B) - early maturing three-line hybrids of universal use Nur (FAO 150) and Bilyar-160 (FAO 160), as well as mid-early double interline hybrid Voronezhsky-279 (FAO 290). The inclusion of foliar feeding with organomineral microfertilizer Batr Zn at a rate of 1 l/ha in the 8-leaf phase against backgrounds with the use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on the development of the generative organs of corn (cob weight increases by 0.5...5.8 g, weight of 1000 grains - by 5...7%, compared to the NK option at 50 t/ha). At the same time, the yield of green mass increases by 6...8%. The grain harvest reaches 59.37 (hybrid Bilyar-160); 59.8 (hybrid Nur) and 67.25 c/ha (hybrid Voronezh-279). Foliar feeding of Batr Zn on a fertilized background helps to improve the quality indicators of corn feed. The content of sugars increases, relative to the control variant without fertilizers, by 2%, crude protein - by 0.2% and crude fiber - by 3...4%.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FOLER FEEDINGS ON THE FORMATION OF GENERATIVE ORGANS IN CORN","authors":"M. Mikhaylova, Rogat V. Minikaev, M. Amirov, R. Nizamov, G. Minnullin","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-12-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-12-17","url":null,"abstract":"Research was carried out with the aim of developing techniques to promote better ear formation in plants and improve the quality of corn grain for the production of valuable feed. The two-factor experience was laid in 2019-2021 on gray forest soils of Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The experimental plot was characterized by the following indicators: gray forest soil, heavy loamy, humus content (according to Tyurin) is low (3.8%), mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) are respectively very high (288 mg/kg of soil) and increased (153 mg/kg of soil). kg of soil), pH 6.5. The research was carried out in a two-factor field experiment, the scheme of which included the following options: background nutrition (factor A) - without fertilizers (control), NK for a yield of 50 t/ha of green mass of corn, NK for 50 t/ha + foliar feeding with liquid microfertilizer Batr Zn , inlay GSN-2004 + foliar fertilizer Batr Zn%, corn hybrid (factor B) - early maturing three-line hybrids of universal use Nur (FAO 150) and Bilyar-160 (FAO 160), as well as mid-early double interline hybrid Voronezhsky-279 (FAO 290). The inclusion of foliar feeding with organomineral microfertilizer Batr Zn at a rate of 1 l/ha in the 8-leaf phase against backgrounds with the use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on the development of the generative organs of corn (cob weight increases by 0.5...5.8 g, weight of 1000 grains - by 5...7%, compared to the NK option at 50 t/ha). At the same time, the yield of green mass increases by 6...8%. The grain harvest reaches 59.37 (hybrid Bilyar-160); 59.8 (hybrid Nur) and 67.25 c/ha (hybrid Voronezh-279). Foliar feeding of Batr Zn on a fertilized background helps to improve the quality indicators of corn feed. The content of sugars increases, relative to the control variant without fertilizers, by 2%, crude protein - by 0.2% and crude fiber - by 3...4%.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 72","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-94-100
A. Dyatlova, G. Klychova, Marina Svirina
. In the context of a sharp decline in the country’s budget revenues and an increase in its expenses, it is very important to organize the effective use of available resources, including financial ones. Therefore, it is very important to organize a system for regulating the use of budget funds through the system of organizing public procurement. Many enterprises consider this sector of activity economically profitable for themselves, since public procurement is associated with the provision of quality services in the healthcare sector, the agricultural sector and the social sphere, is a motivator of innovative development, a lever to combat environmental pollution, and also provides a factor in sustainable development. Starting in 2020, government procurement was transferred to electronic format. In a study conducted by the Institute of State and Municipal Management of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, which was published on December 20, 2021, an anonymous survey revealed that most representatives of business structures participating in public procurement encounter corruption during the competitive procedures. Based on the results of the analysis, it was revealed that open competition in electronic form and procurement from a single supplier (performer, contractor) are the most susceptible to corruption. And the best from the point of view of anti-corruption is an electronic auction, since it takes place in real time, which creates public control over the auction. As a result of the research, directions for openness and accessibility of information on public procurement for all interested parties, automation of the process of selecting a winner in a limited time without the influence of the customer with the participation of artificial intelligence were proposed. This will help increase the level of economic security of Russia in the field of public procurement.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY TECHNOLOGIES AS A DIRECTION FOR INCREASING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIA IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENTS","authors":"A. Dyatlova, G. Klychova, Marina Svirina","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-94-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-94-100","url":null,"abstract":". In the context of a sharp decline in the country’s budget revenues and an increase in its expenses, it is very important to organize the effective use of available resources, including financial ones. Therefore, it is very important to organize a system for regulating the use of budget funds through the system of organizing public procurement. Many enterprises consider this sector of activity economically profitable for themselves, since public procurement is associated with the provision of quality services in the healthcare sector, the agricultural sector and the social sphere, is a motivator of innovative development, a lever to combat environmental pollution, and also provides a factor in sustainable development. Starting in 2020, government procurement was transferred to electronic format. In a study conducted by the Institute of State and Municipal Management of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, which was published on December 20, 2021, an anonymous survey revealed that most representatives of business structures participating in public procurement encounter corruption during the competitive procedures. Based on the results of the analysis, it was revealed that open competition in electronic form and procurement from a single supplier (performer, contractor) are the most susceptible to corruption. And the best from the point of view of anti-corruption is an electronic auction, since it takes place in real time, which creates public control over the auction. As a result of the research, directions for openness and accessibility of information on public procurement for all interested parties, automation of the process of selecting a winner in a limited time without the influence of the customer with the participation of artificial intelligence were proposed. This will help increase the level of economic security of Russia in the field of public procurement.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-132-138
Galina Haustova, Lyudmila Zaporozhceva, Mariya Chirkova, Irina Shamrina
When assessing the financial condition of organizations in general and their financial stability, in particular, a variety of individual indicators is used, which complicates the analysis process and makes it difficult to develop reliable recommendations for the rational use of financial resources. In the presented study, to eliminate these shortcomings, we recommend conducting an integral assessment of the financial stability of organizations, which will be based on the parameters obtained as a result of the analysis of the main components of the financial condition of a business entity. The study substantiates a system of indicators (coefficients of autonomy, provision of inventories with own funds, provision with own funds, ratio of borrowed and own funds, absolute liquidity, mobility of property, financial stability), used for an integral assessment of the financial stability of organizations. Determining the significance of these indicators was carried out using the method of correlation and regression analysis, carried out on the basis of data from a homogeneous set of related production enterprises in the Voronezh region. The integral indicator of financial stability was tested, rather wide limits for the integral indicator were identified and it was determined that the largest number of enterprises under study (57.9%) belong to the middle group in terms of financial stability. The proposed algorithm for calculating the integral indicator of financial stability will not only make it possible to timely and objectively assess the financial stability of an economic entity, identify emerging threats of a drop in efficiency and a slowdown in the pace of economic development, but will also provide greater objectivity in assessing the financial and economic activities of organizations and can be used in the basis for developing strategic plans for the development of the enterprise and optimizing the structure of financial resources.
{"title":"IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"Galina Haustova, Lyudmila Zaporozhceva, Mariya Chirkova, Irina Shamrina","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-132-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-132-138","url":null,"abstract":"When assessing the financial condition of organizations in general and their financial stability, in particular, a variety of individual indicators is used, which complicates the analysis process and makes it difficult to develop reliable recommendations for the rational use of financial resources. In the presented study, to eliminate these shortcomings, we recommend conducting an integral assessment of the financial stability of organizations, which will be based on the parameters obtained as a result of the analysis of the main components of the financial condition of a business entity. The study substantiates a system of indicators (coefficients of autonomy, provision of inventories with own funds, provision with own funds, ratio of borrowed and own funds, absolute liquidity, mobility of property, financial stability), used for an integral assessment of the financial stability of organizations. Determining the significance of these indicators was carried out using the method of correlation and regression analysis, carried out on the basis of data from a homogeneous set of related production enterprises in the Voronezh region. The integral indicator of financial stability was tested, rather wide limits for the integral indicator were identified and it was determined that the largest number of enterprises under study (57.9%) belong to the middle group in terms of financial stability. The proposed algorithm for calculating the integral indicator of financial stability will not only make it possible to timely and objectively assess the financial stability of an economic entity, identify emerging threats of a drop in efficiency and a slowdown in the pace of economic development, but will also provide greater objectivity in assessing the financial and economic activities of organizations and can be used in the basis for developing strategic plans for the development of the enterprise and optimizing the structure of financial resources.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-42-47
Andrey Glushchenko, Il'mas Salahutdinov, A. Subaeva, Marat Kalimullin, R. Latypov
The development of the Russian agro-industrial complex provides for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of energy machines while simultaneously reducing energy and labor costs. A promising direction for saving diesel fuel and improving the environmental performance of mobile agricultural machinery is the use of alternative motor fuel. In modern agricultural machines, this will be reflected, first of all, in the parameters of the working process and its flow in the engine, as well as in the indicators of power, fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of its operation, which, to one degree or another, will lead to changes in the indicators characterizing the operational properties of a machine-tractor unit. The functioning of the engine as a model can be presented in the form of a multi-level and multidimensional system in which the control flows will be indicators of the work process (effective power, indicator pressure, the amount of fresh charge entering the cylinders, etc.), fuel supply parameters (cyclic supply, fuel injection pressure, fuel temperature, etc.), which depend on the physicochemical and operational properties of the alternative fuel. The proposed model provides for the determination of the rational composition of the fuel, technical solutions for adapting the fuel system for the effective supply of alternative fuel to the engine cylinders with the required indicators, as well as determining their influence on the parameters of the operational efficiency of the tractor as part of machine-tractor unit. The obtained numerical values of the parameters of the diesel operating process and fuel supply, depending on the physical-chemical properties of the alternative fuel used, make it possible to determine the performance indicators of the tractor as part of machine-tractor unit and evaluate the efficiency of its operation on various alternative types of fuels, in comparison with using petroleum diesel fuel.
{"title":"TO THE FORMATION OF AN EFFICIENCY MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS FUNCTIONING AS A PART OF MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT WHEN WORKING ON ALTERNATIVE FUELS","authors":"Andrey Glushchenko, Il'mas Salahutdinov, A. Subaeva, Marat Kalimullin, R. Latypov","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-42-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-42-47","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the Russian agro-industrial complex provides for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of energy machines while simultaneously reducing energy and labor costs. A promising direction for saving diesel fuel and improving the environmental performance of mobile agricultural machinery is the use of alternative motor fuel. In modern agricultural machines, this will be reflected, first of all, in the parameters of the working process and its flow in the engine, as well as in the indicators of power, fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of its operation, which, to one degree or another, will lead to changes in the indicators characterizing the operational properties of a machine-tractor unit. The functioning of the engine as a model can be presented in the form of a multi-level and multidimensional system in which the control flows will be indicators of the work process (effective power, indicator pressure, the amount of fresh charge entering the cylinders, etc.), fuel supply parameters (cyclic supply, fuel injection pressure, fuel temperature, etc.), which depend on the physicochemical and operational properties of the alternative fuel. The proposed model provides for the determination of the rational composition of the fuel, technical solutions for adapting the fuel system for the effective supply of alternative fuel to the engine cylinders with the required indicators, as well as determining their influence on the parameters of the operational efficiency of the tractor as part of machine-tractor unit. The obtained numerical values of the parameters of the diesel operating process and fuel supply, depending on the physical-chemical properties of the alternative fuel used, make it possible to determine the performance indicators of the tractor as part of machine-tractor unit and evaluate the efficiency of its operation on various alternative types of fuels, in comparison with using petroleum diesel fuel.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-109-116
Elena Kovalenko, O. Semicheva
The Constitution of the Russian Federation states (Article 7) that the country is a social state, the main goal of which is to create conditions for ensuring a decent life and free development of people. The formation of a social state is a long process and Russia is only at the beginning, gradually forming its fundamental elements, the most important of which are the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, a highly developed socially oriented economy, social partnership and social responsibility, social justice, social democracy. The social functions of the state ensure the quality of life and represent, in fact, all spheres of society’s life, therefore assessing the level of effectiveness of the social state is very important, but difficult due to its polycriteria and multi-level nature. In the context of multidimensional life support of the population, it is necessary to assess social and economic inequality in many parameters (financial situation, labor activity, housing conditions, life safety, public health, education, culture, transport infrastructure, information and communication resources, living potential of the population) as separate territories countries and social groups. Empirical research has revealed deep differentiation in the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and their inequality in the performance of social functions of the state, including the livelihoods of the rural population. To develop government management decisions in order to ensure social justice, a methodological toolkit for multidimensional assessment of the effectiveness of the social state is proposed, based on a systematic approach taking into account the contribution of administrative-territorial entities, which allows us to identify problem areas that require priority attention, identify strategic goals and measures to achieve them.
{"title":"METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SOCIAL STATE OF RUSSIA","authors":"Elena Kovalenko, O. Semicheva","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-109-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-109-116","url":null,"abstract":"The Constitution of the Russian Federation states (Article 7) that the country is a social state, the main goal of which is to create conditions for ensuring a decent life and free development of people. The formation of a social state is a long process and Russia is only at the beginning, gradually forming its fundamental elements, the most important of which are the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, a highly developed socially oriented economy, social partnership and social responsibility, social justice, social democracy. The social functions of the state ensure the quality of life and represent, in fact, all spheres of society’s life, therefore assessing the level of effectiveness of the social state is very important, but difficult due to its polycriteria and multi-level nature. In the context of multidimensional life support of the population, it is necessary to assess social and economic inequality in many parameters (financial situation, labor activity, housing conditions, life safety, public health, education, culture, transport infrastructure, information and communication resources, living potential of the population) as separate territories countries and social groups. Empirical research has revealed deep differentiation in the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and their inequality in the performance of social functions of the state, including the livelihoods of the rural population. To develop government management decisions in order to ensure social justice, a methodological toolkit for multidimensional assessment of the effectiveness of the social state is proposed, based on a systematic approach taking into account the contribution of administrative-territorial entities, which allows us to identify problem areas that require priority attention, identify strategic goals and measures to achieve them.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.12737/2073-0462-2024-28-33
S. Bulatov, Aleksey Isupov, Vladimir Nechaev, O. Tareeva, Aleksey Pronin
Screw conveyors have found application in the food, processing and chemical industries. Depending on the characteristics of the transported raw materials, conveyors of various designs are used. Due to a number of advantages in the production of dry bulk feed mixtures for farm animals, it is rational to use horizontal screw dispensers of a closed type driven by asynchronous electric motors. To increase the life of asynchronous motors, their operating mode provides for smooth braking, which affects the accuracy of dosing feed components. In this regard, the purpose of the research was formulated – to determine the influence of the structural and technological parameters of screw dispensers on the amount of material to be moved during the braking of the screw. Calculations were performed for a standard DSh-60 auger using well-known laws of mechanics. When considering the calculation scheme, it was revealed that in the screw braking mode, the mass of the dosed materials is influenced by the material supply and the screw rotation frequency. The permissible ranges of the screw rotation frequency have been experimentally established when it changes in the braking mode, which are in the range from 94.8 min-1 to 18.7 min-1. As a result of the calculations carried out, it was revealed that as the screw rotation frequency increases in the specified range, the amount of material moved by it increases by 3.7 times. The lowest feed value for the screw in question is set, which is 0.8 kg/min (at = 18.7 min-1), and the minimum mass moved by the DSh-60 screw in braking mode is 19 g. Calculated values of the mass of the dosed component can be entered into the screw control program to adjust the dosing accuracy.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY OF MOVEABLE MATERIAL BY THE SCREW DISPENSER IN BRAKING MODE","authors":"S. Bulatov, Aleksey Isupov, Vladimir Nechaev, O. Tareeva, Aleksey Pronin","doi":"10.12737/2073-0462-2024-28-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2024-28-33","url":null,"abstract":"Screw conveyors have found application in the food, processing and chemical industries. Depending on the characteristics of the transported raw materials, conveyors of various designs are used. Due to a number of advantages in the production of dry bulk feed mixtures for farm animals, it is rational to use horizontal screw dispensers of a closed type driven by asynchronous electric motors. To increase the life of asynchronous motors, their operating mode provides for smooth braking, which affects the accuracy of dosing feed components. In this regard, the purpose of the research was formulated – to determine the influence of the structural and technological parameters of screw dispensers on the amount of material to be moved during the braking of the screw. Calculations were performed for a standard DSh-60 auger using well-known laws of mechanics. When considering the calculation scheme, it was revealed that in the screw braking mode, the mass of the dosed materials is influenced by the material supply and the screw rotation frequency. The permissible ranges of the screw rotation frequency have been experimentally established when it changes in the braking mode, which are in the range from 94.8 min-1 to 18.7 min-1. As a result of the calculations carried out, it was revealed that as the screw rotation frequency increases in the specified range, the amount of material moved by it increases by 3.7 times. The lowest feed value for the screw in question is set, which is 0.8 kg/min (at = 18.7 min-1), and the minimum mass moved by the DSh-60 screw in braking mode is 19 g. Calculated values of the mass of the dosed component can be entered into the screw control program to adjust the dosing accuracy.","PeriodicalId":23526,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：