Spatiotemporal hollow multi-ring optical solitons in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media

Abstract

Spatiotemporal optical solitons in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media (SNNM) are investigated theoretically and numerically by solving the ( 3 + 1 ) D Schrödinger equation in parabolic cylindric coordinates. The spatiotemporal optical solitons in parabolic cylindric coordinates are constructed by the Hermite–Gaussian pulses with topology charge l in the temporal domain and confluent hypergeometric beams with model number n, m in the spatial domain. The transverse field patterns of the solitons are manipulated by the confluent hypergeometric functions; meanwhile the Hermite–Gaussian pulses affect their transverse central peak’s intensity. Typical examples of the obtained soliton solutions are based on spatial mode numbers m, n, pulse topology charge l, and modulation depth q. The spatiotemporal hollow multi-ring optical soliton in SNNM with m ≠ 0 is first accessed. The spatiotemporal optical soliton keeps approximately non-dispersion properties in the temporal dimension, and their widths of packets remain steady in the spatial dimension. Their transverse central peak’s intensity vibrates and decays with the pulse topology charge l increasing. The spatiotemporal hollow multi-ring optical solitons in SNNM have potential applications in optical switches, optical communications, and three-dimensional microprinting.