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Lensless 3D-imaging by referenceless phase holography 通过无参照相位全息技术实现无透镜三维成像
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.11.111811
Thomas Kreis
Referenceless phase holography (RELPH) is a lensless holographic method that generates the full (amplitude and phase) optical field if intensity and phase distributions of this field in one plane are given as numerical data. It is based on the interference of two pure phase fields that are produced by reflection of two mutually coherent plane waves at two phase modulating spatial light modulators (SLM). The optical field of any real or artificial three-dimensional (3D) scene can be displayed. This means that referenceless phase holography is a promising method for future 3D television or 3D cinema as well as for interferometric metrology. We introduce the theory of RELPH, possible technical realizations, and discuss the numerics. The possibilities and problems in calculating the diffraction fields of given 3D scenes are worked out, modifications of the algorithms are presented. Experiments are shown, not only proving the practicability of RELPH, but also confirming the various 3D cues, such as depth of field, occlusion, and parallax. Two approaches to multicolor display are presented and experimentally verified. The benefits and advantages of RELPH are outlined, open problems and necessary technological developments as well as possibilities and future prospects are discussed.
无参相位全息(RELPH)是一种无透镜全息方法,如果将一个平面上的光场强度和相位分布作为数字数据给出,就能生成完整的(振幅和相位)光场。它基于两个相干平面波在两个相位调制空间光调制器(SLM)上反射产生的两个纯相位场的干涉。可以显示任何真实或人造三维(3D)场景的光场。这意味着无参照相位全息技术是未来三维电视或三维电影以及干涉计量学的一种有前途的方法。我们介绍了 RELPH 的理论、可能的技术实现方法,并讨论了数值计算。我们探讨了计算给定三维场景衍射场的可能性和问题,并介绍了算法的修改。实验结果不仅证明了 RELPH 的实用性,还证实了各种三维线索,如景深、遮挡和视差。介绍了两种多色显示方法,并通过实验进行了验证。概述了 RELPH 的好处和优势,讨论了尚未解决的问题和必要的技术开发以及可能性和未来前景。
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引用次数: 0
Cost-effective, DIY, and open-source digital lensless holographic microscope with distortion correction 具有畸变校正功能的低成本、DIY 和开源数字无透镜全息显微镜
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.11.111807
Carlos Buitrago-Duque, Heberley Tobon-Maya, Samuel Zapata-Valencia, Jorge Garcia-Sucerquia
Digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM) allows the design of cost-effective systems using off-the-shelf materials, making this type of lensless microscope accessible to many users worldwide. However, these materials may have a limited optomechanical performance that is aggravated due to the sought compactness and the intended cost-effective manufacturing process. This problem particularly affects the illumination source, which is of critical importance for DLHM, as it defines the optical performance of the microscope. While recent reports show that the required point source can be built from a low-cost laser diode coupled to an also low-cost aspheric lens, the resulting illumination has a distorted wavefront that limits the performance of the microscope. A simple homemade setup to correct the distortion of such illumination source and its integration into a compact, cost-effective, DIY, and open-source-certifiable digital lensless holographic microscope, is presented. The distortion-corrected DLHM is validated by imaging calibrated test targets and biological samples, achieving a 12-fold extension on the distortion-free magnification range of previous designs and a doubling of the effective spatial resolution without significant increments in its overall cost.
数字无透镜全息显微镜(DLHM)可以使用现成的材料设计出具有成本效益的系统,使全球许多用户都能使用这种无透镜显微镜。然而,这些材料的光学机械性能可能有限,而且由于所追求的紧凑性和预定的高性价比制造工艺,这种问题更加严重。这个问题尤其影响到照明光源,而照明光源对 DLHM 至关重要,因为它决定了显微镜的光学性能。虽然最近的报告显示,所需的点光源可以由低成本的激光二极管和同样低成本的非球面透镜耦合而成,但由此产生的照明波面扭曲限制了显微镜的性能。本文介绍了校正这种照明光源畸变的一种简单自制装置,并将其集成到一台结构紧凑、成本效益高、可 DIY 且通过开源认证的数字无透镜全息显微镜中。经过畸变校正的 DLHM 通过对校准过的测试目标和生物样本进行成像进行了验证,其无畸变放大倍率范围比以前的设计扩大了 12 倍,有效空间分辨率提高了一倍,而总体成本却没有显著增加。
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引用次数: 0
Similarity study between speckle shearing phase and speckle correlation phase derivative using Riesz transform 利用里兹变换对斑点剪切相位和斑点相关相位导数进行相似性研究
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.11.111810
Yassine Tounsi, Manoj Kumar, Karmjit Kaur, Abdelkrim Nassim, Fernando Mendoza-Santoyo, Osamu Matoba
Speckle metrology techniques utilize the phenomenon of speckle patterns for various measurement applications. Speckle pattern interferometry and speckle shearography are the widely used speckle metrological techniques in diverse fields. In speckle interferometry, the phase map embedded in the speckle pattern fringes is directly proportional to the displacement; however, in speckle shearography, it is related directly to displacement derivative. We aim to explore the relationship between the extracted phase derivative from speckle fringe pattern and the phase from their corresponding shearing fringes along the x and y directions. A speckle fringe pattern and the sheared fringes along the x and y directions are numerically generated. From speckle fringe pattern, the phase derivatives along the x and y directions are extracted by using the Riesz transform algorithm, whereas from the shearing fringes, the phase distribution is extracted by using monogenic signal. The similarity between the phase derivate distribution from speckle fringe pattern and phase distribution from sheared fringe is quantitatively evaluated by using image quality index. Furthermore, application experimental data are also presented.
斑点计量技术利用斑点模式现象进行各种测量应用。斑点图干涉测量法和斑点剪切成像法是广泛应用于各个领域的斑点测量技术。在斑点干涉测量法中,斑点图案条纹中的相位图与位移成正比;而在斑点剪切成像法中,相位图与位移导数直接相关。我们旨在探索从斑点条纹图案中提取的相位导数与沿 x 和 y 方向的相应剪切条纹相位之间的关系。我们用数值方法生成了斑点条纹图案以及沿 x 和 y 方向的剪切条纹。使用里兹变换算法从斑点条纹图案中提取沿 x 和 y 方向的相位导数,而使用单源信号从剪切条纹中提取相位分布。利用图像质量指标定量评估了斑点条纹的相位导数分布与剪切条纹的相位分布之间的相似性。此外,还给出了应用实验数据。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-view occlusion removal in digital lensless holographic microscopy 在数字无透镜全息显微镜中消除多视角闭塞
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.11.111806
Carlos Buitrago-Duque, Samuel Zapata-Valencia, Jorge Garcia-Sucerquia
A multi-view occlusion removal method for digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM) is presented. Multiple DLHM holograms, whose individual reconstructions show occluded or partially occluded sample details, are recorded for different sample placements at its plane. A coordinated addition of the multiple DLHM recordings produces a composite hologram whose reconstruction allows the removal of the occlusions for a given imaging plane while increasing the reconstructed field of view. A theoretical model supports the method and its feasibility is tested with phase bio- and non-bio samples.
本文介绍了一种用于数字无透镜全息显微镜(DLHM)的多视角遮挡消除方法。针对样品在其平面上的不同位置,记录多张 DLHM 全息图,这些全息图的单独重构显示了被遮挡或部分遮挡的样品细节。将多个 DLHM 记录协调相加,生成一个复合全息图,其重构可消除特定成像平面的遮挡,同时增加重构视场。理论模型支持该方法,并用相位生物和非生物样本对其可行性进行了测试。
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引用次数: 0
Lensless object classification in long wave infrared using random phase encoding 利用随机相位编码进行长波红外无透镜物体分类
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.11.111809
Gregory Aschenbrenner, Kashif Usmani, Saurabh Goswami, Bahram Javidi
We introduce a lensless long wave infrared (LWIR) sensing system, utilizing double-random phase encoding. The employment of thin random phase encoding elements eliminates the need for traditional optical lenses. For object classification, convolutional neural network is used to process the speckle patterns produced by the random phase encoding, thus avoiding the reconstruction problem associated with lensless imaging. This approach is attractive for applications demanding compactness and cost-efficiency for LWIR systems. Experiments are provided to illustrate the proposed system. Our results demonstrate that this system competes well with conventional lensed LWIR imaging methods in a binary classification task under noisy conditions, where noise is not known a priori. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on such approaches in the LWIR domain.
我们介绍了一种利用双随机相位编码的无透镜长波红外(LWIR)传感系统。采用薄型随机相位编码元件后,就不再需要传统的光学透镜。在进行物体分类时,使用卷积神经网络处理随机相位编码产生的斑点模式,从而避免了与无镜头成像相关的重建问题。这种方法对要求紧凑和低成本的低红外系统应用很有吸引力。我们提供了实验来说明所提议的系统。我们的结果表明,在噪声条件下的二元分类任务中,该系统与传统的透镜式长波红外成像方法相比具有很强的竞争力。据我们所知,这是第一份关于长波红外领域此类方法的报告。
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引用次数: 0
High resolution lensless microscopy based on Fresnel propagation 基于菲涅尔传播的高分辨率无透镜显微镜
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.11.111805
André F. Müller, Ralf B. Bergmann, Claas Falldorf
Digital holography allows for the recording and reconstruction of three-dimensional images using interference and diffraction principles. The propagation of light from the hologram plane to the reconstruction plane is a crucial step, often achieved through Fresnel propagation, a method that inherently transforms the reconstructed pixel pitch to provide diffraction-limited imaging. However, the accuracy of this method is limited by the Fresnel approximation, especially in applications such as digital holographic microscopy. We present a simple method that significantly improves the accuracy of the Fresnel approximation by incorporating higher orders of the binomial approximation. We validate the effectiveness of our approach through high numerical aperture simulations and experimental results, demonstrating superior sub-micron resolution and reduced distortions compared with standard Fresnel propagation.
数字全息技术利用干涉和衍射原理记录和重建三维图像。光从全息图平面传播到重建平面是一个关键步骤,通常通过菲涅尔传播来实现,这种方法可对重建像素间距进行固有变换,以提供衍射限制成像。然而,这种方法的精度受到菲涅尔近似的限制,尤其是在数字全息显微镜等应用中。我们提出了一种简单的方法,通过结合二项式近似的高阶,大大提高了菲涅尔近似的精度。我们通过高数值孔径模拟和实验结果验证了这一方法的有效性,证明与标准菲涅尔传播法相比,我们的方法具有卓越的亚微米分辨率,并减少了失真。
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引用次数: 0
Examination of measurement by hard X-ray grazing incidence diffraction patterns of isolated lattices for 3D 1-nm resolution 通过硬 X 射线掠入射衍射图样测量孤立晶格的三维 1 纳米分辨率的研究
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.11.111804
Tetsuya Hoshino, Sadao Aoki, Masahide Itoh, Hiroshi Itoh, Takato Inoue, Satoshi Matsuyama
Scatterometry has been put into practical use for microstructure measurement of ultra-large-scale integration due to its high process compatibility. On the other hand, its application has been limited to periodic structures. By applying this method to isolated systems and using hard X-rays, it may be possible to significantly exceed a resolution of 10 nm, which is the limit of conventional optical measurement. We demonstrate the feasibility of this measurement by rigorous calculations. For this purpose, we measured the intensity of specular reflection and noise at the beamline of hard X-ray radiation. The virtual target is a 15-nm-wide lattice. The signal-to-noise ratio is low enough for a lattice with a period of 25 nm but 10 times higher for an isolated lattice.
散射测量法因其高度的工艺兼容性,已被实际用于超大规模集成的微观结构测量。另一方面,其应用仅限于周期性结构。通过将这种方法应用于孤立系统并使用硬 X 射线,有可能大大超过 10 纳米的分辨率,而这正是传统光学测量的极限。我们通过严格的计算证明了这种测量方法的可行性。为此,我们测量了硬 X 射线辐射光束线的镜面反射强度和噪声。虚拟目标是一个 15 纳米宽的晶格。对于周期为 25 纳米的晶格,信噪比足够低,但对于孤立晶格,信噪比则高出 10 倍。
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引用次数: 0
3D printing: optics topics for the classroom and an enabler in the instructional lab 3D 打印:课堂上的光学课题和教学实验室中的助推器
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.7.071410
Zach Simmons
Optics is an excellent complement to undergraduate study in fields such as mechanical, electrical, or biomedical engineering. Applications in those disciplines are also a great motivation for deeper learning in optics. One area in particular where optics and engineering intersect that is worthy of more attention is three-dimensional (3D) printing (3DP). I describe how optics concepts relevant to 3DP enhance the usual introductory discussion as well as how 3DP can be beneficial to the humbly stocked optics lab. The work concludes with some practical examples of capabilities that have been made possible in our instructional labs through 3DP.
光学是机械、电气或生物医学工程等领域本科学习的绝佳补充。这些学科的应用也是深入学习光学的巨大动力。光学与工程学交叉的一个特别值得关注的领域是三维(3D)打印(3DP)。我描述了与 3DP 相关的光学概念如何增强通常的入门讨论,以及 3DP 如何有益于简陋的光学实验室。最后,我列举了一些通过 3DP 实现教学实验室功能的实例。
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引用次数: 0
Demonstration of a number of educational experiments on diffraction and interference of light using single-beam setup 使用单光束装置演示一些有关光的衍射和干涉的教学实验
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.7.071409
Raj Kumar, Monika Rani
Optics and photonics have become integral components of undergraduate and postgraduate curricula due to their extensive applications in physics, biology, and engineering, particularly in fields such as sensing and communication. Diffraction and interference phenomena are building blocks for understanding principles of optics and photonics based technologies. As a result, these concepts are taught to students at various educational levels in colleges and universities. However, many students currently face challenges in grasping the fundamental principles of light diffraction and interference. To address this issue, there is a need for an experimental setup that can effectively and visually explain these principles to students. We present a single-beam experimental setup. This setup is well suited for conducting a range of experiments related to the diffraction and interference of light. Through the utilization of this setup, we are able to showcase the experiments involving diffraction patterns produced by circular apertures, knife-edge diffraction, single slit, wire diffraction, as well as intriguing phenomena, such as the Poisson spot and spatial frequency filtering.
由于光学和光子学在物理学、生物学和工程学中的广泛应用,特别是在传感和通信等领域的应用,它们已成为本科生和研究生课程中不可或缺的组成部分。衍射和干涉现象是理解光学原理和光子学技术的基础。因此,各高等院校都会向不同年级的学生教授这些概念。然而,目前许多学生在掌握光衍射和干涉的基本原理方面面临挑战。为了解决这个问题,我们需要一种实验装置,能够有效、直观地向学生解释这些原理。我们介绍一种单光束实验装置。该装置非常适合进行一系列与光的衍射和干涉有关的实验。通过使用该装置,我们能够展示涉及圆形孔径产生的衍射图样、刀刃衍射、单缝、线衍射以及泊松光斑和空间频率滤波等有趣现象的实验。
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引用次数: 0
Spreading optics awareness through short-form video on social media 通过社交媒体上的短视频传播光学知识
IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q4 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.7.071407
Cory S. Boone
Public educational outreach is critical for introducing students to the field of optics. Video-sharing platforms, including YouTube and TikTok, are powerful tools for introducing optics to young students, especially as video consumption rates continue to rise. The proliferation of short, casual videos shot vertically on a cell phone on these applications and other social media platforms has greatly reduced the barriers to entry for educating through video. This work will cover the strategies and tactics used by Edmund Optics in recent years to establish and rapidly scale up a video-based outreach program that now reaches up to 13 million views per month. While this scale may at first seem unattainable, short-form video on social media provides a low-cost, low-time-requirement method for achieving this level of reach. In addition to practical guidance for educational video creation, the benefits of such an effort to the company or institution who sponsors it and tips to get buy-in from organizational leadership will be shared. A digital video-based optics outreach program can serve as the foundation for a larger outreach effort that develops the future photonics workforce.
公共教育推广对于向学生介绍光学领域至关重要。包括 YouTube 和 TikTok 在内的视频共享平台是向年轻学生介绍光学的有力工具,尤其是随着视频消费率的持续上升。在这些应用程序和其他社交媒体平台上,用手机垂直拍摄的休闲短视频大量涌现,大大降低了通过视频进行教育的门槛。这项工作将涵盖埃德蒙光学公司近年来所采用的战略和战术,以建立并迅速扩大基于视频的推广计划,目前该计划每月的浏览量高达 1300 万次。虽然这一规模初看起来似乎遥不可及,但社交媒体上的短视频提供了一种低成本、低时间要求的方法来达到这一覆盖水平。除了对教育视频创作的实用指导外,还将分享这种努力对赞助公司或机构的益处,以及获得组织领导层支持的技巧。基于数字视频的光学推广计划可以作为培养未来光子学人才的更大规模推广工作的基础。
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引用次数: 0
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Optical Engineering
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